Seroprevalence of Contagious Bovine Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony type (MmmSC) in Cattle from Karamoja Region, North-eastern Uganda

Background: Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia [CBPP] is a transboundary animal disease of cattle caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides biotype small colony [MmmSC]. CBPP causes severe economic losses to livestock producers in sub-Saharan Africa mainly due to high mortality, morbidity, reduction in productivity as well as livestock trade restrictions. This study aimed at determining seroprevalence of MmmSC in cattle from Karamoja region, north-eastern Uganda; data that are required to design and implement risk based CBPP control program. Methods We randomly collected blood samples from 2,300 cattle spread across Karamoja region. Serum was extracted and screened for antibodies against Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides biotype small colony [MmmSC] using the competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay [cELISA] Results A quarter [25.4%; 95% CI: 23.7–27.3] of the screened cattle [n = 2,300] were sero-positive for MmmSC. Amudat and Kaabong districts recorded the lowest [12.3%] and highest [30.7%] MmmSC seroprevalence respectively. Increasing age, overnight stay in cattle kraals and location [certain districts, villages, herds and sub counties] of the cattle herds, the factors that promote animal commingling, were the most significant risk factors of seroconversion with MmmSC. Conclusion Results from this study indicated a higher seroprevalence of MmmSC in Karamoja region cattle herds than previously reported implying that CBPP endemicity has increased over time. To be effective, CBPP vaccination programs should target high risk herds along the international borders and other hotspot areas [e.g., parishes or sub counties]. Additionally, animals should be vaccinated against CBPP prior to being considered for overnight stays in protected kraals.