Experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of low molecular weight chitosan on a model of endometrial hyperplasia

Background.Currently, there is a sharp increase in gynecological diseases with pathophysiological elements of connective tissue dysplasia and proliferative processes in the uterus. In this aspect, endometrial hyperplasia occupies a leading position and is observed not only during postmenopause, but also for this pathological process there is a very negative tendency towards rejuvenation. The clinical significance of endometrial hyperplasia lies in the associated risk of endometrial cancer progression, and "atypical" forms of endometrial hyperplasia are considered as precancerous lesions. The frequency and timing of malignancy of endometrial hyperplasia are quite variable. Some authors believe that the frequency of oncotransformation of the endometrium ranges from 25 to 50%, others – up to 80%. Objective. The purpose of the work was to evaluate the therapeutic and prophylactic effect of low molecular weight chitosan on a model of endometrial hyperplasia in mice induced by hyperestrogenemia. Materials and methods. 20 outbred nonlinear laboratory ICR (CD-1) mice (female) with an average body weight of 20-22 g, they were divided into 2 groups of 10 animals in each group. Endometrial hyperplasia was modeled by subcutaneous injection of 0.1 ml of 2% synestrol oil solution, 2 times a week for 2 weeks. The animals of the experimental group received a 0.05% aqueous solution of low molecular weight chitosan as a drink throughout the experiment, and the animals of the control group received drinking water. After removing the animals from the experiment under ether anesthesia, the liver and uterus were fixed in a 10% formalin solution and subjected to standard alcohol histological wiring. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin according to the usual procedure. The height of the epithelium was measured in micrometers on a cross-section of the uterus. The number of cells in adipose dystrophy was calculated as a percentage per 1 mm2. The glass sections were scanned on a histopathological micropreparation scanner KF-PRO-005 (Konfoong Biotech International Co., Ltd). Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the Statistica10.0 program. Results. As can be seen from the results obtained, low molecular weight chitosan has a pronounced therapeutic and prophylactic effect in endometrial hyperplasia. It manifests itself not only at the level of a decrease in endometrial hyperplasia, but also at the level of liver damage in a decrease in the volume density of hepatocytes in a state of fatty degeneration. Conclusion. The results obtained objectively prove that oral administration of low molecular weight chitosan effectively affects all links in the etiopathogenesis of endometrial hyperplasia and can be recommended for the prevention of not only this disease, but also for the prevention of malignancy of endometrial hyperplasia and the prevention of uterine cancer.