Changes in biodiversity impact atmospheric chemistry and climate through plant volatiles and particles

Climate extremes in tandem with biodiversity change affect emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from plants and, as a result, the formation of biogenic secondary organic aerosols (BSOA). The resulting BSOA can have a wide variety of impacts, such as on Earth’s radiative balance or cloud- and precipitation formation. However, at present, it is unclear how changing biodiversity will lead to changes in BVOC emissions, BSOA formation and their corresponding effects. We present a conceptual framework of the relationships between biodiversity and BVOC emissions based on our current mechanistic understanding and combining knowledge from the fields of biology and atmospheric chemistry. Parts of this framework are tested in a case study using a tree diversity experiment with adjunct BVOC and BSOA characterisation. The relative differences in tree monocultures and mixtures show that the overall concentration of BVOCs decreases with increasing biodiversity ( p < 0.01), but results for BSOA compounds are mixed and overall non-significant ( p = 0.40). We suggest future studies should follow a multidisciplinary approach where the fields of biology, atmospheric chemistry and climate research interact.