Combination of essential oils from Ocimum americanum L., Ocimum gratissimum L., and Lippia multiflora Mold.: A potential solution for controlling the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)

Combination of essential oils from Ocimum americanum L., Ocimum gratissimum L., and Lippia multiflora Mold.: A potential solution for controlling the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Combination of essential oils from Ocimum americanum L., Ocimum gratissimum L., and Lippia multiflora Mold.: A potential solution for controlling the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) Anass COULIBALY, B. Jethro DELMA, S.Abel BIGUEZOTON, F. Firmin DAH, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9160748/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus is one of the most significant ectoparasites affecting livestock in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. This tick causes substantial economic losses in cattle production by reducing weight gain and milk yield and by transmitting pathogens responsible for diseases such as babesiosis and anaplasmosis. Conventional control strategies rely largely on synthetic acaricides; however, their use poses risks to human health and the environment and has contributed to the rapid emergence of resistant tick populations. Under these circumstances, the search for natural acaricidal alternatives has become essential, with essential oils emerging as a promising solution. The present study aimed to evaluate the acaricidal activity of a combination of Ocimum americanum (1:6), Ocimum gratissimum (2:3), and Lippia multiflora (1:6) essential oils against adult R. microplus using the adult immersion test (AIT). Combination indices and dose reduction indices were calculated to assess the interaction effects between the essential oils. The combination completely inhibited oviposition and larval hatching of R. microplus at concentrations of 100 and 80 mg/mL, respectively. Synergistic effects were observed at all tested concentrations, with achieving 93% efficiency starting at 80 mg/mL. These findings highlight the potential of this essential oil combination for developing natural acaricidal formulations to effectively control R. microplus . Livestock essential oils combination acaricidal activity R. microplus Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 13 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 09 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 30 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 30 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 28 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 27 Mar, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 27 Mar, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 27 Mar, 2026 Editor invited by journal 26 Mar, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 25 Mar, 2026 First submitted to journal 25 Mar, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9160748","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":613982512,"identity":"dca59834-e80a-4470-a513-5adb100ff68d","order_by":0,"name":"Anass COULIBALY","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABA0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFADdsY2BoYCBjkQ+8ADorQwg7QYMBiDtSQQp4WBDaQlsQHEwaeFf3bz448/GOzkDA4ztz34YXA4fX7Y4YdAW+zkdBuwa5G4c8xMmoch2djgMGO7YY/B4dyNt9MMgFqSjc0O4LDmRoIZM9DxiRsOM7ZJ8IC0zE4AaTmQuA2HFvkb6Z+BDoNokfwDdJjh7PQPeLUY3MgxkOCBapEG2pIgL52D3xbDGzllQJXJxpJAvxjLGKQbbpDOKTiQYIDbL3I30jd//FFhJ8d3vP3ZwzcV1vLys9M3f/gAFMHpfYjz4KxmBoMDqCIEQR2DfAPxqkfBKBgFo2BkAAD37WE5UUt5uwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Anass","middleName":"","lastName":"COULIBALY","suffix":""},{"id":613982513,"identity":"67449976-81e7-49b6-878e-ea5ba3fc46f3","order_by":1,"name":"B. 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