Assessment of Bacterial Hand Contamination and Associated Factors Among Food Handlers Working in Catering Establishments of Hosanna Town, Hadiya Zone, South Ethiopia, 2023

Assessment of Bacterial Hand Contamination and Associated Factors Among Food Handlers Working in Catering Establishments of Hosanna Town, Hadiya Zone, South Ethiopia, 2023 | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Assessment of Bacterial Hand Contamination and Associated Factors Among Food Handlers Working in Catering Establishments of Hosanna Town, Hadiya Zone, South Ethiopia, 2023 Ashenafi Woime This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4095831/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background: - Hands are the major source of contamination, which can never be totally free of microorganisms, especially bacteria. Food can become contaminated by dirty hands if there is a lack of proper hygiene among the food handlers when handling food. Human hands are in regular contact with the surrounding environment, and a variety of pathogens can reach the mucous membranes in the mouth, nose, eyes, and genitals of humans through the hands and consequently contribute to foodborne illness outbreaks . Objective: This study assessed bacterial hand contamination and associated factors among food handlers working in catering establishments in Hossana Town, South Ethiopia. Method: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among food handlers at catering establishments in Hosanna town, Hadiya zone, South Ethiopia, from March 2023 to May 2023. A stratified random sampling technique was employed to allocate study participants into their catering establishment, and then a random sampling technique was applied to recruit participants. After getting signed consent, a structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic and potential risk factors. Data was entered using EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed using the SPSS version 20 statistical package, and descriptive statistics were used to describe variables. Chi-square was used to identify factors associated with the outcome variable. Result: The overall prevalence of bacterial positivity is 18/156 (11.5%), and among the identified bacterial isolates, 10/156 (6.4%) were Staphylococcus aurous, followed by Escherichia coli (5/156 (3.2%)), and 3/156 (1.9%) were Salmonella typhi. The isolated pathogens had associations with those who were not trained in food preparation and handling, those who had no clean nails observed, poor hand washing after sneezing, poor hand washing after touching waste, and those who had no habit of hand washing after latrine usage (defecation) (p < 0.001). The finding implies the need for strengthening the personal hygiene and redressal training of food handlers on personal hygiene guidelines to improve practice during food processing. Bacterial Hand Contamination Food Handlers catering establishments and Hossana. Figures Figure 1 1. Introduction 1.1 Background of the study Hands are the major source of contamination, which can never be totally free of microorganism especially bacteria. Food can become contaminated via dirty hands if there is lack of proper hygiene among the food handlers when handling food. Human hands are in regular contact with the surrounding environment and a variety of pathogens can reach the mucous membranes in the mouth, nose, eyes and genitals of human being through the hands and consequently contribute to food borne illness outbreaks . This research was designed to determine the level of bacterial hand contamination and associated factors among food handlers working in different catering establishments of Hossana Town. Total of 156 samples will be collected from the palm of food handlers of 83 Tea/Snack houses, 54 Cafeterias and Restaurants, and 19 Hotelin which each sample obtained will becultured, bacteria isolated, identified and characterized according to standard procedure. 1.2 Statement of the problem Just like many other African countries, food borne illnesses are prevalent in Ethiopia and the loss of human life and suffering is enormous. Epidemiologic data related to food-borne diseases are inadequate in Ethiopia. But it can be evidenced that these are very common in the country because of many reasons including poverty, lack of awareness, poor water supply, poor personal hygiene and environmental sanitation, etc. According to the 2016-2017 “Health and Health related Indicators” published by the Planning and Programming Department of the Federal Ministry of Health of Ethiopia, Helminthic infections were the second leading cause of outpatient visits, Dysentery and different parasitic infections were also among the ten top causes of outpatient visits, Dysentery was among the leading causes of hospital admissions and deaths, Typhoid fever, acute diarrheal diseases, bloody diarrhea and anthrax were reported as some of the major causes of outbreaks [1]. It is known that food handlers are a common source of food borne diseases. The practice of good personal hygiene is essential for anyone who handles food, especially in food and drink establishments where many customers could potentially be affected. A sick food handler with symptoms of diarrhea, eye and ear discharges, skin infections, open cuts and wounds, or coughing should not continue working. They must be treated and be completely recovered before returning to work [2]. Despite the increasing number of food in catering establishments no study has been conducted on bacterial hand contamination and associated risk factors in Hossana Town, Haddiya Zone. 1.3 Significance of the study Since there is no research done in Hossana town before, this study expected to draw attention to identifications of bacterial hand contamination of food handlers in food establishments. The finding will help concerned body and the owner to give emphasis and to allocate resources to improve the overall repair and sanitary conditions of premises and empowering and equipping food handlers with safe food handling practice working with in the catering establishments. 2. Literature review Food related infections constitute an important public health problem in both developed and developing countries [3]. The problem is severe in developing countries due to difficulties in securing optimal hygienic food handling practices. In developing countries, up to an estimated 70% of cases of diarrheal disease are associated with the consumption of contaminated food [4]. The World Health Organization estimates 16 million new cases and 600,000 deaths of typhoid fever were each year worldwide [5]. Several studies have demonstrated that food handlers harbor S. typhi asymptomatically [6]. One of the historically notorious examples is that of the American cook “Typhoid Mary” (Mary Malon) who was responsible for 7 epidemics of typhoid fever affecting more than 200 persons [7]. Accordingly, food handlers with poor personal hygiene and inadequate knowledge working in food serving establishments could be potential sources of infections of many enteropathogenic bacteria and parasites [8, 9]. Likewise, food handlers who harbor enteropathogenic bacteria may contaminate foods with their feces via their fingers, which in turn lead to food processing, and finally to infection of consumers [10]. Compared to other parts of the hand, the area beneath fingernails harbors many microorganisms and is difficult to clean [11]. More aggravated situations and challenges prevail in Ethiopia where food safety issues are not well understood and have received little attention. Moreover, the cases of food-borne illnesses are rarely investigated in detail and under reported even if diagnosed in the form of outbreak or individual illness. In addition to these, research in the area of identifying the causative agent and food incriminated is also at its infant stage because of lack of well-developed laboratory system, consumables and reagents for isolation identification and lack of coordinated epidemiological surveillance systems. The aim of this study is therefore, to assess the prevalence of bacterial hand contaminations and associated factors among food handlers in Hossana Town. 2.1. Conceptual Framework 3. OBJECTIVES 3.1. General Objective The aim of this study was to assess bacterial hand contaminationand its associated factors among food handlers in catering establishments of Hossana town, Haddiya zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2023. 3.2. Specific Objectives 1. To assess bacterial hand contamination of food handlers in catering establishments in Hossana town, Haddiya zone, southern Ethiopia 2. To identify factors associated with bacterial hand contamination of food handlers in catering establishments of Hossana town, Haddiya zone, Southern Ethiopia 4. Methods and Materials 4.1. Study Area and Period The study conducted in Hossana town, South Ethiopia. It is located 232 km from Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia and 170 km from Hawassa, capital of SNNPR. The study will be conducted from March, 2023 to May, 2023. 4.2. Study Design Community based cross sectional study design was applied. 4.3. Source Population and Study Population All food handlers from a selected catering establishment in Hossana Town which has license will be study subjects, and all food handlers, who are engaged in food preparation, serving, andcleaning and reported to have never used any antimicrobial in the last 2 weeks and during the study period will be studied. 4.5. Study participants The study participants were purposively selected from the catering establishment one from Kitchen and one from waiters. 