High cycle fatigue limit prediction of machining foreign object damaged TC17 titanium specimen based on the theory of critical distance

High cycle fatigue limit prediction of machining foreign object damaged TC17 titanium specimen based on the theory of critical distance | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article High cycle fatigue limit prediction of machining foreign object damaged TC17 titanium specimen based on the theory of critical distance Kainan Lu, Yibo Shang, Chen Wang, Bin Li, Xiaosheng Zhang, Lingfeng Wang, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5311936/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 04 Jun, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Aircraft engine fans and compressor blades are inevitably subject to external damage during service. It’s an important work to predict the high cycle fatigue limit of foreign object damaged blades. In this paper, machining aerofoil specimen were manufactured to simulate the foreign object damaged blade, and the high cycle fatigue limit of machining foreign object damaged TC17 titanium aerofoil specimen were tested at 3×10 7 cycles, and a high cycle fatigue limit prediction model of machining foreign object damaged TC17 titanium aerofoil specimen was built based on the theory of critical distance, and compared with the Peterson model. The prediction error is 9.56%±6.78% for theory of critical distance model and 59.76%±16.93% for Peterson model. The accuracy of fatigue limit prediction on notched samples using theory of critical distance model is much higher than that of Peterson model, and the theory of critical distance method model is more efficient to evaluate the fatigue strength of notched blade. Physical sciences/Energy science and technology Physical sciences/Engineering Physical sciences/Materials science titanium alloy foreign object damage high cycle fatigue limit the theory of critical distance Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 04 Jun, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 24 Feb, 2025 Reviews received at journal 17 Jan, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Jan, 2025 Reviews received at journal 26 Nov, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 Nov, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 14 Nov, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 11 Nov, 2024 Editor invited by journal 08 Nov, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 08 Nov, 2024 First submitted to journal 22 Oct, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5311936","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":378958185,"identity":"a21ed270-2fe7-4625-9754-f5d91732bd7b","order_by":0,"name":"Kainan Lu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kainan","middleName":"","lastName":"Lu","suffix":""},{"id":378958186,"identity":"dbab856f-79c6-4851-b218-bb6dc4e9a24a","order_by":1,"name":"Yibo Shang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAz0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCeYGBsYGIIO9sfHhB+K0MEK18BxuNpYgTYtEepsADzE6+GcD3fNzh12efOTDNgYJBjs53QZCltw52GzMeya52PB2YtuDAoZkY7MDhKy5kdgmzdjGnLhxdmK7gQTDgcRthLTI30hs//mzrT5x48yDbRI8xGgxANrCwNt2OHG+BCORWgyBfpHmbTueuIEnERjIBkT4Re5288GPP9uqE+e3H3/48EOFnRxh78NdCFZpQKxyEJBvIEX1KBgFo2AUjCgAAM+GSTUW17/aAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Air Force Engineering University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yibo","middleName":"","lastName":"Shang","suffix":""},{"id":378958187,"identity":"2efdbaa7-d0a6-440c-920d-278d356b24b1","order_by":2,"name":"Chen Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Air Force Engineering University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chen","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":378958188,"identity":"93d40ad6-2ec5-4682-b1bc-a649afd2367c","order_by":3,"name":"Bin 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2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":146032,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe manufactured specimen (a) front view (b) rear view (c) left view (d) vertical view\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5311936/v1/62b847d066dfd06127f2a510.png"},{"id":69857827,"identity":"51c82fae-ad60-4f63-a8cc-ca23c86a3e94","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-11-26 04:03:09","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":84244,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe shape of notch\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5311936/v1/79f433ae6bd6d983b183aa30.png"},{"id":69857828,"identity":"34bd6bdb-e19a-4047-b8b4-826070602c3d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-11-26 04:03:09","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":178844,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe position and type of notch (a) the notch position (b) notch type Ⅰ (c) notch type Ⅱ (d) notch type Ⅲ\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5311936/v1/6568098b7ae51ea022c6a06e.png"},{"id":69857836,"identity":"5538e59a-7d4c-481e-a4ca-5c77b4f2179b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-11-26 04:03:10","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":138879,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe mesh of aerofoil specimen (a) the complete specimen (b) the notched specimen\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5311936/v1/1c3d77397b9084e84253c3bf.png"},{"id":69858305,"identity":"b154e4e0-e95a-42d0-aafb-62ebb4d3e89e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-11-26 04:11:10","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":179385,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe mesh of aerofoil specimen (a) the complete specimen (b) the notched specimen of type I (c) the notched specimen of type II (d) the notched specimen of type III\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5311936/v1/d104bb53c3d36b0af94f32f8.png"},{"id":69858307,"identity":"e5d9d64f-881d-4b18-8d79-e798ed16daeb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-11-26 