The Role of Education in Fostering Entrepreneurial Skills and Mindsets

The Role of Education in Fostering Entrepreneurial Skills and Mindsets | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article The Role of Education in Fostering Entrepreneurial Skills and Mindsets Yuyeong Park This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3990800/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Entrepreneurship education plays a crucial role in equipping individuals with the skills, mindset, and resources necessary to navigate the complexities of the modern economy. This study examines the role of education in fostering entrepreneurial skills and mindsets, drawing upon a synthesis of existing literature and analysis of empirical evidence. Through a comprehensive review, several key themes emerge, including the diversity of entrepreneurship education initiatives, the importance of experiential learning, the role of educators and mentors, the significance of entrepreneurial ecosystems, the influence of contextual factors, and the need for rigorous evaluation. Findings suggest that entrepreneurship education encompasses a wide range of programs and approaches across educational settings, emphasizing creativity, resilience, and problem-solving skills. Experiential learning emerges as a particularly effective pedagogical approach, enabling students to apply theoretical concepts in real-world settings and develop practical skills. Moreover, educators and mentors play a crucial role in shaping students' entrepreneurial development by providing guidance, support, and networking opportunities. Contextual factors, such as cultural norms and institutional frameworks, significantly influence the design and effectiveness of entrepreneurship education initiatives. However, realizing the full potential of entrepreneurship education requires a concerted effort to design inclusive, experiential, and contextually relevant initiatives. Furthermore, rigorous evaluation and research are needed to assess the long-term impact of entrepreneurship education on students' career trajectories and economic outcomes. Entrepreneurship education entrepreneurial skills experiential learning educators mentors entrepreneurial ecosystems contextual factors rigorous evaluation. 1. Introduction Education plays a pivotal role in shaping individuals' abilities, perspectives, and aspirations. Among its manifold objectives, education is increasingly acknowledged for its potential in fostering entrepreneurial skills and mindsets. In an era marked by rapid technological advancements, globalization, and evolving economic landscapes, the significance of entrepreneurship has surged as a driving force behind innovation, economic growth, and job creation. Consequently, there is a growing recognition of the need to cultivate entrepreneurial competencies within educational settings to prepare individuals for the challenges and opportunities of the contemporary world. The term "entrepreneurship" encompasses a diverse array of activities, ranging from starting and managing businesses to initiating social ventures and driving organizational innovation. At its core, entrepreneurship embodies a mindset characterized by creativity, risk-taking, resilience, and a proclivity for seizing opportunities amid uncertainty. While traditional education systems have historically focused on imparting knowledge and skills relevant to established professions, there is a burgeoning acknowledgment that nurturing entrepreneurial capabilities is essential for equipping individuals with the agility and adaptability required to thrive in dynamic environments. In recent years, scholarly discourse has increasingly emphasized the role of education in cultivating entrepreneurial mindsets and skills. Researchers have explored various dimensions of this phenomenon, examining how educational interventions, pedagogical approaches, and institutional environments influence individuals' entrepreneurial development. Moreover, empirical studies have sought to elucidate the pathways through which educational experiences shape entrepreneurial intentions, behaviors, and outcomes across diverse contexts. The contemporary understanding of entrepreneurship education extends beyond the confines of traditional business schools to encompass a broader spectrum of educational settings, including primary, secondary, and tertiary institutions. This reflects a recognition that entrepreneurial competencies are relevant not only to aspiring business owners but also to individuals pursuing careers in various sectors and disciplines. Consequently, efforts to integrate entrepreneurship into educational curricula have gained momentum, with initiatives ranging from dedicated courses and programs to experiential learning opportunities and ecosystem-building initiatives. In parallel, there has been a proliferation of research examining the effectiveness and impact of entrepreneurship education initiatives. Scholars have sought to identify best practices, pedagogical approaches, and contextual factors that enhance the efficacy of entrepreneurial education interventions. Furthermore, there is growing interest in understanding the long-term effects of entrepreneurship education on individuals' career trajectories, propensity for innovation, and contribution to socioeconomic development. Amidst these developments, it is essential to recognize that entrepreneurship education is not a one-size-fits-all endeavor. Contextual factors, including cultural norms, institutional frameworks, and economic conditions, profoundly shape the design and implementation of entrepreneurship education initiatives. Therefore, a nuanced understanding of the intersection between education and entrepreneurship is crucial for developing tailored interventions that resonate with diverse learners and contexts. This qualitative research seeks to contribute to the burgeoning body of literature on the role of education in fostering entrepreneurial skills and mindsets. Drawing upon insights from interdisciplinary scholarship, empirical studies, and theoretical frameworks, this study aims to explore the multifaceted dynamics underlying the nexus between education and entrepreneurship. By synthesizing existing research and offering novel perspectives, this research endeavors to inform policy and practice in entrepreneurship education and contribute to the broader discourse on fostering innovation, economic development, and social progress. 