Caregiver-Involved Reminiscence for Persons with Dementia: A Scoping Review Protocol

Caregiver-Involved Reminiscence for Persons with Dementia: A Scoping Review Protocol | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Caregiver-Involved Reminiscence for Persons with Dementia: A Scoping Review Protocol Xin Min Lim, Esther Yin Hui Chew, George Frederick Glass Jr, Ee-Yuee Chan This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5458473/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 02 Jul, 2025 Read the published version in Systematic Reviews → Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background : Reminiscence has been shown to improve cognitive functions in persons with dementia and maintain meaningful relationships with their familial caregivers. However, there is a dearth of reviews on caregiver-involved or caregiver-led reminiscence activities. Objectives: This protocol aims to outline the process for a scoping review of the existing literature on caregiver-involved reminiscence for persons with dementia. Inclusion criteria : This review will examine studies involving persons with dementia diagnosed with any form of dementia (i.e., Alzheimer’s, vascular dementia, Lewy body, or frontotemporal dementia), and their familial caregivers. It will focus on reminiscence activities involving any recalling and storytelling of past events, sometimes known as "life story work.", where caregivers may actively or passively participate or facilitate. The context is community care, specifically at a home setting. The review will cover literature including primary research, reviews, meta-analyses, and case reports. Methods : Literature written in English and publishedin the last 10 years will be searched in major relevant databases which are PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO, Cochrane and Web of Science. Based on the inclusion criteria, the scoping review will include reviews, quantitative primary studies, qualitative primary studies and mixed methods studies. Two reviewers will independently select the articles based on the agreed search strategy and inclusion criteria. Data will be extracted by the two reviewers independently using a standardized data extraction tool. Descriptive mapping and descriptive content analysis will be used to analyse and present the results. Discussion : This protocol will outline the scoping review of current literature on caregiver-involved reminiscence for persons with dementia. The scoping review’s findings aim to identify the research gaps in this emerging field where reminiscence is not just pertaining to persons with dementia, but involved or even led by caregivers. This will thereby provide guidance for future studies on caregiver engagement with persons with dementia in the community and outpatient settings, and provide insights into effective caregiver-involved reminiscence activities. Practical challenges include study heterogeneity on specific caregiver involvement. Registration DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/H2ZST Dementia Reminiscence Caregivers Background Introduction of Topic According to the World Health Organisation (WHO, 2023), ), dementia is a progressive cognitive disorder characterized by impairments in memory, comprehension, and orientation. It is diagnosed when these deficits compromise an individual's ability to function independently in occupational, domestic, or social settings (Gale et al., 2018). Globally, the prevalence of dementia is at 6.97% for persons aged 50 and older and approximately 4.2% and 9.2% among populations aged 60 or 65 years (Cao et al., 2020). This number is expected to increase globally, estimated at 152.8 million cases in 2050 (Nichols et al., 2022). The escalating global prevalence of dementia hence presents a significant challenge to healthcare systems and societies worldwide, necessitating innovative and comprehensive care strategies (Gitlin et al., 2017). With the rising healthcare costs amounting from dementia (Wimo et al., 2023), it is imperative to continually look at optimising dementia care to improve the sustainability of every country’s healthcare system. Chiefly, a highly pertinent problem that arises from dementia care is the demands from caregiving stress thrust onto the PwD’s family. Compared with caregivers of other conditions, those tending to PWD provide care that is more physically demanding, time-consuming, and stressful (Duplantier & Williamson, 2023). This is unsurprising considering the nature of dementia and the extensive supervision that PWDs need to ensure safety, while maintaining function, social engagement, and quality of life (Duplantier & Williamson, 2023). Informal caregivers of PWD henceforth face multi-dimensional stressors that span emotional, psychological, physical and financial domains (Chiao et al., 2015). In fact, behavioural problems and psychological symptoms (BPSD) were identified as the primary factor associated with burden among informal caregivers (Chiao et al., 2015). With high caregiver burden, it often leads to increased depression, anxiety, and reduced quality of life (Chan et al., 2019; Ong et al., 2022). As such, dementia management should always consider the needs of caregivers of PWD in ensuring their well-being and resilience through sufficient support and service provision at home (Queluz et al., 2020).’ Existing Literature To address the needs of informal caregivers of PWD by reducing BPSD, reminiscence therapy has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological intervention for PWD, leveraging preserved long-term memories to enhance communication, well-being, and cognitive function (Abu Khait & Shellman, 2020). Reminiscence therapy utilizes memory triggers like household objects, photographs, and music to stimulate autobiographical recall and enrich the experiences PWD (Cammisuli et al., 2022). Many systematic reviews have already proven the effectiveness of reminiscence in improving the PwDs’ cognitive functions, reducing agitation and depressive symptoms, and enhancing their quality of life (Cotelli et al., 2012; Park et al., 2019; Saragih et al., 2022, Woods et al., 2018). In the recent years, several primary studies have also begun to involve caregivers in the reminiscence, which shows an increase in caregivers’ perceptions of their quality of life (Fletcher & Eckberg, 2014) and reported better relationships with PwDs (Charlesworth et al., 2016; Melunsky et al., 2015). With increased positive caregiving experiences, the level of subjective caregiving burden experienced can be reduced (Nemcikova et al., 2023). However, some studies suggested an increase in caregiver stress instead (Woods et al., 2016). This aligns with a narrative analysis review by Macleod et al. (2021) that more needs to be understood about the caregiver component, with greater emphasis on helping individuals with dementia and their family caregivers establish new and meaningful ways to maintain connectedness. Therefore, there is an existing research gap in examining how different reminiscence programs are structured to engage caregivers, and to explore the effectiveness and feasibility of these caregiver-involved approaches. Till today, only one review has focused caregiver-involved reminiscence, whereby a total of 20 quantitative and qualitative articles were systematically reviewed reminiscence with a dyadic approach (Ingersoll-Dayton et al., 2019). On top of that, a scoping review was also conducted to examine the practices of involving family caregivers in interventions stemming from PwDs’ unmet needs in nursing homes (Tasseron-Dries et al., 2023). Yet, a different angle should be undertaken to understand reminiscence’s potential as a therapeutic tool for caregivers to manage dementia care in the community. Ingersoll-Dayton et al. (2019) has also rightfully point out that dyadic reminiscence interventions remain unclear as a concept itself. The lack of clarity in how caregivers are involved in reminiscence thus calls for a need to explore the current literature evidence of caregiver-involved reminiscence and if there is a potential for a paradigm shift to caregiver-led reminiscence to achieve synergistic benefits for PWD and their caregivers, ultimately refining dementia care practices in the community. Understanding any passive engagement of caregivers in reminiscence will also be important in informing the real-world application of the findings, thereby helping to develop more targeted interventions and support programs for caregivers. In essence, exploring the spectrum of caregivers’ involvement will allow a more nuanced and complete understanding of the present practices in home reminiscence. Potential for Scoping Review Given the few studies focusing on caregiver-led reminiscence, which is an emerging field in dementia care, it is too premature to conduct a systematic review to generate clinical recommendations. Instead, the available pool of evidence on caregiver-involved reminiscence can be identified and mapped. Its results will then seek to inform the key features, barriers, and facilitators that guides the successful implementation of reminiscence