Endometrial and cervical histopathology in adenomyosis

Background and Aim: Adenomyosis is a common benign uterine condition characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium, often accompanied by various endometrial and cervical pathologies. This study aimed to analyze the histopathological changes in the endometrium and cervix in hysterectomy specimens showing adenomyosis. Materials and Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 hysterectomy specimens with adenomyosis in a tertiary care hospital in India. Specimens were evaluated macroscopically and microscopically, and findings in the endometrium and cervix were recorded. Pap smear results were also analyzed. Data were compiled and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Most patients were aged 40-50 years and were multiparous. Endometrial findings included proliferative and secretory patterns, hyperplasia, and disordered proliferative endometrium. Cervical findings were dominated by chronic cervicitis, endocervical polyps, and varying grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Pap smear analysis revealed inflammation, dysplasia, and malignancy in several cases, underscoring the importance of routine cervical screening. Conclusion: Adenomyosis frequently coexists with significant endometrial and cervical pathologies. Routine histopathological examination of hysterectomy specimens is crucial for early detection of premalignant and malignant conditions, and Pap smear screening remains vital for comprehensive gynecological care.