The effectiveness of using a combination of the antioxidants Glutathione and Vitamin E in feed on the reproductive performance of snakehead fish broodstock.

The effectiveness of using a combination of the antioxidants Glutathione and Vitamin E in feed on the reproductive performance of snakehead fish broodstock. | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article The effectiveness of using a combination of the antioxidants Glutathione and Vitamin E in feed on the reproductive performance of snakehead fish broodstock. Untung Bijaksana, Muhammad Alfian Tsauri, Indira Fitriliyani, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7656167/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The snakehead fish ( Channa striata ) is a species that remains largely undomesticated and is often susceptible to environmental stressors, which can negatively affect reproductive performance. Dietary supplementation with antioxidants has been reported to reduce stress and improve physiological functions in cultured fish. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Vitamin E and Glutathione (GSH), either individually or in combination, on the reproductive performance of snakehead broodstock. Two experimental diets were used: (A) commercial feed supplemented with 500 mg/kg Vitamin E and (B) commercial feed supplemented with a combination of 500 mg/kg Vitamin E and 300 mg/kg GSH. Broodstock weighing 200–300 g (average 266.25 ± 72.71 g) and aged approximately 8–12 months were reared for 30 days and fed twice daily. The results showed that fish fed Treatment A only reached gonadal maturation level (GML) III and exhibited histological abnormalities such as necrotic oocytes, granulomatous changes, impaired protein synthesis, and pigmented macrophage aggregates (PMA). In contrast, broodstock fed Treatment B reached GML IV–V, with healthier gonad development and improved histological profiles. Key reproductive indicators, including fecundity, egg diameter, yolk volume, and hatching rate (86.65%), were significantly higher compared to Treatment A (49.92%). These findings demonstrate that dietary supplementation with a combination of 300 mg/kg GSH and 500 mg/kg Vitamin E improves gonadal development, egg quality, and hatchability in Channa striata broodstock compared to Vitamin E alone, highlighting the synergistic role of antioxidants in broodstock nutrition. Channa striata broodstock nutrition reproductive performance Vitamin E supplementation Glutathione (GSH) antioxidant feed additives Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7656167","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":541829906,"identity":"2710d683-c057-4154-accd-5524c3787690","order_by":0,"name":"Untung Bijaksana","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Lambung Mangkurat University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Untung","middleName":"","lastName":"Bijaksana","suffix":""},{"id":541829908,"identity":"da61b6f4-e91b-44a2-a34e-91f3241ca6e6","order_by":1,"name":"Muhammad Alfian Tsauri","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Lambung Mangkurat 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broodstock.","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Channa striata, broodstock nutrition, reproductive performance, Vitamin E supplementation, Glutathione (GSH), antioxidant feed additives","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7656167/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7656167/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe snakehead fish (\u003cem\u003eChanna striata\u003c/em\u003e) is a species that remains largely undomesticated and is often susceptible to environmental stressors, which can negatively affect reproductive performance. Dietary supplementation with antioxidants has been reported to reduce stress and improve physiological functions in cultured fish. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Vitamin E and Glutathione (GSH), either individually or in combination, on the reproductive performance of snakehead broodstock. Two experimental diets were used: (A) commercial feed supplemented with 500 mg/kg Vitamin E and (B) commercial feed supplemented with a combination of 500 mg/kg Vitamin E and 300 mg/kg GSH. Broodstock weighing 200\u0026ndash;300 g (average 266.25\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;72.71 g) and aged approximately 8\u0026ndash;12 months were reared for 30 days and fed twice daily. The results showed that fish fed Treatment A only reached gonadal maturation level (GML) III and exhibited histological abnormalities such as necrotic oocytes, granulomatous changes, impaired protein synthesis, and pigmented macrophage aggregates (PMA). In contrast, broodstock fed Treatment B reached GML IV\u0026ndash;V, with healthier gonad development and improved histological profiles. Key reproductive indicators, including fecundity, egg diameter, yolk volume, and hatching rate (86.65%), were significantly higher compared to Treatment A (49.92%). These findings demonstrate that dietary supplementation with a combination of 300 mg/kg GSH and 500 mg/kg Vitamin E improves gonadal development, egg quality, and hatchability in \u003cem\u003eChanna striata\u003c/em\u003e broodstock compared to Vitamin E alone, highlighting the synergistic role of antioxidants in broodstock nutrition.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"The effectiveness of using a combination of the antioxidants Glutathione and Vitamin E in feed on the reproductive performance of snakehead fish broodstock.","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-10 08:13:04","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7656167/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"71288330-5718-4117-bbcd-0419919683f8","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 10th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-21T06:32:42+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-10 08:13:04","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7656167","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7656167","identity":"rs-7656167","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}