04:11:10","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":429698,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe HCF test (a) vibration test bench (b) the fixture (c) the strain gauge location (d) the strain 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results\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5311936/v1/5d1928a32da1af49984f4464.png"},{"id":69857834,"identity":"78137f44-af79-4e42-8b78-f0ab09222ab7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-11-26 04:03:10","extension":"png","order_by":10,"title":"Figure 10","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":75570,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe HCF limit tested\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5311936/v1/b9b0e1d0f575385fff8dc1a4.png"},{"id":69858308,"identity":"b4045a82-aa25-480f-96b1-c244540019bb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-11-26 04:11:10","extension":"png","order_by":11,"title":"Figure 11","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":277939,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSchematic diagram of fatigue limit prediction model based on TCD\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5311936/v1/c41f197e12d5166fa9ab9474.png"},{"id":69858304,"identity":"5b8a60d1-08ac-4d69-be22-498b1ebbcf01","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-11-26 04:11:09","extension":"png","order_by":12,"title":"Figure 12","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":117950,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eComparison of the predicted results with the test results for different models\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5311936/v1/05aeff3daae4662f924b461d.png"},{"id":84242676,"identity":"2fae3a3f-7e74-4a73-aaa9-98132028c199","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-09 16:11:14","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1020907,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5311936/v1_covered_123162ef-6746-4223-b6e4-b32a15b6ff46.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"High cycle fatigue limit prediction of machining foreign object damaged TC17 titanium specimen based on the theory of critical distance","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"titanium alloy, foreign object damage, high cycle fatigue limit, the theory of critical distance","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5311936/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5311936/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eAircraft engine fans and compressor blades are inevitably subject to external damage during service. It\u0026rsquo;s an important work to predict the high cycle fatigue limit of foreign object damaged blades. In this paper, machining aerofoil specimen were manufactured to simulate the foreign object damaged blade, and the high cycle fatigue limit of machining foreign object damaged TC17 titanium aerofoil specimen were tested at 3\u0026times;10\u003csup\u003e7\u003c/sup\u003e cycles, and a high cycle fatigue limit prediction model of machining foreign object damaged TC17 titanium aerofoil specimen was built based on the theory of critical distance, and compared with the Peterson model. The prediction error is 9.56%\u0026plusmn;6.78% for theory of critical distance model and 59.76%\u0026plusmn;16.93% for Peterson model. The accuracy of fatigue limit prediction on notched samples using theory of critical distance model is much higher than that of Peterson model, and the theory of critical distance method model is more efficient to evaluate the fatigue strength of notched blade.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"High cycle fatigue limit prediction of machining foreign object damaged TC17 titanium specimen based on the theory of critical distance","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-11-26 04:03:04","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5311936/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-02-24T06:54:13+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-01-17T11:44:12+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"250568082865671624359842076245900654287","date":"2025-01-09T09:04:24+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-11-26T18:34:36+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"89287843269866279155089824123616004198","date":"2024-11-16T20:47:23+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-11-14T05:13:57+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-11-12T03:57:25+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2024-11-08T19:15:35+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-11-08T06:59:28+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2024-10-22T12:45:50+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"764459c3-c7de-454a-8846-ef21cba644ab","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 26th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":40354805,"name":"Physical sciences/Energy science and technology"},{"id":40354806,"name":"Physical sciences/Engineering"},{"id":40354807,"name":"Physical sciences/Materials science"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-06-09T16:05:27+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-5311936","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03449-y","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2025-06-04 15:57:13","publishedOnDateReadable":"June 4th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-11-26 04:03:04","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-025-03449-y","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03449-y","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5311936","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5311936","identity":"rs-5311936","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}