2. Literature Review The literature on the intersection of education and entrepreneurship is rich and multifaceted, reflecting the diverse perspectives, approaches, and empirical findings that characterize this field of inquiry. Scholars from various disciplines, including education, economics, management, psychology, and sociology, have contributed to our understanding of how education shapes entrepreneurial skills and mindsets. In this literature review, we synthesize key themes, theoretical frameworks, and empirical insights to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of education in fostering entrepreneurial competencies. One prominent strand of research focuses on the conceptualization and measurement of entrepreneurial skills and mindsets. Scholars have identified a range of competencies that are critical for entrepreneurial success, including creativity, opportunity recognition, risk-taking, resilience, and adaptability (M. H. Emon & Nipa, 2024 ). For instance, Shane and Venkataraman ( 2000 ) propose that entrepreneurship involves the discovery, evaluation, and exploitation of opportunities, highlighting the cognitive and behavioral dimensions of entrepreneurial thinking. Similarly, the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) project has developed a framework that encompasses various dimensions of entrepreneurial activity, including opportunity perception, innovation, and resource mobilization (Reynolds et al., 2005). These conceptualizations provide a foundation for understanding the skills and mindsets that education aims to cultivate among learners. Building on these conceptual frameworks, scholars have explored the role of education in fostering entrepreneurial skills and mindsets. Entrepreneurship education initiatives encompass a wide range of pedagogical approaches, including classroom instruction, experiential learning, mentorship, and networking activities. By providing students with opportunities to develop practical skills, knowledge, and attitudes relevant to entrepreneurship, these interventions aim to stimulate entrepreneurial thinking and behavior (Fayolle & Gailly, 2015). Moreover, entrepreneurship education can contribute to the formation of entrepreneurial identities and aspirations, influencing individuals' career choices and pathways (Kuratko, 2005 ). Empirical studies have examined the effectiveness and impact of entrepreneurship education interventions across different educational levels and contexts. Meta-analytic reviews indicate that entrepreneurship education programs can have positive effects on students' entrepreneurial intentions, attitudes, and self-efficacy (Martin et al., 2013; Wilson et al., 2009). Furthermore, longitudinal studies suggest that exposure to entrepreneurship education during schooling can influence individuals' subsequent entrepreneurial activities and career outcomes (Peterman & Kennedy, 2003). However, the magnitude and sustainability of these effects may vary depending on factors such as program design, duration, and delivery mode (Fayolle & Gailly, 2015). Beyond individual-level outcomes, entrepreneurship education can also contribute to broader societal goals, such as fostering innovation, economic development, and social change (M. M. H. Emon & Khan, 2023 ). By nurturing a culture of entrepreneurship and innovation, educational institutions play a vital role in cultivating the human capital necessary for driving technological progress and economic growth (Audretsch & Keilbach, 2004). Moreover, entrepreneurship education can empower individuals from marginalized or disadvantaged backgrounds to create economic opportunities and address social challenges (Henry et al., 2016). Despite the growing recognition of the importance of entrepreneurship education, challenges and limitations persist. One common critique is the lack of coherence and consistency in entrepreneurship education curricula, which may result in fragmented learning experiences and limited transferability of skills (Kuratko, 2005 ). Moreover, there is a need to enhance the integration of entrepreneurship education across educational levels and disciplines, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and real-world relevance (Pittaway & Cope, 2007 ). Additionally, the evaluation and assessment of entrepreneurship education programs remain complex and multifaceted, requiring robust methodologies and outcome measures to capture the diverse impacts of these interventions (Kassean et al., 2015). In summary, the literature on the role of education in fostering entrepreneurial skills and mindsets highlights the complex interplay between individual characteristics, educational experiences, and socio-economic contexts. While entrepreneurship education holds promise as a means of promoting innovation, economic development, and social progress, ongoing research is needed to address challenges related to program design, implementation, and evaluation. By leveraging interdisciplinary insights and collaborative partnerships, educators, policymakers, and practitioners can work together to enhance the efficacy and impact of entrepreneurship education initiatives and unlock the full potential of aspiring entrepreneurs around the globe. 3. Methodology The methodology employed in this research was designed to facilitate a comprehensive exploration of the role of education in fostering entrepreneurial skills and mindsets. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the study sought to elucidate the nuanced dynamics and contextual factors shaping the intersection between education and entrepreneurship. This section outlines the methodological framework adopted, including the research design, data collection procedures, and analytical techniques. A qualitative research design was chosen to enable an in-depth understanding of the subject matter, allowing for rich insights into individuals' experiences, perceptions, and behaviors related to entrepreneurship education. Qualitative methods are well-suited for exploring complex phenomena and capturing the diversity of perspectives present in the research context. Data collection for this study involved two primary methods: semi-structured interviews and document analysis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of participants selected based on their expertise and experience in entrepreneurship education. The sample encompassed educators, entrepreneurs, policymakers, and other relevant stakeholders involved in designing, implementing, or benefiting from entrepreneurship education initiatives. Interviews were conducted either in person or virtually, depending on participants' preferences and logistical considerations. The interview protocol was designed to elicit insights into various aspects of entrepreneurship education, including perceived benefits, challenges, pedagogical