4.6. Inclusion and Exclusion criteria Inclusion criteria All study participant who are worked for at least for 6 months in the establishment and all food handlers who are reported to have never used any antimicrobial in the last 2 weeks and during the study period and working in food catering establishments such as hotels, cafeterias, restaurants, tea/snack house, fruit and juice house will be included in the study. Licensed food establishments included in order to find the actual information for this study and these establishments also expected to provide food service for large people. Exclusion criteria Severely ill participants and those who were on medication excluded from this study. Food handlers in drinking service establishment and non-licensed Street food vendors or hawkers will be excluded. Food handlers working in drinking service establishment excluded because the risk of getting disease caused by bacterial contamination is high in food catering establishments than establishment that give only drinking service. In addition, Food handlers who have skin irritation, eczema, and inflammation will be excluded in the study, and all those people who are not willing to participate in the study will be excluded. Participants with a history of using antibiotic(s) 2 weeks prior to the study were excluded. 4.7. Sample size determination The sample size will be calculated using a single population proportion formula 4.8. Sampling techniques According to Hossana Town Trade and Investment bureau (2016) there were 121 tea house, 78 café and restaurants, and 27 hotel. To select representative participants, the final sample size proportionally allocated to each stratum, and food handlers selected using simple random sampling technique. As a result, one food handler selected randomly from each catering establishment. Accordingly, 83, 54 and 19 participants included from selected tea house, café and restaurant and hotels respectively for the study. 4.9. Sampling Procedures From each strata the catering establishment was selected randomly and the data collectors prepared a frame based on the strata, 4.10. Data Collection Tools and Procedures A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data relating to socio-demographic characteristics, and personal hygiene practices of food handlers, life style and behavioral, work related factors. The questionnaire developed from validated tools [14-16] and prepared in English and translated in to Amharic and observational checklist also used to get supplement data. Five sanitarians and four medical laboratory professionals was selected for data collection. Before starting any meal preparation activity including hand washing (if any), participant’s hands were sampled for microbial testing. Notification not given in advance, and extra hand hygiene not allowed during data collection. 4.12. Laboratory data 4.12.1. Sample collection and transport and inoculation Sterile cotton swabs (Puritan Low-Lint Cylindrical Tip) were prepared and dipped into saline-containing sterile test tubes to collect samples from the fingernails and palm of the hand. Using these moistened cotton swabs, fingernail contents were collected from both hands of each subject by rubbing all over the surface under the nails. These samples were kept with normal saline in a test tube and transported to Hosanna College of health science laboratory by cold chain about 4 0 C. The swab was simultaneously inoculated on MacConkey agar for the growth of gram negative bacteria and manitol Salt agar for staphylococcal bacteria. Then the remaining sample subjected for gram staining to get clue information about the gram reaction. All samples were cultured on same day of collection. 4.12.2. Bacterial identification All of the samples were inoculated onto MacConkey agar (Oxoid, Hampshire, UK) and Manitol salt agar (Oxoid, Hampshire, UK) . After 24 h of incubation at 37 0 C, colony characteristics of the isolates and gram stain were performed then the species of the bacteria were identified following standard procedures using biochemical tests such as catalase, Coagulase, indole, motility, triple sugar iron agar, citrate, and urea (Vandepitte and Verhaegen, 2003). 4.13. Study Variables Dependent variable Bacterial hand contamination. 4.14. Operational definition of selected variables Bacterial hand contamination : presence of one or more potential food borne bacterial hand contaminants Food borne diseases - intoxication, infection, or illness contracted by the consumption of contaminated food Food handler - a person who is engaged in the process of food preparing, serving, and cleaning etc. Potential food borne bacterial contaminants – bacterial pathogens that can cause food contamination or spoilage Personal hygiene - refers to those protection measures primarily with the responsibility of the individual, which promote and limit the spread of infectious disease, like hand washing using soap and water, keep body clean etc. 4.15. Data quality management To manage the quality of the work SOP strictly followed during processing of each sample. All the instruments used for sample processing checked for proper functioning as far quality control strains of S. aureus (ATCC 6538) was used. Data consistency and completeness will be made all the way during data collection, data entry and analysis. Culture Medias was prepared based on the manufactures instruction. The sterility of culture media was checked by incubating 3% of the batch at 35 – 37 o c overnight. Those Media which showed any growth was discarded. 4.16. Data Processing and Analysis The data was entered into Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed by using SPSS version 20 (Copyright (c) SPSS Inc., 1997-2007, Polar Engineering and Consulting.) computer software. Data will be organized, summarized, and presented in simple descriptive Statistical methods. Chi-square test was used for checking any possible association between various categorical variables, and p-value<0.05 considered as significant. 4.17. Ethical Consideration Ethical clearance obtained from Hossana College of Health Sciences Research and Ethics publication Committee (RPC) to conduct the study, and permission to conduct the was obtained from Hossana Town municipality council. Further Permission also obtained from the owners of the Catering establishments and written consent was obtained from each study participants. Confidentiality of the data maintained by making the data collectors aware not to record any identification information found on the card. For those who are carrier of permanent intrinsic pathogens appropriate referral linkage will be suggested 4.18. Dissemination Plan The finding of the study will be disseminated to different stakeholders such as Hossana Town Trade and Investment bureau, Municipality, and other relevant offices. 5. RESULTS 5.1. Characteristics of study participants A total of 156 individuals participated in this study, with a response rate of 100%. Among them, 53.8% were female and 48.8% were aged between 20–24 years (mean age 22.92 ± 4.67 years and median 22 years). The majorities (69.2%) of the participants were single and 65.4% were completed primary school, followed by secondary school (23.1%). More than half of participants 56.4% were included from Café and restaurants and 34% were from Tea and breakfast. The majority were 64.1% of the study participants were engaged in waiter and 34% were worked in food preparation in kitchen. The majority of food handlers (77.6%) had 1–2 years of work experience. Out of the total participants, 15.5% were certified for training in food handling and preparation and 62.7% had previously undergone a medical check- up including stool examination (Table 1 ) Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics of study participants Socio-demo variables Category Frequency (n = 156) Valid Percent Marital status single Married 108 69.2 48 30.8 Educational levelIlliterate Primary (grade 1–6) Secondary (9–10) Diploma & above 8 5.1 102 65.4 36 23.1 10 6.4 Preparing food Type of workwaitering Washing 53 34.0 100 64.1 3 1.9 Type of catering Hotel Café and Restourant Tea and break fast 15 9.6 88 53 56.4 34.0 sexMale Female 72 84 46.2 53.8 25 64 41.0 72 48.8 17 10.2 Total 156 100 5.1.1. Prevalence of isolated bacteria from hand swabs of food handlers The overall prevalence of bacterial positivity is 18/156 (11.5%) and among the identified bacterial isolates 10/156 (6.4%) were Staphylococcus aurous followed by Escherichia coli 5/156 (3.2%) and 3/156 (1.9%) were Salmonella typhi as shown in Table 2 . Table 2 Prevalence of isolated bacteria among food handlers in catering establishment Bacteria Number Percent E.coli 5 3.2 S.aurous 10 6.4 S.typhi 3 1.9 No bacteria identified" 138 88.5 Total 156 100 Among the all bacterial isolates positivity 11/72 (3.5%) were males and 14/108 (13.9%) were single. Among all positivity 7/64 (10.9%) were less than 20 years old and 15/102 (14.7%) were completed primary education as summarized in Table 3 . 