Numerical method and Validation using ANN of Composite Steel-Concrete Beam for Optimized Geometry and Emplacement of Web Opening

Numerical method and Validation using ANN of Composite Steel-Concrete Beam for Optimized Geometry and Emplacement of Web Opening | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Numerical method and Validation using ANN of Composite Steel-Concrete Beam for Optimized Geometry and Emplacement of Web Opening Sheik Mastan, Anandh S, Sindhu Nachiar S This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3190886/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 7 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Composite steel-concrete beams are widely used in buildings and bridges due to their nature, ease of construction, low cost, and excellent structural performance. Ventilation ducts and pipes under beams in high-rise buildings restrict floor clearance. Composite steel-concrete beams with web openings can overcome the abovementioned impediments but have lower flexural strength and load-carrying capacity. This study has been conducted to optimize the geometry and emplacement of the opening for the enhancement of its structural behavior. Three geometries (circle, rectangle, and triangle) were considered in the composite steel-concrete beam and analyzed using ABAQUS v6.14. The optimized geometry is emplaced at varying positions between the end of the support and mid-the span. Based on stress concentration and the maximum stress resistance, the circular geometry placed at one-third of the span was effective from the numerical analysis. The load-carrying capacity of the beams was predicted using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model, and the results were validated by Multiple Determination Coefficients (R2) and Mean Square Error (MSE). The results of R2 and MSE for all the models were found to be greater than 0.94 and less than 0.09, respectively. This indicates that ANN provides a perfect fit for the numerical data. Composite steel-concrete beam Web Openings Numerical Analysis stress concentration ANN Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Major revision 21 Jul, 2023 Reviews received at journal 21 Jul, 2023 Reviewers agreed at journal 21 Jul, 2023 Reviewers invited by journal 21 Jul, 2023 Editor assigned by journal 21 Jul, 2023 Submission checks completed at journal 21 Jul, 2023 First submitted to journal 21 Jul, 2023 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3190886","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":220442945,"identity":"4122ad23-3821-4c99-9720-ecd2a7c9f561","order_by":0,"name":"Sheik Mastan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"SRM Institute of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sheik","middleName":"","lastName":"Mastan","suffix":""},{"id":220442946,"identity":"acd4b00d-88a9-4821-a3d4-9668be302b21","order_by":1,"name":"Anandh S","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA5UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLAC3gYGORB9gAFKHiBGizFEcQIJWhIbwKwEBsLq+Wc3P3vwdkdd+vzZpxMP/vzBIMd3I4HxcAEeLRJ3jpkbzj1zOHfDudwNh3kSGIwlbyQwHJ6Bz5obCWbSvG0Hcjfw8G44DHRY4gaQFh48OuRvpH8DaqlLl+/h3XDwRwJDPUEtBjdyQLYwJzCc4d1wAOiwBANCWgxv5JRJzm07bLgBqOUwT5qE4cwzDxvwapG7kb5N4m1bnTzQYZs//rCxkec7nnz4Mz4t6EACiBkbSNAwCkbBKBgFowAbAABP7VQtp4OjgwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"SRM Institute of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Anandh","middleName":"","lastName":"S","suffix":""},{"id":220442949,"identity":"ea4feb49-e2ff-4e85-b678-d2d6950cd0f8","order_by":2,"name":"Sindhu Nachiar S","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"SRM Institute of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sindhu","middleName":"Nachiar","lastName":"S","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2023-07-21 07:42:24","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3190886/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3190886/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":40514708,"identity":"8336dbc5-93e2-4699-90d0-99594a9fe507","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-07-25 06:53:11","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1794753,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"92.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3190886/v1_covered_b8803e8d-10e6-4262-a37c-53b645323ee7.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Numerical method and Validation using ANN of Composite Steel-Concrete Beam for Optimized Geometry and Emplacement of Web Opening","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"asian-journal-of-civil-engineering","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Asian Journal of Civil Engineering](https://www.springer.com/journal/42107)","snPcode":"42107","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/42107/3","title":"Asian Journal of Civil Engineering","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Composite steel-concrete beam, Web Openings, Numerical Analysis, stress concentration, ANN","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3190886/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3190886/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Composite steel-concrete beams are widely used in buildings and bridges due to their nature, ease of construction, low cost, and excellent structural performance. Ventilation ducts and pipes under beams in high-rise buildings restrict floor clearance. Composite steel-concrete beams with web openings can overcome the abovementioned impediments but have lower flexural strength and load-carrying capacity. This study has been conducted to optimize the geometry and emplacement of the opening for the enhancement of its structural behavior. Three geometries (circle, rectangle, and triangle) were considered in the composite steel-concrete beam and analyzed using ABAQUS v6.14. The optimized geometry is emplaced at varying positions between the end of the support and mid-the span. Based on stress concentration and the maximum stress resistance, the circular geometry placed at one-third of the span was effective from the numerical analysis. The load-carrying capacity of the beams was predicted using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model, and the results were validated by Multiple Determination Coefficients (R2) and Mean Square Error (MSE). The results of R2 and MSE for all the models were found to be greater than 0.94 and less than 0.09, respectively. 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