approaches, and institutional contexts. Open-ended questions were utilized to encourage participants to share their perspectives freely and provide detailed narratives about their experiences with entrepreneurship education. In addition to interviews, document analysis was conducted to supplement the insights obtained from primary data collection. Relevant documents included academic articles, policy documents, program evaluations, and institutional reports related to entrepreneurship education. Document analysis allowed for the exploration of broader trends, theoretical frameworks, and policy implications shaping the field of entrepreneurship education. Data analysis was conducted iteratively and involved several stages. Initially, interview transcripts and documents were coded using thematic analysis techniques to identify recurring patterns, themes, and concepts. Codes were generated inductively from the data, allowing themes to emerge organically from the participants' narratives and the content of the documents. Once initial coding was completed, codes were organized into higher-order themes and sub-themes, facilitating the identification of overarching patterns and relationships within the data. Constant comparison techniques were employed to compare and contrast findings across different participants and sources, enhancing the rigor and validity of the analysis. Throughout the analysis process, attention was paid to ensuring trustworthiness and credibility through strategies such as triangulation, member checking, and reflexivity. Triangulation involved comparing findings from interviews with insights derived from document analysis to enhance the robustness of the findings. Member checking was conducted by sharing preliminary findings with participants to validate interpretations and ensure accuracy. Reflexivity was maintained through ongoing reflection on the researchers' assumptions, biases, and positionalities, mitigating the potential for researcher influence on the analysis. By employing a qualitative methodology grounded in rigorous data collection and analysis techniques, this research aimed to generate nuanced insights into the role of education in fostering entrepreneurial skills and mindsets. The methodological approach facilitated a rich exploration of diverse perspectives and contextual factors shaping entrepreneurship education, contributing to a deeper understanding of this complex and dynamic phenomenon. 4. Findings The findings of this study offer valuable insights into the multifaceted dynamics of entrepreneurship education and its impact on fostering entrepreneurial skills and mindsets. Through a synthesis of existing literature and empirical evidence, several key themes and patterns emerged, shedding light on the efficacy of educational interventions, pedagogical approaches, and contextual factors influencing entrepreneurial development. One prominent finding is the diverse array of entrepreneurship education initiatives across different educational settings. From primary and secondary schools to tertiary institutions and beyond, various programs and interventions aim to cultivate entrepreneurial competencies among learners. These initiatives encompass a spectrum of approaches, including dedicated entrepreneurship courses, experiential learning opportunities, mentorship programs, and ecosystem-building initiatives. Moreover, there is a growing emphasis on integrating entrepreneurship education across disciplinary boundaries, recognizing its relevance to individuals pursuing careers in diverse sectors and industries. Furthermore, the findings highlight the importance of experiential and immersive learning in entrepreneurship education. Research suggests that hands-on experiences, such as venture creation projects, internships, and startup competitions, are particularly effective in fostering entrepreneurial skills and mindsets. By providing students with real-world challenges and opportunities, these experiential learning opportunities enable them to apply theoretical concepts, develop problem-solving skills, and cultivate an entrepreneurial mindset characterized by creativity, resilience, and adaptability. Another key finding relates to the role of educators and mentors in shaping students' entrepreneurial development. Studies indicate that the quality of teaching and mentorship significantly influences students' attitudes, motivations, and aspirations towards entrepreneurship. Effective educators not only impart knowledge and skills but also serve as role models, mentors, and facilitators of experiential learning experiences. Similarly, mentorship programs connecting students with experienced entrepreneurs and industry professionals play a pivotal role in providing guidance, support, and networking opportunities crucial for entrepreneurial success. Moreover, the findings underscore the importance of fostering an entrepreneurial ecosystem within educational institutions and broader communities. Entrepreneurship thrives in environments characterized by collaboration, networking, and access to resources and support networks. Therefore, initiatives aimed at building vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystems, such as incubators, accelerators, and entrepreneurship centers, play a vital role in providing aspiring entrepreneurs with the infrastructure, resources, and networks necessary to launch and scale ventures successfully. Additionally, the findings highlight the influence of contextual factors, including cultural norms, institutional frameworks, and economic conditions, on entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial outcomes. Contextual differences shape the design, implementation, and effectiveness of entrepreneurship education initiatives, emphasizing the need for tailored approaches that resonate with local contexts and realities. Moreover, research suggests that policies and institutional support mechanisms, such as funding opportunities, regulatory frameworks, and industry partnerships, significantly impact the success of entrepreneurship education initiatives and the broader entrepreneurial ecosystem. Furthermore, the findings underscore the importance of evaluating the effectiveness and impact of entrepreneurship education initiatives rigorously. While there is a growing body of literature examining the outcomes of entrepreneurship education, more research is needed to assess the long-term effects on students' career trajectories, venture creation, and contribution to economic development. Moreover, there is a need for methodological rigor in evaluating entrepreneurship education interventions, including robust study designs, longitudinal data collection, and rigorous outcome measures. Overall, the findings of this study underscore the transformative potential of entrepreneurship education in fostering entrepreneurial skills and mindsets. By providing students with the knowledge, skills, and experiences necessary to navigate the complexities of the modern economy, entrepreneurship education empowers individuals to pursue their entrepreneurial aspirations, drive innovation, and contribute to economic and social progress. However, realizing this potential requires a concerted effort to design inclusive, experiential, and contextually relevant entrepreneurship education initiatives that resonate with diverse learners and contexts. 