Multisurface Super-twisting Sliding Mode Control for DFIG systems: Robust and Low-complexity Solution for Time-varying Disturbance

Multisurface Super-twisting Sliding Mode Control for DFIG systems: Robust and Low-complexity Solution for Time-varying Disturbance | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Multisurface Super-twisting Sliding Mode Control for DFIG systems: Robust and Low-complexity Solution for Time-varying Disturbance Sejin Lee, Gyeongjun Kim, Duehee Lee, Youngsung Kwon This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7399710/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 27 Nov, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 12 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Wind energy has emerged as a key contributor to global decarbonization, with megawatt-class doubly fed induction generators(DFIGs) playing a central role in modern wind turbine systems owing to their high efficiency and controllability. However, conventional sliding mode control (SMC) strategies, including the super-twisting SMC (STSMC), often exhibit limited adaptability and high chattering when exposed to rapidly changing environmental and grid disturbances. In this study, we developed a novel multisurface super-twisting sliding mode control (MSSTSMC) approach that enhances system robustness without increasing structural complexity. By overlapping multiple sliding surfaces, the controller dynamically adjusts its response to disturbance intensity in real time. Comprehensive simulations were conducted for a 2-MW grid-connected DFIG system under step and turbulent wind profiles, severe parameter variations (up to 180%), and time-varying grid frequency fluctuations. The MSSTSMC outperformed the conventional SMC, STSMC, and disturbance-observer-based STSMC. Further, it achieved up to 37% lower active power tracking error and faster convergence times (< 0.75 s), while maintaining a low computational footprint. These results demonstrate that the MSSTSMC offers a practical, scalable, and computationally efficient solution for high-performance wind energy systems operating under dynamic conditions, thereby contributing to a more stable and reliable renewable power generation. Physical sciences/Energy science and technology Physical sciences/Engineering Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 27 Nov, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 16 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 13 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 10 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 07 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 07 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 07 Sep, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 07 Sep, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 29 Aug, 2025 Editor invited by journal 29 Aug, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 21 Aug, 2025 First submitted to journal 21 Aug, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7399710","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":513292529,"identity":"45f96763-54bd-4a1f-a117-38a89cdd6944","order_by":0,"name":"Sejin Lee","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Handong Global University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sejin","middleName":"","lastName":"Lee","suffix":""},{"id":513292530,"identity":"95d409ac-b63b-4753-8ad0-d29610c02bb4","order_by":1,"name":"Gyeongjun Kim","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Handong Global University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gyeongjun","middleName":"","lastName":"Kim","suffix":""},{"id":513292531,"identity":"4499b9fd-51c4-4655-8e08-b6c406f2e4b7","order_by":2,"name":"Duehee Lee","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Konkuk University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Duehee","middleName":"","lastName":"Lee","suffix":""},{"id":513292532,"identity":"38984d0b-984f-4020-98b4-12df2c11035b","order_by":3,"name":"Youngsung Kwon","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABDUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYHADNhBhkwAkDCACB4jTkka6lsOEtRgc7zF7+OXP4Tx5B7Y0iY87zufxz27e+LjgF4Mc340E7FrOnDE3lm07XGx4gO2Y5Mwzt4sl7hwrNp7Zx2AsiUvLjRwzacmGw4kbG9jbbvO23U5sAInw9jAkbsCnReIPXMu5xPlQLfX4tEh+YDucOJ+B7RhQywGg4UAtPD8YEgxwaJE8c6xMmrEtPXEDM1v6z5ltyYkbb6QVG/M2SBjOPPMAqxa+483bJH/8sU6c395mbPCxzS5x3o3kjY95/tjI8x3HbovCAQYGZh6QCw8jCzO2SWBVDgLyDUD5H1AGEviDU8coGAWjYBSMPAAA0TBrO+l3WhcAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Handong Global University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Youngsung","middleName":"","lastName":"Kwon","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-08-18 12:23:29","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7399710/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7399710/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-29985-1","type":"published","date":"2025-11-27T15:57:44+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":97178695,"identity":"5703d7c1-8be7-459c-a337-ac935b28a025","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-01 16:12:50","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2031566,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"RevisedManuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7399710/v1_covered_494039f8-78de-46d3-bb8b-de53ca88cb1b.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Multisurface Super-twisting Sliding Mode Control for DFIG systems: Robust and Low-complexity Solution for Time-varying Disturbance","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7399710/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7399710/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Wind energy has emerged as a key contributor to global decarbonization, with megawatt-class doubly fed induction generators(DFIGs) playing a central role in modern wind turbine systems owing to their high efficiency and controllability. However, conventional sliding mode control (SMC) strategies, including the super-twisting SMC (STSMC), often exhibit limited adaptability and high chattering when exposed to rapidly changing environmental and grid disturbances. In this study, we developed a novel multisurface super-twisting sliding mode control (MSSTSMC) approach that enhances system robustness without increasing structural complexity. By overlapping multiple sliding surfaces, the controller dynamically adjusts its response to disturbance intensity in real time. Comprehensive simulations were conducted for a 2-MW grid-connected DFIG system under step and turbulent wind profiles, severe parameter variations (up to 180%), and time-varying grid frequency fluctuations. The MSSTSMC outperformed the conventional SMC, STSMC, and disturbance-observer-based STSMC. Further, it achieved up to 37% lower active power tracking error and faster convergence times (\u003c 0.75 s), while maintaining a low computational footprint. These results demonstrate that the MSSTSMC offers a practical, scalable, and computationally efficient solution for high-performance wind energy systems operating under dynamic conditions, thereby contributing to a more stable and reliable renewable power generation.","manuscriptTitle":"Multisurface Super-twisting Sliding Mode Control for DFIG systems: Robust and Low-complexity Solution for Time-varying Disturbance","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-09-12 06:28:25","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7399710/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-09-16T05:47:46+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"264857724523985992180718493892754926593","date":"2025-09-15T12:42:56+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-09-13T22:10:05+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-09-10T20:20:27+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"44608672905085545886733861673018327966","date":"2025-09-07T12:23:01+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"148177080142714890310125644362356083869","date":"2025-09-07T10:55:48+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"68699767718433587755951303640030524062","date":"2025-09-07T05:47:56+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-09-07T05:23:30+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-08-29T07:33:46+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-08-29T07:24:12+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-08-21T05:46:51+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2025-08-21T05:45:15+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"9178a29f-b449-4774-8423-1be83bbaa690","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 12th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":54530997,"name":"Physical sciences/Energy science and technology"},{"id":54530998,"name":"Physical sciences/Engineering"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-01T16:06:16+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7399710","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-29985-1","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2025-11-27 15:57:44","publishedOnDateReadable":"November 27th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-09-12 06:28:25","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-025-29985-1","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-29985-1","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7399710","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7399710","identity":"rs-7399710","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}