Design and Modelling of Defective Single and Double Layered Graphene : Nano Resonators

Nano sensors and actuators are frequently made of graphene. Any defect in the graphene's manufacturing has an impact on its sensing performance and on its dynamic behaviour. Using a molecular structure mechanics technique, the influence of pinhole defects and atomic defects on the performance parameters of single layer graphene sheets (SLGS) and double layer graphene sheets (DLGS) with various boundary conditions and lengths is explored. In contrast to the perfect nanostructure of a graphene sheet, defects are described as holes formed by atomic vacancies. As the number of defects increases, the simulation results show that the presence of defects has the greatest impact on the resonance frequency of SLG and DLG. The interlayer separation in the form of Van der Waals interaction is modelled using characteristic spring element. The upper and lower sheets of DLGS are described as elastic beams connected by a spring element. For the purposes of analysis, two distinct types of boundary conditions (BD) are identified: cantilever and bridged. The influence of pinhole defect (PD) and atomic vacancy defect (AVD) on armchair, zigzag, and chiral SLGS and DLGS was investigated in this article using FEM based atomic Molecular Structure. The influence of both types of defects is largest when it is adjacent to the fixed support for all three different types of graphene sheets, i.e., Armchair, Zigzag, and Chiral. The model has been tested against previous research. The focus of this research is to develop a mechanism for determining how defects affect graphene frequency band.