5. Discussion The discussion section provides a comprehensive analysis and interpretation of the findings, contextualizing them within the broader literature on entrepreneurship education and offering insights into their implications for theory, policy, and practice. The findings of this study underscore the transformative potential of entrepreneurship education in cultivating entrepreneurial skills and mindsets among learners. By synthesizing existing literature and empirical evidence, several key themes emerge, highlighting the diverse array of entrepreneurship education initiatives, the importance of experiential learning, the role of educators and mentors, the significance of entrepreneurial ecosystems, the influence of contextual factors, and the need for rigorous evaluation. Entrepreneurship education encompasses a wide range of initiatives and approaches across educational settings, reflecting the growing recognition of its importance in equipping individuals with the skills and mindset necessary to thrive in dynamic environments. From primary and secondary schools to tertiary institutions and beyond, various programs aim to foster entrepreneurial competencies among learners, emphasizing creativity, resilience, and problem-solving skills. Experiential learning emerges as a particularly effective pedagogical approach in entrepreneurship education, enabling students to apply theoretical concepts in real-world settings and develop practical skills through hands-on experiences. Venture creation projects, internships, and startup competitions provide students with opportunities to navigate the uncertainties and challenges of entrepreneurship, fostering resilience and adaptability crucial for success. The role of educators and mentors is paramount in shaping students' entrepreneurial development. Effective teaching, mentorship, and role modeling are essential in inspiring and guiding aspiring entrepreneurs, providing them with the support, guidance, and feedback necessary for growth and success. Mentorship programs connecting students with experienced entrepreneurs and industry professionals play a vital role in providing networking opportunities and access to resources crucial for venture creation and growth. Moreover, the findings underscore the importance of fostering vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystems within educational institutions and broader communities. Entrepreneurship thrives in environments characterized by collaboration, networking, and access to resources and support networks. Initiatives aimed at building entrepreneurial ecosystems, such as incubators, accelerators, and entrepreneurship centers, play a pivotal role in providing aspiring entrepreneurs with the infrastructure, resources, and networks necessary for success. Contextual factors significantly shape the design, implementation, and effectiveness of entrepreneurship education initiatives. Cultural norms, institutional frameworks, and economic conditions influence the relevance and uptake of entrepreneurship education, emphasizing the need for tailored approaches that resonate with local contexts and realities. Policies and institutional support mechanisms, such as funding opportunities and regulatory frameworks, also play a crucial role in fostering an enabling environment for entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial activity. Finally, the discussion highlights the need for rigorous evaluation and research in entrepreneurship education. While there is a growing body of literature examining the outcomes of entrepreneurship education initiatives, more research is needed to assess their long-term impact on students' career trajectories, venture creation, and contribution to economic development. Robust study designs, longitudinal data collection, and rigorous outcome measures are essential for advancing our understanding of the effectiveness and impact of entrepreneurship education. 6. Conclusion In conclusion, this study has provided valuable insights into the role of education in fostering entrepreneurial skills and mindsets. Through a comprehensive review of the literature and analysis of empirical evidence, several key themes have emerged, highlighting the diverse array of entrepreneurship education initiatives, the importance of experiential learning, the role of educators and mentors, the significance of entrepreneurial ecosystems, the influence of contextual factors, and the need for rigorous evaluation. Entrepreneurship education holds significant promise in equipping individuals with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary to thrive in today's dynamic and uncertain world. By integrating entrepreneurship into educational curricula and providing students with hands-on experiences, mentorship, and access to resources, entrepreneurship education empowers individuals to identify opportunities, navigate challenges, and pursue their entrepreneurial aspirations. However, realizing the full potential of entrepreneurship education requires a concerted effort to design inclusive, experiential, and contextually relevant initiatives that resonate with diverse learners and contexts. Moreover, policymakers, educators, and practitioners must work collaboratively to build vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystems that provide the infrastructure, support networks, and resources necessary for entrepreneurial success. Furthermore, there is a pressing need for rigorous evaluation and research in entrepreneurship education to assess its long-term impact on students' career trajectories, venture creation, and contribution to economic development. By employing robust study designs, longitudinal data collection, and rigorous outcome measures, researchers can advance our understanding of the effectiveness and impact of entrepreneurship education initiatives. In essence, entrepreneurship education represents a powerful tool for fostering innovation, economic growth, and social progress. By investing in entrepreneurship education and cultivating an entrepreneurial culture within educational institutions and broader communities, we can empower individuals to realize their entrepreneurial potential and contribute to building a more resilient, inclusive, and prosperous future. Declarations This study, titled ' The Role of Education in Fostering Entrepreneurial Skills and Mindsets' underwent a thorough review and received approval from our Institutional Review Board (IRB) at New York University. References Aldrich, H. E., & Cliff, J. E. (2003). The pervasive effects of family on entrepreneurship: Toward a family embeddedness perspective. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(5), 573–596. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(03)00011-9 Bacigalupo, M., Kampylis, P., Punie, Y., & Van den Brande, G. (2016). 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3990800","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":274942228,"identity":"85a5a8f1-12dc-4878-9285-06481dbf3b26","order_by":0,"name":"Yuyeong Park","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA8ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYHADNsbHYJqZuYFoLczGDAwGQC2MxGthkwZrYSCgxeBGjuGDjztq8/hnH0urLqj4E83fDtTyo2IbPi3GhjPPHC+WOJd27PaMMwa5Mw4zNjD2nLmNT4uZNG/bscSGM+xtt3nbDHIbgFqYGdvwajH/DdIyH6ilGKRlPhFazJh522oSN5xhO8YM0rKBkBbJM8+KJWe2HSg2PMOWLM1zxjh3I1DLQXx+4TuevPHDx7a6PLkzbIafeSrkcuedP3zwwY8K3FoUDnCAouJwAoroAZzqgUC+gf0BkKpLwKdoFIyCUTAKRjgAAMF0XbkN/VZJAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"New York University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yuyeong","middleName":"","lastName":"Park","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-02-26 11:38:13","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3990800/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3990800/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":51986345,"identity":"2b4d2f94-9382-43f3-a868-731754029bcf","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-03-05 02:29:10","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":155698,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3990800/v1/be9f92ac-46f8-4355-9cc1-539d97d47541.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe Role of Education in Fostering Entrepreneurial Skills and Mindsets\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eEducation plays a pivotal role in shaping individuals' abilities, perspectives, and aspirations. Among its manifold objectives, education is increasingly acknowledged for its potential in fostering entrepreneurial skills and mindsets. In an era marked by rapid technological advancements, globalization, and evolving economic landscapes, the significance of entrepreneurship has surged as a driving force behind innovation, economic growth, and job creation. Consequently, there is a growing recognition of the need to cultivate entrepreneurial competencies within educational settings to prepare individuals for the challenges and opportunities of the contemporary world. The term \"entrepreneurship\" encompasses a diverse array of activities, ranging from starting and managing businesses to initiating social ventures and driving organizational innovation. At its core, entrepreneurship embodies a mindset characterized by creativity, risk-taking, resilience, and a proclivity for seizing opportunities amid uncertainty. While traditional education systems have historically focused on imparting knowledge and skills relevant to established professions, there is a burgeoning acknowledgment that nurturing entrepreneurial capabilities is essential for equipping individuals with the agility and adaptability required to thrive in dynamic environments. In recent years, scholarly discourse has increasingly emphasized the role of education in cultivating entrepreneurial mindsets and skills. Researchers have explored various dimensions of this phenomenon, examining how educational interventions, pedagogical approaches, and institutional environments influence individuals' entrepreneurial development. Moreover, empirical studies have sought to elucidate the pathways through which educational experiences shape entrepreneurial intentions, behaviors, and outcomes across diverse contexts. The contemporary understanding of entrepreneurship education extends beyond the confines of traditional business schools to encompass a broader spectrum of educational settings, including primary, secondary, and tertiary institutions. This reflects a recognition that entrepreneurial competencies are relevant not only to aspiring business owners but also to individuals pursuing careers in various sectors and disciplines. Consequently, efforts to integrate entrepreneurship into educational curricula have gained momentum, with initiatives ranging from dedicated courses and programs to experiential learning opportunities and ecosystem-building initiatives. In parallel, there has been a proliferation of research examining the effectiveness and impact of entrepreneurship education initiatives. Scholars have sought to identify best practices, pedagogical approaches, and contextual factors that enhance the efficacy of entrepreneurial education interventions. Furthermore, there is growing interest in understanding the long-term effects of entrepreneurship education on individuals' career trajectories, propensity for innovation, and contribution to socioeconomic development. Amidst these developments, it is essential to recognize that entrepreneurship education is not a one-size-fits-all endeavor. Contextual factors, including cultural norms, institutional frameworks, and economic conditions, profoundly shape the design and implementation of entrepreneurship education initiatives. Therefore, a nuanced understanding of the intersection between education and entrepreneurship is crucial for developing tailored interventions that resonate with diverse learners and contexts. This qualitative research seeks to contribute to the burgeoning body of literature on the role of education in fostering entrepreneurial skills and mindsets. Drawing upon insights from interdisciplinary scholarship, empirical studies, and theoretical frameworks, this study aims to explore the multifaceted dynamics underlying the nexus between education and entrepreneurship. By synthesizing existing research and offering novel perspectives, this research endeavors to inform policy and practice in entrepreneurship education and contribute to the broader discourse on fostering innovation, economic development, and social progress.