Experiences and impacts of side effects among contraceptive users in the UK: exploring individual narratives of contraceptive side effects

Purpose While many women worldwide use contraception, there is a paucity of research on individual experiences of side effects and their impacts. To address this gap, we analysed free-text responses of contraception experiences from 337 women aged 18 to 35, based in the UK who took part in an online survey on contraception. Materials and methods Through a directed content analysis approach, we developed a coding framework based on existing literature and initial response review. It included six themes; method(s) of contraception, side effect(s) experienced, impact of side effect(s), timing of side effect(s), interactions with healthcare practitioners, and trial and error. Results Side effect experiences and impacts varied greatly between individuals and contraceptives. Most participants described negative effects, such as mental health issues and bleeding problems. Some shared positive experiences related to bleeding management and the absence of side effects. Some experienced side effects after years of use and felt unheard by practitioners. Conclusions This contraceptive experience variability underscores the need for further research into individual side effect variation. We advocate for a patient-centred approach to contraceptive counselling. Practitioners should play an active role in improving contraception prescription, acknowledging the diverse experiences and preferences of patients.