In-Hospital Mortality by Race and Ethnicity Among Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients Using Data from the Us National Covid Cohort Collaborative

Studies examining disparities in hospital mortality for patients hospitalized with COVID-19 are mixed. Findings from patients within academic medical centers (AMCs) are lacking, but important given the role of AMCs in improving health equity. This study assessed whether minority patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) institutions, which consist predominantly of AMCs, have higher mortality rates relative to White patients. A retrospective analysis of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 was performed. Logistic regression analysis was used to test the primary hypothesis with a separate analysis for differences during the delta variant phase of the pandemic. In-hospital mortality for patients with a known hospital outcome formed the primary outcome measure. Race and ethnicity were the primary independent variables. There were 103,702 in-hospital Covid-19 admissions with 14,207 (13.7%) hospital deaths. Unadjusted in-hospital mortality for White patients was approximately 26% higher than for Black patients. After multivariable adjustment, none of the racial or ethnic groups differed in odds of in-hospital mortality compared to White patients. Hispanic patients had an odds ratio greater than one that was insignificant (OR=1.06; 95% CI=0.92-1.20). Findings for the delta variant phase were similar with the exception of the unknown category (OR=1.90; 95% CI=1.05-3.46). Disparities in hospital mortality outcomes by race or ethnicity were not found in COVID-19 patients hospitalized in AMCs. AMCs lead health delivery systems in eliminating disparities associated with structural racism. The null findings are consistent with the hypothesis of no difference in hospital outcomes by race or ethnicity in high-quality medical centers.