practices involving both the caregivers and the PwDs. Its results will also seek to provide better clarity on the concept of caregiver-led reminiscence. The primary aim of this scoping review is to map the existing literature on the involvement of familial caregivers in reminiscence activities for persons with dementia. The scoping review will aim to address the following review questions: Primary review question In what ways are familial caregivers involved in reminiscence activities for persons with dementia at home, and what are the reported outcomes and impacts of this involvement on both the person with dementia and the caregiver? Secondary review question What types of reminiscence activities are employed when familial caregivers are involved? What training or support do familial caregivers receive in the engagement of reminiscence activities with persons with dementia? What are the measured outcomes of reminiscence interventions that involve both persons with dementia and their familial caregivers? What are the measured impacts of being involved in reminiscence interventions from familial caregivers’ perspectives? Protocol Methods/Design This scoping review has registered its priori protocol with the Open Science Framework. This scoping review protocol will be guided by PRISMA-P ( Appendix A ). A preliminary search for existing scoping reviews and systematic reviews on caregiver-involved reminiscence was conducted in October 2024 via Google Scholar and PubMed. This search confirms that there are no current or existing underway scoping reviews on the topic of caregiver-led reminiscence. This scoping review will take an inductive approach to explore the concept of “caregiver-involved reminiscence” and follow the guidelines outlined by JBI Manual For Evidence Synthesis: Scoping Reviews Chapter ((Pollock et al., 2024). Eligibility Criteria Table 1: Eligibility criteria for scoping review Inclusion Criteria Exclusion Criteria Participants Person with Dementia (PwD) refers to an individual who is identified with any type of dementia, including but not limited to, Alzheimer's disease, vascular disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and frontotemporal dementia. Assessment tools used to identify participants may include, but are not limited to: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) , Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE). Studies that conducted subgroup analyses with more than 80% of PWD will be included. This review will exclude articles or studies that only identified persons with “cognitive impairment”, without a proper identification of dementia. Caregiver of PwD refers to an individual who is family-related to the PwD and provides direct caregiving tasks to their PwD. This includes but is not limited to their spouse, sibling and child. Caregiving tasks may vary from assisting in daily activities to simple decision-making on the PwD’s behalf. Concept Reminiscence refers to the act of remembering, recalling and story-telling an individual’s past events, often guided and with provided stimuli. Reminiscence activities that are under-covered as “life story work” or other related terms may also be considered. This review will also exclude articles or studies that used “cognitive therapy” interventions that focus on mental exercises rather than tapping into one’s emotional or social memory. The involvement of caregivers may include both their passive and active participation. This may be reflected in studies as activities done in the presence of caregivers or activities delivered by caregivers. Context Communal setting refers to caregiving and living carried out at an individual's home, with or without living with the family members and/or PWD. Activities that are conducted in institutionalised settings such as acute care hospitals and long-term care facilities will be excluded from this review. Activities that are conducted by professional staffs in the community (e.g. day centres) without any involvement of family members are excluded from this review. Types of sources Primary research studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and case reports are included in this study. There will be no year limitation for this scoping review. Number of Years To provide an overview of recent studies on caregiver-led reminiscence for PwD, this review will search published and grey literature in English from the past 10 years in major relevant databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO, Cochrane. Search Strategy A three-step search strategy will be utilised as recommended by Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) to identify existing relevant literature for both published and unpublished studies. Firstly, an initial limited search will be conducted on two established databases to identify the relevant search terms for this scoping review. For instance, PubMed and CINAHL which are both relevant to scoping reviews and the topic of reminiscence will be searched e.g. ("dementia" AND "reminiscence" AND "scoping"). Text words contained in the titles, abstracts and index terms of these retrieved articles will be analysed to develop a comprehensive and relevant search repository in preparation for the second search (See Table 1 in Appendix B). In the second search, all identified keywords and index terms will be applied to all relevant databases: PubMed (via Ovid), Embase (via Embase.com), CINAHL (via EBSCO Publishing), Scopus (Elsevier), Cochrane (via The Cochrane Library) and Web of Science (via Thomson Reuters). Each search string is customised based on each database’s needs (See Table 2 for PubMed’s full search strategy and the other search strategies in Appendix B). The search strategy will be confirmed with a librarian to ensure an accurate and sufficient search and agreed by two independent reviewers. Table 2: Final search strategy of PubMed. Key concepts Persons with Dementia Reminiscence Caregiver involvement Free text terms/ Keywords Dementia Alzheimer* Lewy Bod* dementia Frontotemporal dementia Reminiscence Life review Life story books Item recall Remembering Memory Caregiver* Famil* Care dyad* Dyad* Husband* Wife* Carer* Spouse* Controlled vocabulary terms (MeSH terms) Dementia Mental Recall Memory, episodic Caregivers Family Spouses Family relations Final full search strings ("dementia"[MeSH Terms] OR "alzheimer disease"[MeSH Terms] OR "dementia"[tiab] OR "alzheimer*"[tiab] OR "lewy bod* dementia"[tiab] OR "frontotemporal dementia"[tiab] AND ("caregivers"[MeSH Terms] OR "family"[MeSH Terms] OR "spouses"[MeSH Terms] OR "family relations"[MeSH Terms] OR "caregiver*"[tiab] OR "dyad*"[tiab] OR "spouse*"[tiab] OR "dyadic relationship"[tiab]) AND (("mental recall"[MeSH Terms] OR "memory, episodic"[MeSH Terms] OR ("reminisce"[tiab] OR "reminisced"[tiab] OR "reminiscence"[tiab] OR "reminiscences"[tiab] OR "reminiscing"[tiab]) OR "life review"[tiab] OR "life history"[tiab] OR "life story"[tiab] OR "life experiences"[tiab] OR "item recall"[tiab] OR "remember*"[tiab]) Results: 397 (run on 31 March 2025) Limits applied: None Thirdly, both backward and forward citation tracking will be searched. This means that the reference list identified articles, as well as the list of articles citing these identified articles, will be screened for additional sources. Handsearching from targeted journals will not apply to this scoping review, as most journals related to reminiscence and dementia care can already be found in these five chosen databases. Should there be a need for further information, authors of primary sources or organisations will be contacted. Only sources published in English will be included due to the reviewers’ language limitations. Following the search, all identified citations will be collated and uploaded into Rayyan (Ouzzani et al., 2016) for the management of the search results from all the identified databases, with duplicates removed. Source of evidence selection A pilot testing before source selection will be conducted. This includes a random sample of twenty-five titles/abstracts via Rayyan, where two reviewers will independently screen studies based on the eligibility criteria and assess them against the inclusion criteria for the review. Should there be large discrepancies in the screening results, a third reviewer will adjudicate to modify and clarify the eligibility. The screening process will then be guided by the aforementioned pilot testing, where the two reviewers will independently screen the titles, abstracts and subsequently the full text of selected citations. Reasons for excluding sources of evidence at the full-text stage that do not meet the inclusion criteria will be documented and reported in the scoping review ( Appendix C ). Any disagreements between reviewers during the selection process will be resolved through discussion or by involving additional reviewer(s). The search results and the study inclusion process will be fully detailed in the final scoping review and presented in a PRISMA flow diagram ( Appendix D ). Data extraction Data will be extracted from the papers included in the scoping review by two or more independent