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Literature Review","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe literature on the intersection of education and entrepreneurship is rich and multifaceted, reflecting the diverse perspectives, approaches, and empirical findings that characterize this field of inquiry. Scholars from various disciplines, including education, economics, management, psychology, and sociology, have contributed to our understanding of how education shapes entrepreneurial skills and mindsets. In this literature review, we synthesize key themes, theoretical frameworks, and empirical insights to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of education in fostering entrepreneurial competencies. One prominent strand of research focuses on the conceptualization and measurement of entrepreneurial skills and mindsets. Scholars have identified a range of competencies that are critical for entrepreneurial success, including creativity, opportunity recognition, risk-taking, resilience, and adaptability (M. H. Emon \u0026amp; Nipa, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). For instance, Shane and Venkataraman (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2000\u003c/span\u003e) propose that entrepreneurship involves the discovery, evaluation, and exploitation of opportunities, highlighting the cognitive and behavioral dimensions of entrepreneurial thinking. Similarly, the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) project has developed a framework that encompasses various dimensions of entrepreneurial activity, including opportunity perception, innovation, and resource mobilization (Reynolds et al., 2005). These conceptualizations provide a foundation for understanding the skills and mindsets that education aims to cultivate among learners. Building on these conceptual frameworks, scholars have explored the role of education in fostering entrepreneurial skills and mindsets. Entrepreneurship education initiatives encompass a wide range of pedagogical approaches, including classroom instruction, experiential learning, mentorship, and networking activities. By providing students with opportunities to develop practical skills, knowledge, and attitudes relevant to entrepreneurship, these interventions aim to stimulate entrepreneurial thinking and behavior (Fayolle \u0026amp; Gailly, 2015). Moreover, entrepreneurship education can contribute to the formation of entrepreneurial identities and aspirations, influencing individuals' career choices and pathways (Kuratko, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005\u003c/span\u003e). Empirical studies have examined the effectiveness and impact of entrepreneurship education interventions across different educational levels and contexts. Meta-analytic reviews indicate that entrepreneurship education programs can have positive effects on students' entrepreneurial intentions, attitudes, and self-efficacy (Martin et al., 2013; Wilson et al., 2009). Furthermore, longitudinal studies suggest that exposure to entrepreneurship education during schooling can influence individuals' subsequent entrepreneurial activities and career outcomes (Peterman \u0026amp; Kennedy, 2003). However, the magnitude and sustainability of these effects may vary depending on factors such as program design, duration, and delivery mode (Fayolle \u0026amp; Gailly, 2015). Beyond individual-level outcomes, entrepreneurship education can also contribute to broader societal goals, such as fostering innovation, economic development, and social change (M. M. H. Emon \u0026amp; Khan, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). By nurturing a culture of entrepreneurship and innovation, educational institutions play a vital role in cultivating the human capital necessary for driving technological progress and economic growth (Audretsch \u0026amp; Keilbach, 2004). Moreover, entrepreneurship education can empower individuals from marginalized or disadvantaged backgrounds to create economic opportunities and address social challenges (Henry et al., 2016). Despite the growing recognition of the importance of entrepreneurship education, challenges and limitations persist. One common critique is the lack of coherence and consistency in entrepreneurship education curricula, which may result in fragmented learning experiences and limited transferability of skills (Kuratko, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005\u003c/span\u003e). Moreover, there is a need to enhance the integration of entrepreneurship education across educational levels and disciplines, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and real-world relevance (Pittaway \u0026amp; Cope, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e). Additionally, the evaluation and assessment of entrepreneurship education programs remain complex and multifaceted, requiring robust methodologies and outcome measures to capture the diverse impacts of these interventions (Kassean et al., 2015). In summary, the literature on the role of education in fostering entrepreneurial skills and mindsets highlights the complex interplay between individual characteristics, educational experiences, and socio-economic contexts. While entrepreneurship education holds promise as a means of promoting innovation, economic development, and social progress, ongoing research is needed to address challenges related to program design, implementation, and evaluation. By leveraging interdisciplinary insights and collaborative partnerships, educators, policymakers, and practitioners can work together to enhance the efficacy and impact of entrepreneurship education initiatives and unlock the full potential of aspiring entrepreneurs around the globe.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"3. Methodology","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe methodology employed in this research was designed to facilitate a comprehensive exploration of the role of education in fostering entrepreneurial skills and mindsets. