Effect of Phosphorus and Zinc Fertilization on Yield and Nutrient Use Efficiency of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Tigray Highlands of NORTHERN ETHIOPIA

Wheat is a vital staple crop globally, addressing significant nutritional needs. In Ethiopia, the excessive application of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers can reduce crop production, including wheat. Additionally, excessive phosphorus application can limit zinc (Zn) uptake, making it essential to balance these nutrients to enhance yield and nutrient availability. Agricultural soils often face micronutrient deficiencies, prompting the promotion of blended multi-nutrient fertilizers. This study examined how different combinations of Zn and P fertilizers affect wheat yield and nutrient efficiency in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, across three locations during the 2019 and 2020 cropping seasons. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used to assess varying P (0, 10, 20, 30 kg P ha-1) and Zn (0, 5, 10 kg Zn ha-1) application rates. Results showed that applying up to 20 kg P ha-1 significantly increased wheat grain and biomass yield, while 5 kg Zn ha-1 also boosted yield. However, excessive rates of both nutrients reduced yields, highlighting the importance of balanced application. The best results were achieved with 20 kg P ha-1 and 5 kg Zn ha-1, improving yield, nutrient efficiency, and zinc bioavailability, which can enhance wheat quality and support food security in diverse agro-climatic conditions.