reviewers, using a data extraction tool developed by the team when guided by UK Medical Research Council’s framework for evaluating complex interventions (Skivington et al., 2021). A data extraction table ( Appendix E ) will be developed and piloted at the protocol stage using three full-text articles to ensure that all necessary information is captured. The confirmed data extraction table will be extrapolated into Microsoft 365 Excel for data management. Data extracted will include specific details like author(s), year of publication, origin/country of origin, aims/purpose, population and sample size within the source of evidence (if applicable), methodology, intervention type, Details of reminiscence intervention (duration, frequency, contents covered), the involvement of caregivers (who, when, where and how), outcomes measured (both quantitatively and qualitatively), and any other key findings that relate to the scoping review question/s. The data extraction tool will be modified and refined as needed during the extraction process for each included source of evidence, with any changes detailed in the scoping review. Any disagreements between the reviewers will be resolved through discussion or with the involvement of the third reviewer. If necessary, authors of the papers will be contacted to request missing or additional data. Analysis of the evidence Data extracted will be characterised according to the types of involvement of familial caregivers across the different types of reminiscence interventions. This combination of data will require both deductive and inductive coding strategies, whereby quantitative data will be descriptively mapped into frequency counts and simple descriptive statistics, while qualitative data will undergo content analysis (Pollock et al., 2024). Anticipated data that will be mapped quantitatively based on the objectives of this scoping review will include: the content/duration of reminiscence conducted, the number of training support provided to caregivers, caregivers' characteristics and the PWD’s characteristics. Descriptive statistics will also be conducted to analyse the caregiver-related outcomes of reminiscence interventions. Depending on the results, descriptive qualitative content analysis will be undertaken to analyse the nature of caregiver involvement and their perspectives. This will include the experiences of caregivers when they are involved in reminiscence, and their perceptions of participating in reminiscence with their loved ones. Thematic analysis will not be applicable for scoping reviews. The analysis will be completed collaboratively by two reviewers, and any disagreements requiring further discussion will be resolved in team meetings in presence of a third reviewer. Presentation of results The data charted as results seek to identify, characterise and summarise the research evidence regarding caregiver-involved reminiscence. The results will be summarised in tables/charts with a descriptive summary of how the results relate to this review’s objectives and review questions. Discussion This protocol is for a scoping review that aims to map and understand the extent and type of evidence surrounding caregiver-involved reminiscence activities for PwDs, which then seeks to establish a foundational understanding of caregiver-involved reminiscence activities in dementia care. Contemporary initial studies on reminiscence have presented established benefits, including improved cognitive function, reduced behavioural symptoms, and enhanced emotional well-being for PwDs (Cammisuli et al., 2022; Saragih et al., 2022). However, few studies focus specifically on caregiver-involved reminiscence (Abu Khait & Shellman, 2020; Ingersoll-Dayton et al., 2019), an approach that may personalise the therapeutic experience and strengthen bonds through shared memories and storytelling. Findings from this review might help to highlight areas requiring further study, such as identifying which reminiscence approaches are most effective when led by caregivers, evaluating long-term benefits, and understanding variations across different types of dementia. Future research could also explore ways to support caregivers more fully, identifying practical resources, training, or technological tools that could further facilitate their role in reminiscence activities. However, there are some practical and operational issues that may arise during this review process. Although this scoping review is limited to English studies, this restriction may overlook significant research from non-English speaking regions, where reminiscence practices and caregiver roles may vary. It will therefore be important to recognise this limitation and document its implications for interpretation. Additionally, although reminiscence is well-studied, many studies do not specify the extent or nature of caregiver involvement (i.e., active facilitation versus passive participation). Identifying and isolating studies that explicitly focus on caregiver-involved reminiscence activities may limit the pool of eligible studies, complicating data extraction and analysis. Strategies, like screening for keywords related to caregiver involvement, will help to address this. Abbreviations PwDs: Persons with Dementia Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate Not applicable. Consent for publication Not applicable. Availability of data and materials Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Funding This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Author contributions XML and EYHC will serve as the independent peer reviewers for this scoping review. 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Dementia . https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dementia Supplementary Files ProtocolAppendices.docx Responsetoreviewers01042025.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 02 Jul, 2025 Read the published version in Systematic Reviews → Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 04 Apr, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 04 Apr, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 03 Apr, 2025 First submitted to journal 02 Apr, 2025 Editorial decision: Minor revision 15 Dec, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5458473","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":438312650,"identity":"4c30aa34-db49-4a43-98bc-00027b0e1c7c","order_by":0,"name":"Xin Min Lim","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA4UlEQVRIie3PuwrCMBSA4VMD7WAva32LTE4+TLp0Eim4CGotCF19FUVwDgTbpeKawcHJuW4dOpii9QKmdBTMTzhk+UgOgEr1i6FqYAAbgXYWV9Ke6AgQpqQNqdPFcVsRnFq0w4MT6EbXn16LcAQG26+hnEtJb2kTNMQX8TFrxylhYzB9n2txKiUOMrEgrCbUi1yzz7Uoka/wTgJKwjuBUk4+XgFK0IPos4ZdXmTrZj7z4moXL6ZSgo+ZICUDxzls8skg9FYGS3hehlIiMgoxFtFzu2oQYE3ke42vqFQq1X91A3D2S8Q7GYBBAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1418-7036","institution":"Tan Tock Seng Hospital","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xin","middleName":"Min","lastName":"Lim","suffix":""},{"id":438312651,"identity":"b052d954-af1d-4314-aa2b-f7e821e64fa4","order_by":1,"name":"Esther Yin Hui Chew","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tan Tock Seng Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Esther","middleName":"Yin Hui","lastName":"Chew","suffix":""},{"id":438312652,"identity":"c737fba2-600d-49f1-8447-9bd51f435b73","order_by":2,"name":"George Frederick Glass Jr","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tan Tock Seng Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"George","middleName":"Frederick","lastName":"Glass","suffix":"Jr"},{"id":438312653,"identity":"451961d0-ce57-4152-a392-4eebd1880808","order_by":3,"name":"Ee-Yuee Chan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tan Tock Seng Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ee-Yuee","middleName":"","lastName":"Chan","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-11-15 07:30:49","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5458473/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5458473/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-025-02865-5","type":"published","date":"2025-07-02T15:57:19+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":86180389,"identity":"5ecbed61-7e68-413c-834f-91682cccd9a0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-07 16:22:15","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":716086,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5458473/v1/85f9b2c3-0592-4254-9325-df11a3be2170.pdf"},{"id":80223485,"identity":"4ce8d96c-2a86-48ed-bc46-ac0d2b0484d4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-09 11:19:33","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":67500,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ProtocolAppendices.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5458473/v1/fb6288856d9afbd664a9d466.docx"},{"id":80223023,"identity":"fad80a4d-6072-417c-a4a4-aba85c0c431d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-09 11:11:33","extension":"docx","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":26508,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Responsetoreviewers01042025.