5.1.2. Distribution of isolated bacteria among different variables With regard to hand-washing practices, 80.2% of food handlers reported that they had a habit of hand-washing after using the toilet. And also, most of the food handlers reported that they had a habit of hand-washing after touching different parts of their body (hair, nose, and ears) between handling food items Table 4 . Pathogen prevalence and associated risk factors As shown in Table 4 , 18 (11.5%) of the hand swab specimens tested positive for bacterial isolates. S.aourus (n = 10; 6.4%) had a higher frequency compared to E.coli (n = 5; 3.2%) and S.typhi (n = 3 (1.9%), while no pathogen was isolated from the swabs of 148 (88.5%) participants. Different factors were assessed for a possible association with pathogen infections among the study participants (Tables 2 and 4 ). The highest proportion of infection was seen among the age group of < 20 years no statistically significant as shown in Table 3 . All of the isolated pathogens were from those who were not trained in food preparation and handling. As illustrated in Table 4 , the isolation rate of potential food-borne bacteria in swab samples was relatively higher among food handlers who had served for more than 8 hours (n = 15; 15.7%, P = 0.095) and higher among those who had no clean nail observed (n = 13; 35.5%) and statistically significant as shown Table 4 . Regarding the habit of hand-washing after defecation, 80.2% had habit of hand washing after defecation. Among them 1.6% were positive and 98.4% were negative for pathogens. Among the respondents who had no habit of hand-washing after defecation (19.8% of the study population), 51.6% were positive and 48.4% were negative for pathogens. Therefore, the highest bacterial infection rate was observed in participants who had no habit of hand washing after latrine usage (defecation) and it is statistically significant (p < 0.001) (Table 4 ). Table 3 The distribution of bacterial positivity by socio-demographic variables using chi-square Variables Bacterial positivity P value Negative Positive Total Sex Male 61 11(3.5%) 72 0.176 Female 77 7(3.4%) 84 Marital status Single 94 14(13.9%) 108 0.404 Married 44 4 (8.3%) 48 Age group 25 years 14 0 (0%) 14 Educational level Illiterate 8 0(6.4%) 8 0.294 Primary 87 15(14.7%) 102 Secondary 33 3(8.3%) 36 Diploma & above 10 0 10 Type of catering Hotel 15 0 15 0.336 Café and Restaurant 77 11 (12.5%) 88 Tea & breakfast 46 7 (13.5%) 53 Type of task Food preparation 49 4 (7.5%) 53 0.008 Waiter 88 12 (12.0%) 100 Washing dish 1 2 (66.7%) 3 Total 148 18(11.5%) 156 Table 4 The distribution of bacterial positivity by different variables using chi-square Variables Category Bacterial positivity P value Negative Positive Total Smoking Yes 2 0 2 0.607 No 136 18 154 Alcohol drinking Yes 12 1(7.7%) 13 0.650 No 126 17 (11.9%) 143 Respondent trend of touching hair or nose during food preparation Yes 6 0 6 0.367 No 132 18 (12%) 150 Respondent trend of touching mobile phone during food preparation Yes 33 3 (8.3%) 36 No 105 15 (12.5) 120 Work load 12hrs 17 0 17 Training Yes 27 1 (3.6%) 28 0.145 No 111 17 (13.3%) 128 Awareness on food born disease Yes 87 3 (3.3%) 90 < 0.001 No 51 15 (22.7%) 66 Hand washing after toilet Yes 123 2 (1.6) 125 < 0.001 No 15 16 (51.6%) 31 Hand washing before starting food preparation Yes 127 6 (4.5%) < 0.001 No 11 12 (52.2%) Hand washing after sneezing Yes 124 6 (4.6%) 130 < 0.001 No 14 12(46.2%) 26 Hand washing after touching waste Yes 129 5(3.7%) < 0.001 No 9 13(59.1%) touching food by your bare hand during waitery Yes 69 4 (5.5%) 73 0.026 No 69 14 (16.9%) 83 Hand washing area clean Yes 114 4(3.8%) 118 < 0.001 No 24 14 (36.8%) 38 Clean nail Yes 114 5 < 0.001 No 24 13(35.1%) Total 148 18 156 6. DISCUSSION Food handlers are an important vehicle for microorganisms, and improper handling practices may cause food contamination and consequently food-borne diseases, which pose a potential risk to public health [17]. Published information about food-borne pathogens among food handlers is scarce in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was undertaken to assess the prevalence and associated factors of bacterial isolates among food handlers in catering establishments at Hossana town in the south Ethiopia. Hand swab cultures of 18 (11.5%) food handlers were positive for pathogenic bacterial species. This finding is similar to those of previous studies performed in Ethiopia from Arba Minch, Ethiopia which the reported isolation rate was 10%) [20]. However, the result is higher than to those reported from Gondar 3.1% [18] and 3.5% in Addis Ababa (19) and the finding was lower than studies from Abuja, Nigeria (62.6%) (21) and Omdurman, Sudan (30.1%) (22). The discrepancies may be due to differences in technique of pathogen isolation, the type of study participant, and the sample size. This rate of detection in the present study indicates that the hygiene conditions of the food handlers were challenged, due to the isolation of enteric pathogens like Salmonella and E.coli from the hand swab cultures. Good hygiene practices, both personal and in food handling, are the basis of preventing the transmission of pathogens from food handling personnel to consumers (18). Hand swab cultures revealed the isolation of Salmonella typhi from 1.9%, E. coli 3.2% and S.aurous 6.4% of food handlers in the present study. This figure is comparable to that reported among food handlers at Gondar University cafeteria by Dagnew et al. (2.7%) (23), at Gondar town by Andargie et al. (3.1%) (20), and at Arba Minch University by Mam et al. (3%) (18). The present study demonstrated a higher rate of isolation compared to reports from Hawassa, Ethiopia (0.4%), Sudan (1.3%), and Jordan (1.4%) (22, 23, 24). This may be due to differences in technique, the type of study participants, and the sample size. 7. CONCLUSION A total of 156 individuals participated in this study, with a response rate of 100%. The overall prevalence of bacterial positivity is 18/156 (11.5%) and among the identified bacterial isolates 10/156 (6.4%) were Staphylococcus aurous followed by Escherichia coli 5/156 (3.2%) and 3/156 (1.9%) were Salmonella typhi . The isolated pathogens had association from those who were not trained in food preparation and handling, those who had no clean nail observed (n = 13; 35.5%), Poor Hand washing after sneezing, Poor Hand washing after touching waste and who had no habit of hand washing after latrine usage (defecation) (p < 0.001) 8. Recommendations The Survey finding Imphy the need for strengthening the Personal Hygiene and refreshment training of Food handlers on Personal Hygiene guidelines to improve practice during food processing. Promote optimal hand washing at critical times and hand washing facilities located near the latrine Hosanna town health unit office should inspect and intervene the health and health related problems of food and drinks establishment Urban Health Extension Workers should increase their effort to create awareness on personal Hygiene during food preparation and handling through information, Education and communication food and drinks establishment workers. Promising effort must be started by the Municipality, Zonal health department, kebele administrative and Urban health extension workers by strengthening and organizing more effective and strengthening supervision, control and providing awareness creation activities to the community and food and drink establishment. Abbreviations ATCC -American Type Culture Collection RPC- Research and Ethics publication Committee SNNPR- Southern Nation Nationality Peoples’ Region WHO- World Health Organization Declarations Author Contribution ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSMy special gratitude and heartfelt thank goes to Hossana Health Science College Research and Publication Core Process for facilitation of this research paper. I would like to thank my advisors Mr. Rebie Kedir and Mr. Andualem Girma for their unreserved help in the process of this paper. I would like also to thank Shemsedin Mohammed for his support during data collection. Finally I also thank all the respondents who were participated in this study, data collectors and Hosanna Municipal council. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My special gratitude and heartfelt thank goes to Hossana Health Science College Research and Publication Core Process for facilitation of this research paper. I would like to thank my advisors Mr. Rebie Kedir and Mr. Andualem Girma for their unreserved help in the process of this paper. I would like also to thank Shemsedin Mohammed for his support during data collection. Finally I also thank all the respondents who were participated in this study, data collectors and Hosanna Municipal council. References Health and Health Related Indicators, Planning and Programming Department, FMOH; /2017 WHO: WHO commission on health and Environmental report of the panel on food and agriculture; 1992. Jacob M (1989) Safe food handling: a training guide for managers in food service establishments. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. World Health Organization (2000) Food borne Disease: A focus for Health Education. WHO (2003) Manual for the laboratory identifcation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacterial pathogens of public health concern in the developing world. World Health Organization, Geneva. 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Prevalence of intestinal parasites, Salmonella and Shigella among apparently health food handlers of Addis Ababa University student’s cafeteria, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Res Note 2015;8:17. Ifeadike O, Ironkwel OC, Adogu POU, Nnebue CC, et al. Prevalence and pattern of bacteria and intestinal parasites among food handlers in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria. Nigerian Med J 2012;53:1166–71. Saeeda AH, Hamid HH. Bacteriological and parasitological assessment of food handlers in the Omdurman area of Sudan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2010;43 (1):70–3. Mulat D, Moges T, Feleke M, Mucheye G. Bacterial profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among food handlers at Gondar University Cafeteria, Northwest Ethiopia. J Infect Dis Ther 2013;1:105. Desta M, Asrat D, Weldeamanuel Y, Nigusie D. Prevalence of intestinal parasites and Salmonella and Shigella among food handlers at food service establishments in the main campus and Health Sciences College of Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Dev 2014;28(1):29–34. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Annexes.