Flexible Wireless Microsystem for Implantable Photodynamic Therapy in Bladder Cancer Treatment

Flexible Wireless Microsystem for Implantable Photodynamic Therapy in Bladder Cancer Treatment | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Flexible Wireless Microsystem for Implantable Photodynamic Therapy in Bladder Cancer Treatment Rolan Mansour This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6264378/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Cancer is a highly prevalent disease and the incidence is rising in the developing nations. Cancer treatments, dependent on several factors, deliver varying degrees of treatment effectiveness. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality that selectively targets and destroys cancer cells using a light-sensitive drug with a specific optical wavelength. However, PDT encounters several constraints, mainly, limited penetration of light into deep tumors. In this paper, we present the fabrication methodology of a new implantable PDT micro-system towards overcoming the constraints of current PDT treatments. We fabricated bio-compatible devices using laser ablation towards large area manufacturability, scalability, and repeatability. A wireless power transfer demonstration was implemented showing the electrical power delivery in a tissue phantom, emulating the bladder. The production of singlet oxygen (1O2) using an in-house developed LED system was studied by utilizing a 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) in a Rose Bengal (RB) and Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution. The photosensitizer solution is illuminated by a minimum of 5 mW of optical power produce by the four LED arrays to generate 1O2. Our measurements confirm the production of 1O2 emission as well as lifetime performance. The optical, electrical, and mechanical studies are presented on the resultant optoelectronic system, verifying the efficiency and mechanical robustness of our prototype. Our manufacturing process is versatile to a variety of materials including polymeric substrates, metallic electrodes and offers design flexibility ranging from 30 microns to mm. This research advances the development of wirelessly powered implantable device for PDT, optimized for in-vivo use through careful LED selection and biocompatible design. Our results evidence the potential of a new emergent technology that addresses the limitations of PDT as a potential future therapy as to enhance the curative efficiency of cancer treatment. Materials Engineering Photodynamic therapy bladder cancer Urothelial carcinoma microsystem Parylene C flexible implantable wireless and biomedical device photosensitizers micro-LED singlet oxygen Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6264378","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":431242645,"identity":"eb2a0f6a-0bac-45d3-a261-7e3b19cd72d2","order_by":0,"name":"Rolan Mansour","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABHklEQVRIie3RsUrDQBjA8S8EzPJB1ispzSskFCwi6qu0BK5LBsElYq0XAnF0zSA+Q6aAW0LgskSCWySLRfAFHNvBqw4GSaRugveHb7gkPy7HAchkfzKVtRYeDFurvR6itEkJ+EuihDuQybXvv51CYk70nBvnd5eo3xSPLwjHJhA67SLDMguMCBr7PqJ08JAUSGr3bIzg2IzQtIsQMmMGQqPENe4P/IQj1EgNF9QpkDnrIcFakJO4KgW55WhW5ZZc/UTC7S6zOHUFYQu00jkXJBek58cwCw/Rapy4ps4B4ynatauON1Zhh/jaeXyiBXmDXnMUV3n2xBbL0agqVqvIuzB1jVpd5LOvV7kYtD6e9F3k95ZitOcdP5bJZLJ/0jt8gFxC/uNtrQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"University of Glasgow","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rolan","middleName":"","lastName":"Mansour","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-03-19 20:36:08","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6264378/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6264378/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":78964708,"identity":"166b3523-910f-4fb8-993b-e34df1b80cc7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-21 12:33:01","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1563579,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"DrRolanMansourJournalpaper.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6264378/v1_covered_75dd8abe-9d60-4847-8b79-1d449a7ef444.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eFlexible Wireless Microsystem for Implantable Photodynamic Therapy in Bladder Cancer Treatment\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"University of Glasgow","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Photodynamic therapy, bladder cancer, Urothelial carcinoma, microsystem, Parylene C, flexible, implantable, wireless and biomedical device, photosensitizers, micro-LED, singlet oxygen","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6264378/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6264378/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eCancer is a highly prevalent disease and the incidence is rising in the developing nations. 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