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5458473/v1/93cf5847dbbcdc37b63dd733.docx"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Caregiver-Involved Reminiscence for Persons with Dementia: A Scoping Review Protocol","fulltext":[{"header":"Background","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIntroduction of Topic\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the World Health Organisation (WHO, 2023), ), dementia is a progressive cognitive disorder characterized by impairments in memory, comprehension, and orientation. It is diagnosed when these deficits compromise an individual\u0026apos;s ability to function independently in occupational, domestic, or social settings (Gale et al., 2018).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGlobally, the prevalence of dementia is at 6.97% for persons aged 50 and older and approximately 4.2% and 9.2% among populations aged 60 or 65 years (Cao et al., 2020).\u0026nbsp;This number is expected to increase globally, estimated at 152.8 million cases in 2050\u0026nbsp;(Nichols et al., 2022). The escalating global prevalence of dementia hence presents a significant challenge to healthcare systems and societies worldwide, necessitating innovative and comprehensive care strategies (Gitlin et al., 2017).\u0026nbsp;With the rising healthcare costs amounting from dementia\u0026nbsp;(Wimo et al., 2023), it is imperative to continually look at optimising dementia care to improve the sustainability of every country\u0026rsquo;s healthcare system.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChiefly, a highly pertinent problem that arises from dementia care is the demands from caregiving stress thrust onto the PwD\u0026rsquo;s family. Compared with caregivers of other conditions, those tending to PWD provide care that is more physically demanding, time-consuming, and stressful (Duplantier \u0026amp; Williamson, 2023). This is unsurprising considering the nature of dementia and the extensive supervision that PWDs need to ensure safety, while maintaining function, social engagement, and quality of life (Duplantier \u0026amp; Williamson, 2023). Informal caregivers of PWD henceforth face multi-dimensional stressors that span emotional, psychological, physical and financial domains (Chiao et al., 2015).\u0026nbsp;In fact, behavioural problems and psychological symptoms (BPSD) were identified as the primary factor associated with burden among informal caregivers\u0026nbsp;(Chiao et al., 2015). With high caregiver burden, it often leads to increased depression, anxiety, and reduced quality of life (Chan et al., 2019; Ong et al., 2022). As such, dementia management should always consider the needs of caregivers of PWD in ensuring their well-being and resilience through sufficient support and service provision at home (Queluz et al., 2020).\u0026rsquo;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExisting Literature\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo address the needs of informal caregivers of PWD by reducing BPSD, reminiscence therapy has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological intervention for PWD, leveraging preserved long-term memories to enhance communication, well-being, and cognitive function (Abu Khait \u0026amp; Shellman, 2020). Reminiscence therapy utilizes memory triggers like household objects, photographs, and music to stimulate autobiographical recall and enrich the experiences PWD (Cammisuli et al., 2022).\u0026nbsp;Many systematic reviews have already proven the effectiveness of reminiscence in improving the PwDs\u0026rsquo; cognitive functions, reducing agitation and depressive symptoms, and enhancing their quality of life\u0026nbsp;(Cotelli et al., 2012; Park et al., 2019; Saragih et al., 2022, Woods et al., 2018).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the recent years, several primary studies have also begun to involve caregivers in the reminiscence, which shows an increase in caregivers\u0026rsquo; perceptions of their quality of life (Fletcher \u0026amp; Eckberg, 2014) and reported better relationships with PwDs (Charlesworth et al., 2016; Melunsky et al., 2015). With increased positive caregiving experiences, the level of subjective caregiving burden experienced can be reduced (Nemcikova et al., 2023). However, some studies suggested an increase in caregiver stress instead\u0026nbsp;(Woods et al., 2016). This aligns with a narrative analysis review by Macleod et al. (2021) that more needs to be understood about the caregiver component, with greater emphasis on helping individuals with dementia and their family caregivers establish new and meaningful ways to maintain connectedness. Therefore, there is an existing research gap in examining how different reminiscence programs are structured to engage caregivers, and to explore the effectiveness and feasibility of these caregiver-involved approaches.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTill today, only one review has focused caregiver-involved reminiscence, whereby a total of 20 quantitative and qualitative articles were systematically reviewed reminiscence with a dyadic approach (Ingersoll-Dayton et al., 2019). On top of that, a scoping review was also conducted to examine the practices of involving family caregivers in interventions stemming from PwDs\u0026rsquo; unmet needs in nursing homes (Tasseron-Dries et al., 2023). Yet, a different angle should be undertaken to understand reminiscence\u0026rsquo;s potential as a therapeutic tool for caregivers to manage dementia care in the community. Ingersoll-Dayton et al. (2019) has also rightfully point out that dyadic reminiscence interventions remain unclear as a concept itself. The lack of clarity in how caregivers are involved in reminiscence thus calls for a need to explore the current literature evidence of caregiver-involved reminiscence and if there is a potential for a paradigm shift to caregiver-led reminiscence to achieve synergistic benefits for PWD and their caregivers, ultimately refining dementia care practices in the community. Understanding any passive engagement of caregivers in reminiscence will also be important in informing the real-world application of the findings, thereby helping to develop more targeted interventions and support programs for caregivers. In essence, exploring the spectrum of caregivers\u0026rsquo; involvement will allow a more nuanced and complete understanding of the present practices in home reminiscence.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePotential for Scoping Review\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGiven the few studies focusing on caregiver-led reminiscence, which is an emerging field in dementia care, it is too premature to conduct a systematic review to generate clinical recommendations. Instead, the available pool of evidence on caregiver-involved reminiscence can be identified and mapped. Its results will then seek to inform the key features, barriers, and facilitators that guides the successful implementation of reminiscence practices involving both the caregivers and the PwDs. Its results will also seek to provide better clarity on the concept of caregiver-led reminiscence. The primary aim of this scoping review is to map the existing literature on the involvement of familial caregivers in reminiscence activities for persons with dementia. The scoping review will aim to address the following review questions:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003ePrimary review question\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn what ways are familial caregivers involved in reminiscence activities for persons with dementia at home, and what are the reported outcomes and impacts of this involvement on both the person with dementia and the caregiver?\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003eSecondary review question\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWhat types of reminiscence activities are employed when familial caregivers are involved?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWhat training or support do familial caregivers receive in the engagement of reminiscence activities with persons with dementia?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWhat are the measured outcomes of reminiscence interventions that involve both persons with dementia and their familial caregivers?\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWhat are the measured impacts of being involved in reminiscence interventions from familial caregivers\u0026rsquo; perspectives?\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e"},{"header":"Protocol Methods/Design","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis scoping review has registered its priori protocol with the Open Science Framework. This scoping review protocol will be guided by PRISMA-P (\u003cem\u003eAppendix A\u003c/em\u003e). A preliminary search for existing scoping reviews and systematic reviews on caregiver-involved reminiscence was conducted in October 2024 via Google Scholar and PubMed. This search confirms that there are no current or existing underway scoping reviews on the topic of caregiver-led reminiscence. This scoping review will take an inductive approach to explore the concept of \u0026ldquo;caregiver-involved reminiscence\u0026rdquo; and follow the guidelines outlined by JBI Manual For Evidence Synthesis: Scoping Reviews Chapter ((Pollock et al., 2024).