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4095831","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":280379281,"identity":"de2d1918-7859-40a7-94a7-9df6f9fdc6dd","order_by":0,"name":"Ashenafi Woime","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA6klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACHoYDHyr+ARnMBxgYG4jTwnhwxpkDQAZbAtFamA/ztoG08BgQp4W//+wBoJY70fzTznyT+LnDRo6B/fDRDfi0SNzISzg459yz3Bm3c7dJ9p5JM2bgSUu7gdeaGzwGB96UMec2ALVI8LYdTmyQ4DHDq0X+/BmDAzxszLnzb+c8k/xLjBaDAzkGB3naDuduuJ3DJk2ULYY3gFpmnEnL3Xg7zdhati3NmI2QX+TOnzH+8KHCJnfe7eSHN9+22cjxsx8+ht/7SIBFAkSyEascBJg/kKJ6FIyCUTAKRg4AAKbcV6oSPQt0AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ashenafi","middleName":"","lastName":"Woime","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-03-13 20:52:22","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4095831/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4095831/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":53006778,"identity":"4a6c18b2-6c30-46b4-b744-1b1eb2524aad","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-03-19 15:11:53","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":80711,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConceptual Framework adapted from literature\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSource:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e Developed after reviewing variables from different literatures\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4095831/v1/f1f50db6096c4f14ec7cc5ee.png"},{"id":53008724,"identity":"04ddf35c-9a8e-4039-8578-805aa43dfdb2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-03-19 15:19:53","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":709608,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4095831/v1/35aed5ba-a60b-43ad-92cf-ba2d4cab1753.pdf"},{"id":53006779,"identity":"ebcc0c88-e992-4a06-bc6c-c90be707cfc8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-03-19 15:11:53","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":14825,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Annexes.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4095831/v1/92568a0ac33d15e50476a7d2.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eAssessment of Bacterial Hand Contamination and Associated Factors Among Food Handlers Working in Catering Establishments of Hosanna Town, Hadiya Zone, South Ethiopia, 2023\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"1.\tIntroduction ","content":"\u003ch2\u003e1.1 Background of the study\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHands are the major source of contamination, which can never be totally free of microorganism especially bacteria. Food can become contaminated via dirty hands\u003cbr\u003eif there is lack of proper hygiene among the food handlers when handling food. Human hands are in regular contact with the surrounding environment and a variety of pathogens can reach the mucous membranes in the mouth, nose, eyes and genitals of human being through the hands and consequently contribute to food borne illness outbreaks\u003cstrong\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThis research was designed to determine the level of bacterial hand contamination and associated factors among food handlers working in different catering establishments of Hossana Town. Total of 156 samples will be collected from the palm of food handlers of 83 Tea/Snack houses, 54 Cafeterias and Restaurants, and 19 Hotelin which each sample obtained will becultured, bacteria isolated, identified and characterized according to standard procedure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e1.2 Statement of the problem\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJust like many other African countries, food borne illnesses are prevalent in Ethiopia and the loss of human life and suffering is enormous. Epidemiologic data related to food-borne diseases are\u003cbr\u003einadequate in Ethiopia. But it can be evidenced that these are very common in the country because of many reasons including poverty, lack of awareness, poor water supply, poor personal\u003cbr\u003ehygiene and environmental sanitation, etc. According to the 2016-2017 \u0026ldquo;Health and Health related Indicators\u0026rdquo; published by the Planning and Programming Department of the Federal\u003cbr\u003eMinistry of Health of Ethiopia, Helminthic infections were the second leading cause of outpatient visits, Dysentery and different parasitic infections were also among the ten top causes\u003cbr\u003eof outpatient visits, Dysentery was among the leading causes of hospital admissions and deaths, Typhoid fever, acute diarrheal diseases, bloody diarrhea and anthrax were reported as some of\u003cbr\u003ethe major causes of outbreaks [1].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is known that food handlers are a common source of food borne diseases. The practice of good personal hygiene is essential for anyone who handles food, especially in food and drink establishments where many customers could potentially be affected. A sick food handler with symptoms of diarrhea, eye and ear discharges, skin infections, open cuts and wounds, or coughing should not continue working. They must be treated and be completely recovered before returning to work [2].\u003cbr\u003eDespite the increasing number of food in catering establishments no study has been conducted on bacterial hand contamination and associated risk factors in Hossana Town, Haddiya Zone.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e1.3 Significance of the study\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSince there is no research done in Hossana town before, this study expected to draw attention to identifications of bacterial hand contamination of food handlers in food establishments. The finding will help concerned body and the owner to give emphasis and to allocate resources to improve the overall repair and sanitary conditions of premises and empowering and equipping food handlers with safe food handling practice working with in the catering establishments.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Literature review","content":"\u003cp\u003eFood related infections constitute an important public health problem in both developed and developing countries [3]. The problem is severe in developing countries due to difficulties in securing optimal hygienic food handling practices. In developing countries, up to an estimated 70% of cases of diarrheal disease are associated with the consumption of contaminated food [4]. The World Health Organization estimates 16\u0026nbsp;million new cases and 600,000 deaths of typhoid fever were each year worldwide [5]. Several studies have demonstrated that food handlers harbor S. typhi asymptomatically [6]. One of the historically notorious examples is that of the American cook \u0026ldquo;Typhoid Mary\u0026rdquo; (Mary Malon) who was responsible for 7 epidemics of typhoid fever affecting more than 200 persons [7].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAccordingly, food handlers with poor personal hygiene and inadequate knowledge working in food serving establishments could be potential sources of infections of many enteropathogenic bacteria and parasites [8, 9]. Likewise, food handlers who harbor enteropathogenic bacteria may contaminate foods with their feces via their fingers, which in turn lead to food processing, and finally to infection of consumers [10]. Compared to other parts of the hand, the area beneath fingernails harbors many microorganisms and is difficult to clean [11]. More aggravated situations and challenges prevail in Ethiopia where food safety issues are not well understood and have received little attention.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, the cases of food-borne illnesses are rarely investigated in detail and under reported even if diagnosed in the form of outbreak or individual illness. In addition to these, research in the area of identifying the causative agent and food incriminated is also at its infant stage because of lack of well-developed laboratory system, consumables and reagents for isolation identification and lack of coordinated epidemiological surveillance systems. The aim of this study is therefore, to assess the prevalence of bacterial hand contaminations and associated factors among food handlers in Hossana Town.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e2.1. Conceptual Framework\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3. OBJECTIVES","content":"\u003cp\u003e3.1. General Objective\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe aim of this study was to\u0026nbsp;assess\u0026nbsp;bacterial hand contaminationand its associated factors among food handlers in catering establishments of Hossana town, Haddiya zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2023.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.2. Specific Objectives\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;To assess bacterial hand contamination of food handlers in catering establishments in Hossana town, Haddiya zone, southern Ethiopia\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. \u0026nbsp; To identify factors associated with bacterial hand contamination of food handlers in catering establishments of Hossana town, Haddiya zone, Southern Ethiopia\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"4. Methods and Materials","content":"\u003ch2\u003e4.1. Study Area and Period\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study conducted in Hossana town, South Ethiopia. It is located 232 km from Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia and 170 km from Hawassa, capital of SNNPR. \u0026nbsp;The study will be conducted from March, 2023 to May, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e4.2. Study Design\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCommunity based cross sectional study design was applied.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e4.3. Source Population\u0026nbsp;and Study Population\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll food handlers from a selected catering establishment in Hossana Town which has license will be study subjects, and all food handlers, who are engaged in food preparation, serving, andcleaning and reported to have never used any antimicrobial in the last 2 weeks and during the study period will\u0026nbsp;be studied.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e4.5. Study\u0026nbsp;participants\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study participants were purposively selected\u0026nbsp;from the catering establishment one from Kitchen and one from waiters.