A Non-smooth Approach for Multiphysics Modeling of Tibiofemoral Joint Contact Forces under Impact Loading

A Non-smooth Approach for Multiphysics Modeling of Tibiofemoral Joint Contact Forces under Impact Loading | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A Non-smooth Approach for Multiphysics Modeling of Tibiofemoral Joint Contact Forces under Impact Loading Abu Hena MD Maruf Morshed, Abhishek Chatterjee, Mark Ricard, Rhonda Prisby, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6569204/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Walking and running are not as mechanically benign as might be commonly assumed. When a heel hits the ground, the body undergoes high-frequency impulse loads, which means it experiences large and abrupt contact forces distributed over the surfaces of the tibiofemoral joints. Studying these contact forces could reveal new insights related to the diagnosis and prognosis of osteoarthritis. In vivo measurement of joint forces is impossible, making computational models essential for their study. To do this, the model must include rigid bodies, such as bones, flexible bodies, and fluids, such as synovial fluid, making this a multi-physics model. During impact, the interaction between the fluid and bone surfaces resembles a rigid body collision due to the abrupt nature of the event, causing negligible deformation or positional change. This behavior motivates the application of rigid body impact principles within a multi-physics model of the tibiofemoral joint. Instead of simulating a complex anatomical system, a simplified knee joint is represented using two blocks connected with flexible and fluid elements. Two cases are examined, which represent knee joints with chronic arthritis and healthy joint tissue. This paper discusses the effect of flexible elements on the dynamic behavior of impacting bodies and the energy transfers that occur in the system predicted by the rigid body impact analysis. Mechanical Engineering Sports Medicine and Kinesiology impact dynamics knee joint arthritis multiphysics modeling Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6569204","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":450501463,"identity":"b8ce9873-bea6-4a95-93ce-6c7cb998dac2","order_by":0,"name":"Abu Hena MD Maruf Morshed","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"The University of Texas at Arlington","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abu","middleName":"Hena MD Maruf","lastName":"Mors","suffix":"MD"},{"id":450501464,"identity":"4132758d-d224-435e-9a80-6206123294b6","order_by":1,"name":"Abhishek Chatterjee","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Twente","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abhishek","middleName":"","lastName":"Chatterjee","suffix":""},{"id":450501465,"identity":"fd0c872b-6ca2-4e65-99ef-dbd2f2c346b5","order_by":2,"name":"Mark Ricard","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"The University of Texas at Arlington","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mark","middleName":"","lastName":"Ricard","suffix":""},{"id":450501466,"identity":"48a40a95-31de-45ad-8f21-84dc02b423f7","order_by":3,"name":"Rhonda Prisby","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"The University of Texas at Arlington","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rhonda","middleName":"","lastName":"Prisby","suffix":""},{"id":450501467,"identity":"a42bc7a9-34e0-488f-a5af-97f909b7a0ae","order_by":4,"name":"Alan Bowling","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAtklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACAwYGxgMJDAxyEC4bcVoYQFqMIaqJ1gLEiQ1EazFn7zE48HBHbfqG+80PGD6UHSasxbLnjMGBxDPHczccYzNgnHGOCC0GN3I3HEhsOwbUwmDAzNtGgpZ0g2PsH5j/kqClJsHgGI8BMyMxWix7zn8AajlgOPNYTsHBnnPphLWYs7clPvzZVifPd/j4xgc/yqwJa4ECiHsOEK0eCOpIUTwKRsEoGAUjDQAAyo5EDm3itTcAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"The University of Texas at Arlington","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Alan","middleName":"","lastName":"Bowling","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-05-01 04:57:37","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6569204/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6569204/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":81832217,"identity":"cfa56d1d-1ef4-42f8-b011-486556359efe","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-02 14:05:06","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":551544,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ANonsmoothApproachforMultiphysicsModelingofTibiofemoralJointContactForcesunderImpactLoading2.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6569204/v1_covered_322ab1a5-389b-4ac0-bded-391eaf499040.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eA Non-smooth Approach for Multiphysics\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eModeling of Tibiofemoral Joint Contact Forces\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eunder Impact Loading\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"The University of Texas at Arlington","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"impact dynamics, knee joint, arthritis, multiphysics modeling","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6569204/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6569204/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eWalking and running are not as mechanically benign as might be commonly assumed. When a heel hits the ground, the body undergoes high-frequency impulse loads, which means it experiences large and abrupt contact forces distributed over the surfaces of the tibiofemoral joints. Studying these contact forces could reveal new insights related to the diagnosis and prognosis of osteoarthritis. In vivo measurement of joint forces is impossible, making computational models essential for their study. To do this, the model must include rigid bodies, such as bones, flexible bodies, and fluids, such as synovial fluid, making this a multi-physics model. During impact, the interaction between the fluid and bone surfaces resembles a rigid body collision due to the abrupt nature of the event, causing negligible deformation or positional change. This behavior motivates the application of rigid body impact principles within a multi-physics model of the tibiofemoral joint. Instead of simulating a complex anatomical system, a simplified knee joint is represented using two blocks connected with flexible and fluid elements. Two cases are examined, which represent knee joints with chronic arthritis and healthy joint tissue. This paper discusses the effect of flexible elements on the dynamic behavior of impacting bodies and the energy transfers that occur in the system predicted by the rigid body impact analysis.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"A Non-smooth Approach for Multiphysics\nModeling of Tibiofemoral Joint Contact Forces\nunder Impact Loading","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-05-02 13:56:59","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6569204/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"10b5e70b-76cd-4c06-8632-711363283e0c","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 2nd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":47936641,"name":"Mechanical Engineering"},{"id":47936642,"name":"Sports Medicine and Kinesiology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-05-02T13:56:59+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-05-02 13:56:59","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6569204","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6569204","identity":"rs-6569204","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}