The Milk Fat Globule Membrane: from Neurocognitive Development to Infant Formula Supplementation

The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) surrounds and protects the fat globules present in milk. The addition of MFGM to infant formula has gained recognition as a means to enhance its nutritional profile. MFGM is rich in bioactive components such as phospholipids, glycoproteins, and enzymes, which are believed to support various aspects of infant development. Studies suggest that MFGM supplementation in formula may contribute to improved neurocognitive development. The incorporation of MFGM in infant formulas is an area of ongoing research and development to provide optimal nutrition for infants who are not exclusively breastfed. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) provide guidelines for the essential composition of infant formula and the food-safety of milk and milk products. To elucidate the mechanisms by which MFGM contributes to neurocognitive development, the review highlights the metabolic pathways in the brain and brain gut-axis of the newborn and their correlation with MFGM.