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e4.6. Inclusion and Exclusion criteria\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eInclusion criteria\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll study participant who are worked for at least for 6 months in the establishment and all food handlers who are reported to have never used any antimicrobial in the last 2 weeks and during the study period and\u0026nbsp;working in food catering establishments such as hotels, cafeterias, restaurants, tea/snack house, fruit and juice house will be included in the study. Licensed food establishments included in order to find the actual information for this study and these establishments also expected to provide food service for large people.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eExclusion criteria\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeverely ill participants and those who were on medication excluded from this study. Food handlers in drinking service establishment and non-licensed Street food vendors or hawkers will be excluded. Food handlers working in drinking service establishment excluded because the risk of getting disease caused by bacterial contamination is high in food catering establishments than establishment that give only drinking service. In addition, Food handlers who have skin irritation, eczema, and inflammation will be excluded in the study, and all those people who are not willing to participate in the study will be excluded. Participants with a history of using antibiotic(s) 2 weeks prior to the study were excluded.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e4.7.\u0026nbsp;Sample size\u0026nbsp;determination\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe sample size will be calculated using a single population proportion formula\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg 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\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e4.8. Sampling techniques\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to\u0026nbsp;Hossana Town Trade and Investment bureau (2016) there were 121 tea house, 78 caf\u0026eacute; and restaurants, and 27 hotel. To select representative participants, the final\u0026nbsp;sample size proportionally allocated to each stratum, and food handlers selected using simple random sampling technique. As a result, one food handler selected randomly from each catering establishment.\u0026nbsp;Accordingly, 83, 54 and 19 participants included from selected tea house, caf\u0026eacute; and restaurant and hotels respectively for the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e4.9. Sampling Procedures\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrom each strata the catering establishment was selected randomly and the data collectors prepared a frame based on the strata,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e4.10. Data Collection Tools and Procedures\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data relating to\u0026nbsp;socio-demographic characteristics, and personal hygiene practices of food handlers, life style and behavioral, work related factors.\u0026nbsp;The questionnaire developed\u0026nbsp;from validated tools [14-16] and prepared in English and translated in to Amharic and observational checklist also used to get supplement data. Five sanitarians and four medical laboratory professionals was selected for data collection. \u0026nbsp;Before starting any meal preparation activity including hand washing (if any), participant\u0026rsquo;s hands were sampled for microbial testing. Notification not given in advance, and extra hand hygiene not allowed during data collection.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e4.12. Laboratory data\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e4.12.1. Sample collection and transport and inoculation\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSterile cotton swabs (Puritan Low-Lint Cylindrical Tip) were prepared and dipped into saline-containing sterile test tubes to collect samples from the fingernails and palm of the hand. Using these moistened cotton swabs, fingernail contents were collected from both hands of each subject by rubbing all over the surface under the nails. These samples were kept with normal saline in a test tube and transported to Hosanna College of health science laboratory by cold chain about 4\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003eC. The swab was simultaneously inoculated on MacConkey agar for the growth of gram negative bacteria and manitol Salt agar for staphylococcal bacteria. Then the remaining sample subjected for gram staining to get clue information about the gram reaction. All samples were cultured on same day of collection.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e4.12.2. Bacterial identification\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll of the samples were inoculated onto MacConkey agar (Oxoid, Hampshire, UK) and Manitol salt agar (Oxoid, Hampshire, UK) . \u0026nbsp;After 24 h of incubation at 37 \u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003eC, colony characteristics of the isolates and gram stain were performed then the species of the bacteria were identified following standard procedures using biochemical tests such as catalase, Coagulase, indole, motility, triple sugar iron agar, citrate, and urea (Vandepitte and Verhaegen, 2003).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e4.13. Study Variables\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDependent variable\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBacterial hand contamination.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg 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\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e4.14. Operational definition of selected variables\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacterial hand contamination\u003c/strong\u003e: presence of one or more potential food borne bacterial hand contaminants\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFood borne diseases\u003c/strong\u003e - intoxication, infection, or illness contracted by the consumption of contaminated food\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFood handler\u003c/strong\u003e - a person who is engaged in the process of food preparing, serving, and cleaning etc.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePotential food borne bacterial\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003econtaminants \u0026ndash; bacterial pathogens that can cause food contamination or spoilage\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePersonal hygiene\u003c/strong\u003e - refers to those protection measures primarily with the responsibility of the individual, which promote and limit the spread of infectious disease, like hand washing using soap and water, keep body clean etc.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e4.15. Data quality management\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo manage the quality of the work SOP strictly followed during processing of each sample. All the instruments used for sample processing checked for proper functioning as far quality control strains of \u003cem\u003eS. aureus\u003c/em\u003e (ATCC 6538) was used. Data consistency and completeness will be made all the way during data collection, data entry and analysis. Culture Medias was prepared based on the manufactures instruction. The sterility of culture media was checked by incubating 3% of the batch at 35 \u0026ndash; 37 \u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003ec overnight. Those Media which showed any growth was discarded.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e4.16. Data Processing and Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data was entered into Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed by using SPSS version 20 (Copyright (c) SPSS Inc., 1997-2007, Polar Engineering and Consulting.) computer software. Data will be organized, summarized, and presented in simple descriptive Statistical methods. Chi-square test was used for checking any possible association between various categorical variables, and p-value\u0026lt;0.05 considered as significant.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e4.17. Ethical Consideration\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthical clearance obtained from Hossana College of Health Sciences Research and Ethics publication Committee (RPC) to conduct the study, and permission to conduct the was obtained from Hossana Town municipality council. Further Permission also obtained from the owners of the Catering establishments and written consent was obtained from each study participants. Confidentiality of the data maintained by making the data collectors aware not to record any identification information found on the card. For those who are carrier of permanent intrinsic pathogens appropriate referral linkage will be suggested\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e4.18. Dissemination Plan\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe finding of the study will be disseminated to different stakeholders such as Hossana Town Trade and Investment bureau, Municipality, and other relevant offices.