New Clues to Reveal Origins of Hot- and Warm-Jupiter: Mutual Occurrence Rate of Hot Jupiter，Warm Jupiter and Cold Jupiter

New Clues to Reveal Origins of Hot- and Warm-Jupiter: Mutual Occurrence Rate of Hot Jupiter，Warm Jupiter and Cold Jupiter | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article New Clues to Reveal Origins of Hot- and Warm-Jupiter: Mutual Occurrence Rate of Hot Jupiter，Warm Jupiter and Cold Jupiter Xiangning Su, Hui Zhang, Jilin Zhou This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-877562/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Many works based on the correlations between the occurrence rate of various giant planets and stellar properties of their hosts have provided clues revealing planetary formation processes. However, few researches have focused on the mutual occurrence rate of different type of planets and their dependency upon the stellar properties, which may help to provide an insight into the dynamics evolution history of planetary systems. To investigate the mutual occurrence rates, first we define three types of giant planets, i.e. cold Jupiter(CJ), warm Jupiter(WJ) and hot Jupiter(HJ), according to their position normalized by the snow-line in the system, ap > asnow, 0:1asnow < ap ≤ asnow and ap ≤ 0:1asnow, respectively. Then, we derive their occurrence rates(ηHJ,ηwJ,ηcJ) considering completeness correction caused by different detection methods (RV and transit) and surveys (HARPS& CORALIE and Kepler). Finally, we investigate the correlation between the relative occurrence rates, i.e. ηcJ/ηwJ or ηwJ/ηHJ, and various stellar properties, e.g. stellar metallicity and effective temperature Teff . We find that ηWJ from RV and transit surveys show a similar increasing trend with the increasing stellar effective temperature when Teff ≤ 6100K. While ηcJ from RV samples is almost flat within Teff in (4600K;6100K], and ηHJ from transit samples is increasing with increasing stellar effective temperature within 3600K < Te f f < 7100K. Further more, we find that the mutual occurrence rate between CJ and WJ, i.e. ηcJ/ηwJ , shows a decreasing trend with the increasing stellar effective temperature. In contrary, the ratio ηwJ/ηHJ is reversely depends on the stellar effective temperature. After a series of consistency tests, our results suggest the in-situ hypothesis can be excluded from the formation process of both WJ and HJ. However, the origin and evolution history of HJ may be quite different from that of WJ. Astronomy Astrophysics and Cosmology Exoplanet Occurrence rate effective temperature giant planet catalogs Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-877562","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":53519896,"identity":"65ff5427-cebd-4ecf-ac45-4107b99e77b6","order_by":0,"name":"Xiangning Su","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3624-6881","institution":"Nanjing University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiangning","middleName":"","lastName":"Su","suffix":""},{"id":53519897,"identity":"8d6c8a29-ba4e-435b-8cc1-f36d9ec90ddc","order_by":1,"name":"Hui Zhang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAx0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCSBmbLBhMCBVSxrpWg6ToEV+dvOzh193nLc3Zz98gOFHDYO8OSEtjHOOmRvLnrmduLMnLYGx5xiD4c4GAlqYJRLMpCXbbicYHMgxYOBtYAAyCGhhk0j/BtRyzt7g/BsDxr/EaOGRyDGT/Nh2gHHDjRwDZqJskZDIKZNmbEtO3HDjWcJhmWMShhsIaZGfkb5N8mebHdBhyQcfvqmxkSdoCwgw80AZByDRRARg/EGculEwCkbBKBipAABoXD8+Qjp8HgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3491-6394","institution":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hui","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":53519898,"identity":"a1245ced-d347-413f-be6e-bdf70efa0988","order_by":2,"name":"Jilin Zhou","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1680-2940","institution":"Nanjing University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jilin","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhou","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-09-04 14:10:30","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-877562/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-877562/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":13881791,"identity":"4d678230-9897-41d1-9e04-d9da8d316dc2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-22 18:44:44","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":516358,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"NewCluesHJWJ7.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-877562/v1_covered.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"There is \u003cb\u003eNO\u003c/b\u003e Competing Interest.","formattedTitle":"New Clues to Reveal Origins of Hot- and Warm-Jupiter: Mutual Occurrence Rate of Hot Jupiter，Warm Jupiter and Cold Jupiter","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"This preprint is available for \u003ca href='/article/rs-877562/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003edownload as a PDF\u003c/a\u003e."}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Exoplanet, Occurrence rate, effective temperature , giant planet catalogs","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-877562/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-877562/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Many works based on the correlations between the occurrence rate of various giant planets and stellar properties of their hosts have provided clues revealing planetary formation processes. However, few researches have focused on the mutual occurrence rate of different type of planets and their dependency upon the stellar properties, which may help to provide an insight into the dynamics evolution history of planetary systems. To investigate the mutual occurrence rates, first we define three types of giant planets, i.e. cold Jupiter(CJ), warm Jupiter(WJ) and hot Jupiter(HJ), according to their position normalized by the snow-line in the system, ap \u003e asnow, 0:1asnow \u003c ap ≤ asnow and ap ≤ 0:1asnow, respectively. Then, we derive their occurrence rates(ηHJ,ηwJ,ηcJ) considering completeness correction caused by different detection methods (RV and transit) and surveys (HARPS\u0026 CORALIE and Kepler). Finally, we investigate the correlation between the relative occurrence rates, i.e. ηcJ/ηwJ or ηwJ/ηHJ, and various stellar properties, e.g. stellar metallicity and effective temperature Teff . We find that ηWJ from RV and transit surveys show a similar increasing trend with the increasing stellar effective temperature when Teff ≤ 6100K. While ηcJ from RV samples is almost flat within Teff in (4600K;6100K], and ηHJ from transit samples is increasing with increasing stellar effective temperature within 3600K \u003c Te f f \u003c 7100K. Further more, we find that the mutual occurrence rate between CJ and WJ, i.e. ηcJ/ηwJ , shows a decreasing trend with the increasing stellar effective temperature. In contrary, the ratio ηwJ/ηHJ is reversely depends on the stellar effective temperature. After a series of consistency tests, our results suggest the in-situ hypothesis can be excluded from the formation process of both WJ and HJ. 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