Prognostic Factors in Secondary Generalised Peritonitis

Introduction: Acute secondary peritonitis is a common clinical condition encountered in emergency hospital units, affecting a wide range of patients. The mortality rate for these patients is high and increases with the onset of sepsis, while the risk factors associated with poor outcomes remain under debate. The aim of this study was to analyze the prognostic factors that increase morbidity and mortality in generalized secondary peritonitis. Generalized secondary peritonitis accounts for approximately 1% of emergency hospital admissions. Mortality in generalized secondary peritonitis remains high, ranging from 6% to as much as 55% in cases of severe sepsis, according to various studies. Materials and methods: This study was conducted by searching publications listed on the most prominent search engines and identifying the most relevant articles from our perspective, with a focus on prioritizing studies from recent years. Results/Discussion: Multiple prognostic factors were identified in the studied articles, including age, the presence of associated conditions (cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, neurological, metabolic, oncological), preoperative time, type of peritonitis, septic shock, or severe sepsis. Conclusions: The most consistent prognostic factors increasing morbidity and mortality were advanced age, cardiovascular diseases, chronic renal failure, cancer, and sepsis. Scoring systems greatly assist us in daily practice, and the simpler they are, the more practical they become. Artificial intelligence is making its way into all fields, promising to revolutionize the monitoring of patients with peritonitis.