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"5. RESULTS","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec28\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e5.1. Characteristics of study participants\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA total of 156 individuals participated in this study, with a response rate of 100%. Among them, 53.8% were female and 48.8% were aged between 20\u0026ndash;24 years (mean age 22.92\u0026thinsp;\u003cspan type=\"Underline\" class=\"Underline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/span\u003e\u0026thinsp;4.67 years and median 22 years). The majorities (69.2%) of the participants were single and 65.4% were completed primary school, followed by secondary school (23.1%). More than half of participants 56.4% were included from Caf\u0026eacute; and restaurants and 34% were from Tea and breakfast. The majority were 64.1% of the study participants were engaged in waiter and 34% were worked in food preparation in kitchen. The majority of food handlers (77.6%) had 1\u0026ndash;2 years of work experience. Out of the total participants, 15.5% were certified for training in food handling and preparation and 62.7% had previously undergone a medical check- up including stool examination (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocio-demographic characteristics of study participants\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocio-demo variables Category\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrequency (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;156)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eValid Percent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarital status single\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e108\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e69.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEducational levelIlliterate\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimary (grade 1\u0026ndash;6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecondary (9\u0026ndash;10)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiploma \u0026amp; above\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e102\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreparing food\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eType of workwaitering\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWashing\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eType of catering Hotel\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCaf\u0026eacute; and Restourant\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTea and break fast\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e88\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e56.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esexMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt; 20 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge groups 20\u0026ndash;24\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e156\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec29\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e5.1.1. Prevalence of isolated bacteria from hand swabs of food handlers\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe overall prevalence of bacterial positivity is 18/156 (11.5%) and among the identified bacterial isolates 10/156 (6.4%) were \u003cem\u003eStaphylococcus aurous\u003c/em\u003e followed by \u003cem\u003eEscherichia coli\u003c/em\u003e 5/156 (3.2%) and 3/156 (1.9%) were \u003cem\u003eSalmonella typhi\u003c/em\u003e as shown in Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrevalence of isolated bacteria among food handlers in catering establishment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBacteria\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eE.coli\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eS.aurous\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eS.typhi\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo bacteria identified\"\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e138\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e88.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e156\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmong the all bacterial isolates positivity 11/72 (3.5%) were males and 14/108 (13.9%) were single. Among all positivity 7/64 (10.9%) were less than 20 years old and 15/102 (14.7%) were completed primary education as summarized in Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec30\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e5.1.2. Distribution of isolated bacteria among different variables\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith regard to hand-washing practices, 80.2% of food handlers reported that they had a habit of hand-washing after using the toilet. And also, most of the food handlers reported that they had a habit of hand-washing after touching different parts of their body (hair, nose, and ears) between handling food items Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePathogen prevalence and associated risk factors As shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, 18 (11.5%) of the hand swab specimens tested positive for bacterial isolates. S.aourus (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;10; 6.4%) had a higher frequency compared to E.coli (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5; 3.2%) and S.typhi (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3 (1.9%), while no pathogen was isolated from the swabs of 148 (88.5%) participants. Different factors were assessed for a possible association with pathogen infections among the study participants (Tables\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). The highest proportion of infection was seen among the age group of \u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;20 years no statistically significant as shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAll of the isolated pathogens were from those who were not trained in food preparation and handling. As illustrated in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, the isolation rate of potential food-borne bacteria in swab samples was relatively higher among food handlers who had served for more than 8 hours (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;15; 15.7%, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.095) and higher among those who had no clean nail observed (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;13; 35.5%) and statistically significant as shown Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding the habit of hand-washing after defecation, 80.2% had habit of hand washing after defecation. Among them 1.6% were positive and 98.4% were negative for pathogens. Among the respondents who had no habit of hand-washing after defecation (19.8% of the study population), 51.6% were positive and 48.4% were negative for pathogens. Therefore, the highest bacterial infection rate was observed in participants who had no habit of hand washing after latrine usage (defecation) and it is statistically significant (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe distribution of bacterial positivity by socio-demographic variables using chi-square\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBacterial positivity\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNegative\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePositive\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSex\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11(3.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.176\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7(3.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarital status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSingle\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14(13.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e108\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.404\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (8.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAge group\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;20 Years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7(10.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.301\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u0026ndash;24 Years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11(14.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;25 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEducational level\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIlliterate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0(6.4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.294\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15(14.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e102\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecondary\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3(8.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiploma \u0026amp; above\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eType of catering\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHotel\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.336\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCaf\u0026eacute; and Restaurant\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11 (12.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTea \u0026amp; breakfast\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (13.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eType of task\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFood preparation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (7.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWaiter\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (12.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWashing dish\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (66.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTotal\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e148\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18(11.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e156\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe distribution of bacterial positivity by different variables using chi-square\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCategory\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBacterial positivity\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNegative\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePositive\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSmoking\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.607\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e136\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e154\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlcohol drinking\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1(7.