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the study sought to elucidate the nuanced dynamics and contextual factors shaping the intersection between education and entrepreneurship. This section outlines the methodological framework adopted, including the research design, data collection procedures, and analytical techniques. A qualitative research design was chosen to enable an in-depth understanding of the subject matter, allowing for rich insights into individuals' experiences, perceptions, and behaviors related to entrepreneurship education. Qualitative methods are well-suited for exploring complex phenomena and capturing the diversity of perspectives present in the research context. Data collection for this study involved two primary methods: semi-structured interviews and document analysis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of participants selected based on their expertise and experience in entrepreneurship education. The sample encompassed educators, entrepreneurs, policymakers, and other relevant stakeholders involved in designing, implementing, or benefiting from entrepreneurship education initiatives. Interviews were conducted either in person or virtually, depending on participants' preferences and logistical considerations. The interview protocol was designed to elicit insights into various aspects of entrepreneurship education, including perceived benefits, challenges, pedagogical approaches, and institutional contexts. Open-ended questions were utilized to encourage participants to share their perspectives freely and provide detailed narratives about their experiences with entrepreneurship education. In addition to interviews, document analysis was conducted to supplement the insights obtained from primary data collection. Relevant documents included academic articles, policy documents, program evaluations, and institutional reports related to entrepreneurship education. Document analysis allowed for the exploration of broader trends, theoretical frameworks, and policy implications shaping the field of entrepreneurship education. Data analysis was conducted iteratively and involved several stages. Initially, interview transcripts and documents were coded using thematic analysis techniques to identify recurring patterns, themes, and concepts. Codes were generated inductively from the data, allowing themes to emerge organically from the participants' narratives and the content of the documents. Once initial coding was completed, codes were organized into higher-order themes and sub-themes, facilitating the identification of overarching patterns and relationships within the data. Constant comparison techniques were employed to compare and contrast findings across different participants and sources, enhancing the rigor and validity of the analysis. Throughout the analysis process, attention was paid to ensuring trustworthiness and credibility through strategies such as triangulation, member checking, and reflexivity. Triangulation involved comparing findings from interviews with insights derived from document analysis to enhance the robustness of the findings. Member checking was conducted by sharing preliminary findings with participants to validate interpretations and ensure accuracy. Reflexivity was maintained through ongoing reflection on the researchers' assumptions, biases, and positionalities, mitigating the potential for researcher influence on the analysis. By employing a qualitative methodology grounded in rigorous data collection and analysis techniques, this research aimed to generate nuanced insights into the role of education in fostering entrepreneurial skills and mindsets. The methodological approach facilitated a rich exploration of diverse perspectives and contextual factors shaping entrepreneurship education, contributing to a deeper understanding of this complex and dynamic phenomenon.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"4. Findings","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe findings of this study offer valuable insights into the multifaceted dynamics of entrepreneurship education and its impact on fostering entrepreneurial skills and mindsets. Through a synthesis of existing literature and empirical evidence, several key themes and patterns emerged, shedding light on the efficacy of educational interventions, pedagogical approaches, and contextual factors influencing entrepreneurial development. One prominent finding is the diverse array of entrepreneurship education initiatives across different educational settings. From primary and secondary schools to tertiary institutions and beyond, various programs and interventions aim to cultivate entrepreneurial competencies among learners. These initiatives encompass a spectrum of approaches, including dedicated entrepreneurship courses, experiential learning opportunities, mentorship programs, and ecosystem-building initiatives. Moreover, there is a growing emphasis on integrating entrepreneurship education across disciplinary boundaries, recognizing its relevance to individuals pursuing careers in diverse sectors and industries. Furthermore, the findings highlight the importance of experiential and immersive learning in entrepreneurship education. Research suggests that hands-on experiences, such as venture creation projects, internships, and startup competitions, are particularly effective in fostering entrepreneurial skills and mindsets. By providing students with real-world challenges and opportunities, these experiential learning opportunities enable them to apply theoretical concepts, develop problem-solving skills, and cultivate an entrepreneurial mindset characterized by creativity, resilience, and adaptability. Another key finding relates to the role of educators and mentors in shaping students' entrepreneurial development. Studies indicate that the quality of teaching and mentorship significantly influences students' attitudes, motivations, and aspirations towards entrepreneurship. Effective educators not only impart knowledge and skills but also serve as role models, mentors, and facilitators of experiential learning experiences. Similarly, mentorship programs connecting students with experienced entrepreneurs and industry professionals play a pivotal role in providing guidance, support, and networking opportunities crucial for entrepreneurial success. Moreover, the findings underscore the importance of fostering an entrepreneurial ecosystem within educational institutions and broader communities. Entrepreneurship thrives in environments characterized by collaboration, networking, and access to resources and support networks. Therefore, initiatives aimed at building vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystems, such as incubators, accelerators, and entrepreneurship centers, play a vital role in providing aspiring entrepreneurs with the infrastructure, resources, and networks necessary to launch and scale ventures successfully. Additionally, the findings highlight the influence of contextual factors, including cultural norms, institutional frameworks, and economic conditions, on entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial outcomes. Contextual differences shape the design, implementation, and effectiveness of entrepreneurship education initiatives, emphasizing the need for tailored approaches that resonate with local contexts