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEligibility Criteria\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eTable 1: Eligibility criteria for scoping review\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 277px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInclusion Criteria\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 233px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExclusion Criteria\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParticipants\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 277px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePerson with Dementia (PwD)\u003c/strong\u003e refers to an individual who is identified with any type of dementia, including but not limited to, Alzheimer\u0026apos;s disease, vascular disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and frontotemporal dementia. Assessment tools used to identify participants may include, but are not limited to: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) , Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Addenbrooke\u0026apos;s Cognitive Examination (ACE).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStudies that conducted subgroup analyses with more than 80% of PWD will be included.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 233px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThis review will exclude articles or studies that only identified persons with \u0026ldquo;cognitive impairment\u0026rdquo;, without a proper identification of dementia.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 277px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCaregiver of PwD\u003c/strong\u003e refers to an individual who is family-related to the PwD and provides direct caregiving tasks to their PwD. This includes but is not limited to their spouse, sibling and child. Caregiving tasks may vary from assisting in daily activities to simple decision-making on the PwD\u0026rsquo;s behalf.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 233px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eConcept\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 277px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReminiscence\u003c/strong\u003e refers to the act of remembering, recalling and story-telling an individual\u0026rsquo;s past events, often guided and with provided stimuli. Reminiscence activities that are under-covered as \u0026ldquo;life story work\u0026rdquo; or other related terms may also be considered.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 233px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThis review will also exclude articles or studies that used \u0026ldquo;cognitive therapy\u0026rdquo; interventions that focus on mental exercises rather than tapping into one\u0026rsquo;s emotional or social memory.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 277px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;involvement of caregivers\u003c/strong\u003e may include both their passive and active participation. This may be reflected in studies as activities done in the presence of caregivers or activities delivered by caregivers.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 233px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContext\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 277px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCommunal setting refers\u003c/strong\u003e to\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003ecaregiving and living carried out at an individual\u0026apos;s home, with or without living with the family members and/or PWD.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 233px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eActivities that are conducted in institutionalised settings such as acute care hospitals and long-term care facilities will be excluded from this review.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eActivities that are conducted by professional staffs in the community (e.g. day centres) without any involvement of family members are excluded from this review.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTypes of sources\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 277px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrimary research studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and case reports are included in this study. There will be no year limitation for this scoping review. \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 233px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNumber of Years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 277px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTo provide an overview of \u003cstrong\u003erecent studies\u003c/strong\u003e on caregiver-led reminiscence for PwD, this review will search published and grey literature in English from the past 10 years in major relevant databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO, Cochrane.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 233px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSearch Strategy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA three-step search strategy will be utilised as recommended by Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) to identify existing relevant literature for both published and unpublished studies. Firstly, an initial limited search will be conducted on two established databases to identify the relevant search terms for this scoping review. For instance, PubMed and CINAHL which are both relevant to scoping reviews and the topic of reminiscence will be searched e.g. (\u0026quot;dementia\u0026quot; AND \u0026quot;reminiscence\u0026quot; AND \u0026quot;scoping\u0026quot;). Text words contained in the titles, abstracts and index terms of these retrieved articles will be analysed to develop a comprehensive and relevant search repository in preparation for the second search (See Table 1 in Appendix B). In the second search, all identified keywords and index terms will be applied to all relevant databases: PubMed (via Ovid), Embase (via Embase.com), CINAHL (via EBSCO Publishing), Scopus (Elsevier), Cochrane (via The Cochrane Library) and Web of Science (via Thomson Reuters). Each search string is customised based on each database\u0026rsquo;s needs (See Table 2 for PubMed\u0026rsquo;s full search strategy and the other search strategies in Appendix B). The search strategy will be confirmed with a librarian to ensure an accurate and sufficient search and agreed by two independent reviewers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2: Final search strategy of PubMed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey concepts\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 28px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePersons with Dementia\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 29px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReminiscence\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCaregiver involvement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFree text terms/ Keywords\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 28px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDementia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAlzheimer*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLewy Bod* dementia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrontotemporal dementia\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 29px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReminiscence\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLife review\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLife story books\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eItem recall\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRemembering\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMemory\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 24px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCaregiver*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFamil*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCare dyad*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDyad*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHusband*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWife*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCarer*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSpouse*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eControlled vocabulary\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eterms\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(MeSH terms)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 28px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDementia\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 29px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMental Recall\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMemory, episodic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 24px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCaregivers\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFamily\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSpouses\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFamily relations\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFinal full search strings\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u0026quot;dementia\u0026quot;[MeSH Terms] OR \u0026quot;alzheimer disease\u0026quot;[MeSH Terms] OR \u0026quot;dementia\u0026quot;[tiab] OR \u0026quot;alzheimer*\u0026quot;[tiab] OR \u0026quot;lewy bod* dementia\u0026quot;[tiab] OR \u0026quot;frontotemporal dementia\u0026quot;[tiab] AND (\u0026quot;caregivers\u0026quot;[MeSH Terms] OR \u0026quot;family\u0026quot;[MeSH Terms] OR \u0026quot;spouses\u0026quot;[MeSH Terms] OR \u0026quot;family relations\u0026quot;[MeSH Terms] OR \u0026quot;caregiver*\u0026quot;[tiab] OR \u0026quot;dyad*\u0026quot;[tiab] OR \u0026quot;spouse*\u0026quot;[tiab] OR \u0026quot;dyadic relationship\u0026quot;[tiab]) AND ((\u0026quot;mental recall\u0026quot;[MeSH Terms] OR \u0026quot;memory, episodic\u0026quot;[MeSH Terms] OR (\u0026quot;reminisce\u0026quot;[tiab] OR \u0026quot;reminisced\u0026quot;[tiab] OR \u0026quot;reminiscence\u0026quot;[tiab] OR \u0026quot;reminiscences\u0026quot;[tiab] OR \u0026quot;reminiscing\u0026quot;[tiab]) OR \u0026quot;life review\u0026quot;[tiab] OR \u0026quot;life history\u0026quot;[tiab] OR \u0026quot;life story\u0026quot;[tiab] OR \u0026quot;life experiences\u0026quot;[tiab] OR \u0026quot;item recall\u0026quot;[tiab] OR \u0026quot;remember*\u0026quot;[tiab])\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eResults: 397 (run on 31 March 2025)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLimits applied: None\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThirdly, both backward and forward citation tracking will be searched. This means that the reference list identified articles, as well as the list of articles citing these identified articles, will be screened for additional sources. Handsearching from targeted journals will not apply to this scoping review, as most journals related to reminiscence and dementia care can already be found in these five chosen databases. Should there be a need for further information, authors of primary sources or organisations will be contacted. Only sources published in English will be included due to the reviewers\u0026rsquo; language limitations. Following the search, all identified citations will be collated and uploaded into Rayyan (Ouzzani et al., 2016) for the management of the search results from all the identified databases, with duplicates removed. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSource of evidence selection\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA pilot testing before source selection will be conducted. This includes a random sample of twenty-five titles/abstracts via Rayyan, where two reviewers will independently screen studies based on the eligibility criteria and assess them against the inclusion criteria for the review. Should there be large discrepancies in the screening results, a third reviewer will adjudicate to modify and clarify the eligibility. The screening process will then be guided by the aforementioned pilot testing, where the two reviewers will independently screen the titles, abstracts and subsequently the full text of selected citations. Reasons for excluding sources of evidence at the full-text stage that do not meet the inclusion criteria will be documented and reported in the scoping review (\u003cem\u003eAppendix C\u003c/em\u003e). Any disagreements between reviewers during the selection process will be resolved through discussion or by involving additional reviewer(s). The search results and the study inclusion process will be fully detailed in the final scoping review and presented in a PRISMA flow diagram (\u003cem\u003eAppendix D\u003c/em\u003e).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData extraction\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData will be extracted from the papers included in the scoping review by two or more independent reviewers, using a data extraction tool developed by the team when guided by UK Medical Research Council\u0026rsquo;s framework for evaluating complex interventions (Skivington et al., 2021).\u0026nbsp;A data extraction table (\u003cem\u003eAppendix E\u003c/em\u003e) will be developed and piloted at the protocol stage using three full-text articles to ensure that all necessary information is captured. The confirmed data extraction table will be extrapolated into Microsoft 365 Excel for data management. Data extracted will include specific details like author(s), year of publication, origin/country of origin, aims/purpose, population and sample size within the source of evidence (if applicable), methodology, intervention type, Details of reminiscence intervention (duration, frequency, contents covered), the involvement of caregivers (who, when, where and how), outcomes measured (both quantitatively and qualitatively), and any other key findings that relate to the scoping review question/s. The data extraction tool will be modified and refined as needed during the extraction process for each included source of evidence, with any changes detailed in the scoping review. Any disagreements between the reviewers will be resolved through discussion or with the involvement of the third reviewer. If necessary, authors of the papers will be contacted to request missing or additional data.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnalysis of the evidence\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData extracted will be characterised according to the types of involvement of familial caregivers across the different types of reminiscence interventions. This combination of data will require both deductive and inductive coding strategies, whereby quantitative data will be descriptively mapped into frequency counts and simple descriptive statistics, while qualitative data will undergo content analysis (Pollock et al., 2024).\u0026nbsp;Anticipated data that will be mapped quantitatively based on the objectives of this scoping review will include: the content/duration of reminiscence conducted, the number of training support provided to caregivers, caregivers\u0026apos; characteristics and the PWD\u0026rsquo;s characteristics. Descriptive statistics will also be conducted to analyse the caregiver-related outcomes of reminiscence interventions. Depending on the results, descriptive qualitative content analysis will be undertaken to analyse the nature of caregiver involvement and their perspectives. This will include the experiences of caregivers when they are involved in reminiscence, and their perceptions of participating in reminiscence with their loved ones. Thematic analysis will not be applicable for scoping reviews. The analysis will be completed collaboratively by two reviewers, and any disagreements requiring further discussion will be resolved in team meetings in presence of a third reviewer.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePresentation of results\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data charted as results seek to identify, characterise and summarise the research evidence regarding caregiver-involved reminiscence. The results will be summarised in tables/charts with a descriptive summary of how the results relate to this review\u0026rsquo;s objectives and review questions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis protocol is for a scoping review that aims to map and understand the extent and type of evidence surrounding caregiver-involved reminiscence activities for PwDs, which then seeks to establish a foundational understanding of caregiver-involved reminiscence activities in dementia care. Contemporary initial studies on reminiscence have presented established benefits, including improved cognitive function, reduced behavioural symptoms, and enhanced emotional well-being for PwDs (Cammisuli et al., 2022; Saragih et al., 2022). However, few studies focus specifically on caregiver-involved reminiscence (Abu Khait \u0026amp; Shellman, 2020; Ingersoll-Dayton et al., 2019), an approach that may personalise the therapeutic experience and strengthen bonds through shared memories and storytelling.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFindings from this review might help to highlight areas requiring further study, such as identifying which reminiscence approaches are most effective when led by caregivers, evaluating long-term benefits, and understanding variations across different types of dementia. Future research could also explore ways to support caregivers more fully, identifying practical resources, training, or technological tools that could further facilitate their role in reminiscence activities.