Beyond Rotavirus: Persistence of Norovirus, Adenovirus, and Astrovirus in Paediatric Gastroenteritis in the Republic of Congo After Vaccine Introduction

Beyond Rotavirus: Persistence of Norovirus, Adenovirus, and Astrovirus in Paediatric Gastroenteritis in the Republic of Congo After Vaccine Introduction | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL Journal of Medical Virology This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 23 October 2025 V1 Latest version Share on Beyond Rotavirus: Persistence of Norovirus, Adenovirus, and Astrovirus in Paediatric Gastroenteritis in the Republic of Congo After Vaccine Introduction Authors : Cedeche Lebraiche Durain Mboungou , Mfoutou Mapanguy 0000-0002-1408-4765 , Do Duc Anh , Jeannhey Vouvoungui , Alain Maxime Mouanga , Emmanuel Seun Kupoluyi , Raoul Ampa , Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan 0000-0002-9809-9883 , and Francine Ntoumi [email protected] Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.176119036.67603302/v1 Published Journal of Medical Virology Version of record Peer review timeline 201 views 110 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract Background: Despite the introduction of rotavirus vaccines, gastroenteritis remains a major cause of paediatric morbidity and mortality in the Republic of Congo. This study investigated the prevalence and genetic diversity of non-rotavirus enteric viruses including Norovirus (NoV), Adenovirus (AdV), and Astrovirus (AstV) ten years after the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine in 2014. Methods: A cross-sectional study between 2022 and 2023 in 227 children (≤5 years) hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Brazzaville was conducted. Stool samples were analysed by Multiplex RT-PCR to detect RVA, NoV, AdV, and AstV. Positive NoV and AstV samples underwent genotyping by PCR and sequencing. Results: The incidence of gastroenteritis peaked during the dry season, with the highest burden observed among children aged 6-24 months. Overall, 170/227 (75%) children tested positive for at least one virus: RVA was detected in n=131/227 children (58%), followed by NoV (n=77/227, 34%), AstV (n=24/227, 11%), and AdV (n=16/227, 7%), while 57 children (25%) tested negative for all four viruses. Co-infections were observed in n=46/227 children (20%), most commonly RVA-NoV. NoV genotyping revealed a predominance of GII.P31 (82%), and AdV was mainly type 41 (67%). Notably, from November 2022, gastroenteritis of unknown aetiology peaked, coinciding with a decline in the four targeted viruses. Conclusion: NoV, AstV, and AdV continue to contribute to the gastroenteritis burden in Congolese children. The high circulation of NoV and the seasonal surge of unexplained cases highlight the need for broadened molecular surveillance, incorporation of bacterial diagnostics, and consideration of future NoV vaccine strategies. Supplementary Material File (rotavirus_manuscript_final_mboungou-et-al-2025.docx) Download 461.44 KB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 23 October 2025 Peer review timeline Published Journal of Medical Virology Version of Record 13 Apr 2026 Published Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License. Collection Journal of Medical Virology Keywords adenovirus astrovirus gastrointestinal analysis human rotavirus research and analysis methods virus classification Authors Affiliations Cedeche Lebraiche Durain Mboungou Fondation Congolaise pour la recherche medicale View all articles by this author Mfoutou Mapanguy 0000-0002-1408-4765 Fondation Congolaise pour la recherche medicale View all articles by this author Do Duc Anh Universitatsklinikum Tubingen View all articles by this author Jeannhey Vouvoungui Fondation Congolaise pour la recherche medicale View all articles by this author Alain Maxime Mouanga Fondation Congolaise pour la recherche medicale View all articles by this author Emmanuel Seun Kupoluyi Fondation Congolaise pour la recherche medicale View all articles by this author Raoul Ampa Universite Marien Ngouabi View all articles by this author Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan 0000-0002-9809-9883 Universitatsklinikum Tubingen View all articles by this author Francine Ntoumi [email protected] Fondation Congolaise pour la recherche medicale View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 201 views 110 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Cedeche Lebraiche Durain Mboungou, Mfoutou Mapanguy, Do Duc Anh, et al. Beyond Rotavirus: Persistence of Norovirus, Adenovirus, and Astrovirus in Paediatric Gastroenteritis in the Republic of Congo After Vaccine Introduction. Authorea . 23 October 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.176119036.67603302/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu . 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