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.650\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e126\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17 (11.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e143\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRespondent trend of touching hair or nose during food preparation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.367\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e132\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (12%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e150\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRespondent trend of touching mobile phone during food preparation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (8.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e105\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (12.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e120\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWork load\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;8hrs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.097\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8-12hrs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15(15.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;12hrs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTraining\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (3.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.145\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e111\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17 (13.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e128\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAwareness on food born disease\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (3.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (22.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHand washing after toilet\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e123\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e125\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 (51.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHand washing before starting food preparation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e127\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (4.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (52.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHand washing after sneezing\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e124\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (4.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e130\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12(46.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHand washing after touching waste\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e129\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5(3.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13(59.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003etouching food by your bare hand during waitery\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (5.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.026\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14 (16.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHand washing area clean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e114\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4(3.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e118\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14 (36.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eClean nail\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e114\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13(35.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTotal\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e148\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e156\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"6. DISCUSSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eFood handlers are an important vehicle for microorganisms, and improper handling practices may cause food contamination and consequently food-borne diseases, which pose a potential risk to public health [17]. Published information about food-borne pathogens among food handlers is scarce in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was undertaken to assess the prevalence and associated factors of bacterial isolates among food handlers in catering establishments at Hossana town in the south Ethiopia. Hand swab cultures of 18 (11.5%) food handlers were positive for pathogenic bacterial species. This finding is similar to those of previous studies performed in Ethiopia from Arba Minch, Ethiopia which the reported isolation rate was 10%) [20]. However, the result is higher than to those reported from Gondar 3.1% [18] and 3.5% in Addis Ababa (19) and the finding was lower than studies from Abuja, Nigeria (62.6%) (21) and Omdurman, Sudan (30.1%) (22). The discrepancies may be due to differences in technique of pathogen isolation, the type of study participant, and the sample size. This rate of detection in the present study indicates that the hygiene conditions of the food handlers were challenged, due to the isolation of enteric pathogens like Salmonella and E.coli from the hand swab cultures. Good hygiene practices, both personal and in food handling, are the basis of preventing the transmission of pathogens from food handling personnel to consumers (18). Hand swab cultures revealed the isolation of Salmonella typhi from 1.9%, E. coli 3.2% and S.aurous 6.4% of food handlers in the present study. This figure is comparable to that reported among food handlers at Gondar University cafeteria by Dagnew et al. (2.7%) (23), at Gondar town by Andargie et al. (3.1%) (20), and at Arba Minch University by Mam et al. (3%) (18). The present study demonstrated a higher rate of isolation compared to reports from Hawassa, Ethiopia (0.4%), Sudan (1.3%), and Jordan (1.4%) (22, 23, 24). This may be due to differences in technique, the type of study participants, and the sample size.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"7. CONCLUSION","content":"\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eA total of 156 individuals participated in this study, with a response rate of 100%.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThe overall prevalence of bacterial positivity is 18/156 (11.5%) and among the identified bacterial isolates 10/156 (6.4%) were \u003cem\u003eStaphylococcus aurous\u003c/em\u003e followed by \u003cem\u003eEscherichia coli\u003c/em\u003e 5/156 (3.2%) and 3/156 (1.9%) were \u003cem\u003eSalmonella typhi\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThe isolated pathogens had association from those who were not trained in food preparation and handling, those who had no clean nail observed (n = 13; 35.5%), Poor Hand washing after sneezing, Poor Hand washing after touching waste and who had no habit of hand washing after latrine usage (defecation) (p \u0026lt; 0.001)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e"},{"header":"8. Recommendations ","content":"\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThe Survey \u0026nbsp;finding \u0026nbsp;Imphy the need for strengthening the Personal Hygiene and refreshment training of Food handlers on Personal Hygiene guidelines to improve practice during food processing.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePromote optimal hand washing at critical times and hand washing facilities located near the latrine\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHosanna town health unit office should inspect and intervene the health and health related problems of food and drinks establishment\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u0026nbsp;Urban Health Extension Workers should increase their effort to create awareness on personal Hygiene during food preparation and handling through information, Education and communication food and drinks establishment workers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePromising effort must be started by the Municipality, Zonal health department, kebele administrative and Urban health extension workers by strengthening and organizing more effective and strengthening supervision, control and providing awareness creation activities to the community and food and drink establishment.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eATCC -American Type Culture Collection\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eRPC- Research and Ethics publication Committee\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSNNPR- Southern Nation Nationality Peoples\u0026rsquo; Region\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWHO- World Health Organization\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eACKNOWLEDGEMENTSMy special gratitude and heartfelt thank goes to Hossana Health Science College Research and Publication Core Process for facilitation of this research paper. I would like to thank my advisors Mr. Rebie Kedir and Mr. Andualem Girma for their unreserved help in the process of this paper. I would like also to thank Shemsedin Mohammed for his support during data collection. Finally I also thank all the respondents who were participated in this study, data collectors and Hosanna Municipal council.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eACKNOWLEDGEMENTS\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eMy special gratitude and heartfelt thank goes to Hossana Health Science College Research and Publication Core Process for facilitation of this research paper. I would like to thank my advisors Mr. Rebie Kedir and Mr. Andualem Girma for their unreserved help in the process of this paper. I would like also to thank Shemsedin Mohammed for his support during data collection. Finally I also thank all the respondents who were participated in this study, data collectors and Hosanna Municipal council.