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, there are some practical and operational issues that may arise during this review process. \u0026nbsp;Although this scoping review is limited to English studies, this restriction may overlook significant research from non-English speaking regions, where reminiscence practices and caregiver roles may vary. It will therefore be important to recognise this limitation and document its implications for interpretation. Additionally, although reminiscence is well-studied, many studies do not specify the extent or nature of caregiver involvement (i.e., active facilitation versus passive participation). Identifying and isolating studies that explicitly focus on caregiver-involved reminiscence activities may limit the pool of eligible studies, complicating data extraction and analysis. Strategies, like screening for keywords related to caregiver involvement, will help to address this.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003ePwDs: Persons with Dementia\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor contributions\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eXML and EYHC will serve as the independent peer reviewers for this scoping review. In this role, they will screen the data for eligibility, assess it against the review\u0026rsquo;s inclusion criteria, extract relevant information, conduct data analysis, and draft the scoping review. GFGJ will serve as the third reviewer to adjudicate in the event of discrepancies. \u0026nbsp; EYC will provide guidance on the protocol, offer valuable insights, and contribute to the writing and editing of the scoping review. All authors will review the scoping review, approve the final version of the review, meet the criteria for authorship, and consent to be listed as authors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eChan, E-Y, Lim, Z.-X., Ding, Y. Y., Chan, Y. H., \u0026amp; Lim, W. S. (2019). Development of\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ea brief caregiver-centric screening tool to identify risk of depression among caregivers of hospitalized older adults. The Journal of Nutrition, Health \u0026amp; Aging, 23(6), 578\u0026ndash;585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-019-1197-7\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAbu Khait, A., \u0026amp; Shellman, J. (2020). Reminiscence in the Care of People with Mild Dementia: A Concept Analysis. \u003cem\u003eNursing Forum\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e55\u003c/em\u003e(2), 282\u0026ndash;293. https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12427\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eCammisuli, D. M., Cipriani, G., Giusti, E. M., \u0026amp; Castelnuovo, G. (2022). Effects of Reminiscence Therapy on Cognition, Depression and Quality of Life in Elderly People with Alzheimer\u0026rsquo;s Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. \u003cem\u003eJournal of Clinical Medicine\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e11\u003c/em\u003e(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195752\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eCao, Q., Tan, C.-C., Xu, W., Hu, H., Cao, X.-P., Dong, Q., Tan, L., \u0026amp; Yu, J.-T. (2020). The Prevalence of Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. \u003cem\u003eJournal of Alzheimer\u0026rsquo;s Disease\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e : JAD\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e73\u003c/em\u003e(3), 1157\u0026ndash;1166. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-191092\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eCharlesworth, G., Burnell, K., Crellin, N., Hoare, Z., Hoe, J., Knapp, M., Russell, I., Wenborn, J., Woods, B., \u0026amp; Orrell, M. (2016). Peer support and reminiscence therapy for people with dementia and their family carers: A factorial pragmatic randomised trial. \u003cem\u003eJournal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e87\u003c/em\u003e(11), 1218\u0026ndash;1228. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2016-313736\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eChiao, C.-Y., Wu, H.-S., \u0026amp; Hsiao, C.-Y. (2015). Caregiver burden for informal caregivers of patients with dementia: A systematic review. \u003cem\u003eInternational Nursing Review\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e62\u003c/em\u003e(3), 340\u0026ndash;350. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12194\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eCotelli, M., Manenti, R., \u0026amp; Zanetti, O. (2012). Reminiscence therapy in dementia: A review. \u003cem\u003eMaturitas\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e72\u003c/em\u003e(3), 203\u0026ndash;205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.04.008\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eDuplantier, S. C., \u0026amp; Williamson, F. A. (2023). Barriers and Facilitators of Health and Well-Being in Informal Caregivers of Dementia Patients: A Qualitative Study. \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e20\u003c/em\u003e(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054328\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eFletcher, T. S., \u0026amp; Eckberg, J. D. (2014). The Effects of Creative Reminiscing on Individuals with Dementia and Their Caregivers: A Pilot Study. \u003cem\u003ePhysical \u0026amp; Occupational Therapy In Geriatrics\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e32\u003c/em\u003e(1), 68\u0026ndash;84. https://doi.org/10.3109/02703181.2014.880863\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eGale, S. A., Acar, D., \u0026amp; Daffner, K. R. (2018). Dementia. \u003cem\u003eThe American Journal of Medicine\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e131\u003c/em\u003e(10), 1161\u0026ndash;1169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.01.022\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eGitlin, L. N., Cigliana, J., Cigliana, K., \u0026amp; Pappa, K. (2017). Supporting Family Caregivers of Persons With Dementia in the Community: Description of the \u0026lsquo;Memory Care Home Solutions\u0026rsquo; Program and Its Impacts. \u003cem\u003eInnovation in Aging\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e1\u003c/em\u003e(1), igx013. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igx013\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eIngersoll-Dayton, B., Kropf, N., Campbell, R., \u0026amp; Parker, M. (2019). A systematic review of dyadic approaches to reminiscence and life review among older adults. \u003cem\u003eAging \u0026amp; Mental Health\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e23\u003c/em\u003e(9), 1074\u0026ndash;1085. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2018.1555696\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMelunsky, N., Crellin, N., Dudzinski, E., Orrell, M., Wenborn, J., Poland, F., Woods, B., \u0026amp; Charlesworth, G. (2015). The experience of family carers attending a joint reminiscence group with people with dementia: A thematic analysis. \u003cem\u003eDementia (London, England)\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e14\u003c/em\u003e(6), 842\u0026ndash;859. https://doi.org/10.1177/1471301213516332\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eNemcikova, M., Katreniakova, Z., \u0026amp; Nagyova, I. (2023). Social support, positive caregiving experience, and caregiver burden in informal caregivers of older adults with dementia. \u003cem\u003eFrontiers in Public Health\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e11\u003c/em\u003e. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1104250\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eNichols, E., Steinmetz, J. D., Vollset, S. E., Fukutaki, K., Chalek, J., Abd-Allah, F., Abdoli, A., Abualhasan, A., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Akram, T. T., Al Hamad, H., Alahdab, F., Alanezi, F. M., Alipour, V., Almustanyir, S., Amu, H., Ansari, I., Arabloo, J., Ashraf, T., \u0026hellip; Vos, T. (2022). Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: An analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. \u003cem\u003eThe Lancet Public Health\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e7\u003c/em\u003e(2), e105\u0026ndash;e125. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00249-8\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eOuzzani, M., Hammady, H., Fedorowicz, Z., \u0026amp; Elmagarmid, A. (2016). Rayyan\u0026mdash;A web and mobile app for systematic reviews. \u003cem\u003eSystematic Reviews\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e5\u003c/em\u003e(1), 210. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-016-0384-4\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePark, K., Lee, S., Yang, J., Song, T., \u0026amp; Hong, G.-R. S. (2019). A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of reminiscence therapy for people with dementia. \u003cem\u003eInternational Psychogeriatrics\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e31\u003c/em\u003e(11), 1581\u0026ndash;1597. Cambridge Core. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610218002168\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePollock, D., Evans, C., Menghao Jia, R., Alexander, L., Pieper, D., Brand\u0026atilde;o de Moraes, \u0026Eacute;., Peters, M. D. J., Tricco, A. C., Khalil, H., Godfrey, C. M., Saran, A., Campbell, F., \u0026amp; Munn, Z. (2024). \u0026ldquo;How-to\u0026rdquo;: Scoping review? \u003cem\u003eJournal of Clinical Epidemiology\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e176\u003c/em\u003e, 111572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2024.111572\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eQueluz, F. N. F. R., Kervin, E., Wozney, L., Fancey, P., McGrath, P. J., \u0026amp; Keefe, J. (2020). Understanding the needs of caregivers of persons with dementia: A scoping review. \u003cem\u003eInternational Psychogeriatrics\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e32\u003c/em\u003e(1), 35\u0026ndash;52. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610219000243\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSaragih, I. D., Tonapa, S. I., Yao, C.-T., Saragih, I. S., \u0026amp; Lee, B.-O. (2022). Effects of reminiscence therapy in people with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. \u003cem\u003eJournal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e29\u003c/em\u003e(6), 883\u0026ndash;903. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12830\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSkivington, K., Matthews, L., Simpson, S. A., Craig, P., Baird, J., Blazeby, J. M., Boyd, K. A., Craig, N., French, D. P., McIntosh, E., Petticrew, M., Rycroft-Malone, J., White, M., \u0026amp; Moore, L. (2021). A new framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions: Update of Medical Research Council guidance. \u003cem\u003eBMJ\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e374\u003c/em\u003e, n2061. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n2061\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eTasseron-Dries, P. E. M., Smaling, H. J. A., Nakanishi, M., Achterberg, W. P., \u0026amp; van der Steen, J. T. (2023). What are best practices for involving family caregivers in interventions aimed at responsive behaviour stemming from unmet needs of people with dementia in nursing homes: A scoping review. \u003cem\u003eBMJ Open\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e13\u003c/em\u003e(12), e071804. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-071804\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWimo, A., Seeher, K., Cataldi, R., Cyhlarova, E., Dielemann, J. L., Frisell, O., Guerchet, M., J\u0026ouml;nsson, L., Malaha, A. K., Nichols, E., Pedroza, P., Prince, M., Knapp, M., \u0026amp; Dua, T. (2023). The worldwide costs of dementia in 2019. \u003cem\u003eAlzheimer\u0026rsquo;s \u0026amp; Dementia\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e19\u003c/em\u003e(7), 2865\u0026ndash;2873. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12901\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWoods, R. T., Orrell, M., Bruce, E., Edwards, R. T., Hoare, Z., Hounsome, B., Keady, J., Moniz-Cook, E., Orgeta, V., Rees, J., \u0026amp; Russell, I. (2016). REMCARE: Pragmatic Multi-Centre Randomised Trial of Reminiscence Groups for People with Dementia and their Family Carers: Effectiveness and Economic Analysis. \u003cem\u003ePLOS ONE\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e11\u003c/em\u003e(4), e0152843. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152843\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWorld Health Organization (2023, March 15). \u003cem\u003eDementia\u003c/em\u003e. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dementia\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"systematic-reviews","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"sysr","sideBox":"Learn more about [Systematic Reviews](http://systematicreviewsjournal.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/sysr/default.aspx","title":"Systematic Reviews","twitterHandle":"@MedicalEvidence","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Dementia, Reminiscence, Caregivers","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5458473/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5458473/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground\u003c/strong\u003e: Reminiscence has been shown to improve cognitive functions in persons with dementia and maintain meaningful relationships with their familial caregivers. However, there is a dearth of reviews on caregiver-involved or caregiver-led reminiscence activities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eObjectives:\u003c/strong\u003e This protocol aims to outline the process for a scoping review of the existing literature on caregiver-involved reminiscence for persons with dementia.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInclusion criteria\u003c/strong\u003e: This review will examine studies involving persons with dementia diagnosed with any form of dementia (i.e., Alzheimer’s, vascular dementia, Lewy body, or frontotemporal dementia), and their familial caregivers. It will focus on reminiscence activities involving any recalling and storytelling of past events, sometimes known as \"life story work.\", where caregivers may actively or passively participate or facilitate. The context is community care, specifically at a home setting. The review will cover literature including primary research, reviews, meta-analyses, and case reports.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods\u003c/strong\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLiterature written in English and publishedin the last 10 years will be searched in major relevant databases which are PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO, Cochrane and Web of Science. Based on the inclusion criteria, the scoping review will include reviews, quantitative primary studies, qualitative primary studies and mixed methods studies. Two reviewers will independently select the articles based on the agreed search strategy and inclusion criteria. Data will be extracted by the two reviewers independently using a standardized data extraction tool. Descriptive mapping and descriptive content analysis will be used to analyse and present the results.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDiscussion\u003c/strong\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis protocol will outline the scoping review of current literature on caregiver-involved reminiscence for persons with dementia. The scoping review’s findings aim to identify the research gaps in this emerging field where reminiscence is not just pertaining to persons with dementia, but involved or even led by caregivers. This will thereby provide guidance for future studies on caregiver engagement with persons with dementia in the community and outpatient settings, and provide insights into effective caregiver-involved reminiscence activities. Practical challenges include study heterogeneity on specific caregiver involvement.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRegistration DOI:\u0026nbsp;https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/H2ZST\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Caregiver-Involved Reminiscence for Persons with Dementia: A Scoping Review Protocol","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-04-09 11:11:28","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5458473/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2025-04-04T07:41:12+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-04-04T07:39:11+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-04-04T02:07:27+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Systematic Reviews","date":"2025-04-02T23:40:32+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"decision","content":"Minor revision","date":"2024-12-15T15:46:16+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"systematic-reviews","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"sysr","sideBox":"Learn more about [Systematic Reviews](http://systematicreviewsjournal.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/sysr/default.aspx","title":"Systematic Reviews","twitterHandle":"@MedicalEvidence","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"f209548b-d7ad-491c-a8cc-53ab0f4a1531","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 9th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-07-07T16:17:08+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-5458473","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-025-02865-5","journal":{"identity":"systematic-reviews","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Systematic Reviews"},"publishedOn":"2025-07-02 15:57:19","publishedOnDateReadable":"July 2nd, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-04-09 11:11:28","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s13643-025-02865-5","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-025-02865-5","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5458473","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5458473","identity":"rs-5458473","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}