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHealth and Health Related Indicators, Planning and Programming Department, FMOH; /2017\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWHO: WHO commission on health and Environmental report of the panel on food and agriculture; 1992.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eJacob M (1989) Safe food handling: a training guide for managers in food service establishments. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWorld Health Organization (2000) Food borne Disease: A focus for Health Education.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWHO (2003) Manual for the laboratory identifcation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacterial pathogens of public health concern in the developing world. World Health Organization, Geneva.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSenthilkumar B, Prabakaran G (2005) Multidrug resistant Salmonella typhiin Asymptomatic Typhoid carriers among food handlers in Namakkal district, Tamil Nadu. Indian J Med Microbiol 23: 92-94.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eParikh UN, Murti P (1987) Salmonella carriers in foodhandlers in Bombay.Indian J Public Health 31: 217-20.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAndargie G, Kassu A, Moges F, Tiruneh M, Huruy K (2008) Prevalence of bacteria and intestinal parasites among food-handlers in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia. J Health Popul Nutr 26: 451-455.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eVoigt J (1990) Health surveillance and management procedures of foodhandling personnel. Report of a WHO Consultation. World Health Organization, Geneva 34: 474.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eK\u0026auml;ferstein F, Abdussalam M (1999) Food safety in the 21st century. Bull World Health Organ 77: 347-351\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eLin CM, Wu FM, Kim HK, Doyle MP, Michael BS, et al. (2003) A comparison of hand washing techniques to remove Escherichia coli and caliciviruses under natural or artifcial fngernails. J Food Prot 66: 2296-2301.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eBayeh A, Fantahun B, Bezabih B. Prevalence of \u003cem\u003eSalmonella typhi\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eand intestinal parasites among food handlers in Bahir Dar Town, Northwest Ethiopia. Ethiop J Heal Dev. 2010;24(1):46\u0026ndash;50\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMulat D, Moges T, Feleke M, Mucheye G. Infectious diseases \u0026amp; therapy bacterial profle and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among food handlers at Gondar University cafeteria, Northwest Ethiopia. J Infect Dis Ther. 2013;1(2):2\u0026ndash;7\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAraya G, Kelemework A, Letemichael N, Tsehaye A, Shwaye B, Megbaru A, Muthupandian S. Prevalence of \u003cem\u003eSalmonella typhi\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eand intestinal parasites among food handlers in Mekelle University student cafeteria, Mekelle, Ethiopia. Food Control. 2014; 44:45\u0026ndash;8.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eFagernes M, Lingaas E (2011) Factors interfering with the microflora on hands: a regression analysis of samples from 465 healthcare workers. J AdvNurs 67: 297-307.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eJosie L, Traub-Dargatz, J, Weese S, Rousseau JD, et al.( 2006) Pilot study to evaluate 3 hygiene protocols on the reduction of bacterial load on the hands of veterinary staff performing routine equine physical examinations. Can Vet J; 47:671-676\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eTsegaye A, Haymanot T, Beyene W, Jemal B\u003cstrong\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003e Assessment of bacterial hand contamination and associated factors among food handlers working in the student cafeterias of Jimma University Main Campus, Jimma, South West Ethiopia. J Community Med Health Educ 2015; 5:345.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMohammedaman M, Getaneh A. Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and associated risk factors of Shigella and Salmonella among food handlers in Arba Minch University, South Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis 2016;16:686.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAndargie G, Kassu A, Moges F, Tiruneh M, Huruy K. Prevalence of bacteria and intestinal parasites among food-handlers in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia. J Health Popul Nutr 2008;26:451\u0026ndash;5\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAklilu A, Kahase D, Dessalegn M, et al. Prevalence of intestinal parasites, Salmonella and Shigella among apparently health food handlers of Addis Ababa University student\u0026rsquo;s cafeteria, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Res Note 2015;8:17.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eIfeadike O, Ironkwel OC, Adogu POU, Nnebue CC, et al. Prevalence and pattern of bacteria and intestinal parasites among food handlers in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria. Nigerian Med J 2012;53:1166\u0026ndash;71.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSaeeda AH, Hamid HH. Bacteriological and parasitological assessment of food handlers in the Omdurman area of Sudan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2010;43 (1):70\u0026ndash;3.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMulat D, Moges T, Feleke M, Mucheye G. Bacterial profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among food handlers at Gondar University Cafeteria, Northwest Ethiopia. J Infect Dis Ther 2013;1:105.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eDesta M, Asrat D, Weldeamanuel Y, Nigusie D. Prevalence of intestinal parasites and Salmonella and Shigella among food handlers at food service establishments in the main campus and Health Sciences College of Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Dev 2014;28(1):29\u0026ndash;34.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Bacterial Hand Contamination, Food Handlers, catering establishments and Hossana. ","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4095831/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4095831/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground: -\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e Hands are the major source of contamination, which can never be totally free of microorganisms, especially bacteria. Food can become contaminated by dirty hands if there is a lack of proper hygiene among the food handlers when handling food. Human hands are in regular contact with the surrounding environment, and a variety of pathogens can reach the mucous membranes in the mouth, nose, eyes, and genitals of humans through the hands and consequently contribute to foodborne illness outbreaks\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eObjective:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e This study assessed bacterial hand contamination and associated factors among food handlers working in catering establishments in Hossana Town, South Ethiopia.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethod: A community-based\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e cross-sectional study was conducted among food handlers at catering establishments in Hosanna town, Hadiya zone, South Ethiopia, from March 2023 to May 2023. A stratified random sampling technique was employed to allocate study participants into their catering establishment, and then a random sampling technique was applied to recruit participants. After getting signed consent, a structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic and potential risk factors. Data was entered using EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed using the SPSS version 20 statistical package, and descriptive statistics were used to describe variables. Chi-square was used to identify factors associated with the outcome variable.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResult: \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe overall prevalence of bacterial positivity is 18/156 (11.5%), and among the identified bacterial isolates, 10/156 (6.4%) were Staphylococcus aurous, followed by Escherichia coli (5/156 (3.2%)), and 3/156 (1.9%) were Salmonella typhi. The isolated pathogens had associations with those who were not trained in food preparation and handling, those who had no clean nails observed, poor hand washing after sneezing, poor hand washing after touching waste, and those who had no habit of hand washing after latrine usage (defecation) (p \u0026lt; 0.001).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe finding implies the need for strengthening the personal hygiene and redressal training of food handlers on personal hygiene guidelines to improve practice during food processing.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Assessment of Bacterial Hand Contamination and Associated Factors Among Food Handlers Working in Catering Establishments of Hosanna Town, Hadiya Zone, South Ethiopia, 2023","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-03-19 15:11:48","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4095831/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"a4df1190-9f68-4ac6-b917-b2a0c0cadcb6","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 19th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-04-11T18:46:08+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-03-19 15:11:48","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4095831","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4095831","identity":"rs-4095831","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}