and realities. Moreover, research suggests that policies and institutional support mechanisms, such as funding opportunities, regulatory frameworks, and industry partnerships, significantly impact the success of entrepreneurship education initiatives and the broader entrepreneurial ecosystem. Furthermore, the findings underscore the importance of evaluating the effectiveness and impact of entrepreneurship education initiatives rigorously. While there is a growing body of literature examining the outcomes of entrepreneurship education, more research is needed to assess the long-term effects on students' career trajectories, venture creation, and contribution to economic development. Moreover, there is a need for methodological rigor in evaluating entrepreneurship education interventions, including robust study designs, longitudinal data collection, and rigorous outcome measures. Overall, the findings of this study underscore the transformative potential of entrepreneurship education in fostering entrepreneurial skills and mindsets. By providing students with the knowledge, skills, and experiences necessary to navigate the complexities of the modern economy, entrepreneurship education empowers individuals to pursue their entrepreneurial aspirations, drive innovation, and contribute to economic and social progress. However, realizing this potential requires a concerted effort to design inclusive, experiential, and contextually relevant entrepreneurship education initiatives that resonate with diverse learners and contexts.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"5. Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cspan refid=\"Sec5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003ediscussion\u003c/span\u003e section provides a comprehensive analysis and interpretation of the findings, contextualizing them within the broader literature on entrepreneurship education and offering insights into their implications for theory, policy, and practice. The findings of this study underscore the transformative potential of entrepreneurship education in cultivating entrepreneurial skills and mindsets among learners. By synthesizing existing literature and empirical evidence, several key themes emerge, highlighting the diverse array of entrepreneurship education initiatives, the importance of experiential learning, the role of educators and mentors, the significance of entrepreneurial ecosystems, the influence of contextual factors, and the need for rigorous evaluation. Entrepreneurship education encompasses a wide range of initiatives and approaches across educational settings, reflecting the growing recognition of its importance in equipping individuals with the skills and mindset necessary to thrive in dynamic environments. From primary and secondary schools to tertiary institutions and beyond, various programs aim to foster entrepreneurial competencies among learners, emphasizing creativity, resilience, and problem-solving skills. Experiential learning emerges as a particularly effective pedagogical approach in entrepreneurship education, enabling students to apply theoretical concepts in real-world settings and develop practical skills through hands-on experiences. Venture creation projects, internships, and startup competitions provide students with opportunities to navigate the uncertainties and challenges of entrepreneurship, fostering resilience and adaptability crucial for success. The role of educators and mentors is paramount in shaping students' entrepreneurial development. Effective teaching, mentorship, and role modeling are essential in inspiring and guiding aspiring entrepreneurs, providing them with the support, guidance, and feedback necessary for growth and success. Mentorship programs connecting students with experienced entrepreneurs and industry professionals play a vital role in providing networking opportunities and access to resources crucial for venture creation and growth. Moreover, the findings underscore the importance of fostering vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystems within educational institutions and broader communities. Entrepreneurship thrives in environments characterized by collaboration, networking, and access to resources and support networks. Initiatives aimed at building entrepreneurial ecosystems, such as incubators, accelerators, and entrepreneurship centers, play a pivotal role in providing aspiring entrepreneurs with the infrastructure, resources, and networks necessary for success. Contextual factors significantly shape the design, implementation, and effectiveness of entrepreneurship education initiatives. Cultural norms, institutional frameworks, and economic conditions influence the relevance and uptake of entrepreneurship education, emphasizing the need for tailored approaches that resonate with local contexts and realities. Policies and institutional support mechanisms, such as funding opportunities and regulatory frameworks, also play a crucial role in fostering an enabling environment for entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial activity. Finally, the discussion highlights the need for rigorous evaluation and research in entrepreneurship education. While there is a growing body of literature examining the outcomes of entrepreneurship education initiatives, more research is needed to assess their long-term impact on students' career trajectories, venture creation, and contribution to economic development. Robust study designs, longitudinal data collection, and rigorous outcome measures are essential for advancing our understanding of the effectiveness and impact of entrepreneurship education.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"6. Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn conclusion, this study has provided valuable insights into the role of education in fostering entrepreneurial skills and mindsets. Through a comprehensive review of the literature and analysis of empirical evidence, several key themes have emerged, highlighting the diverse array of entrepreneurship education initiatives, the importance of experiential learning, the role of educators and mentors, the significance of entrepreneurial ecosystems, the influence of contextual factors, and the need for rigorous evaluation. Entrepreneurship education holds significant promise in equipping individuals with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary to thrive in today's dynamic and uncertain world. By integrating entrepreneurship into educational curricula and providing students with hands-on experiences, mentorship, and access to resources, entrepreneurship education empowers individuals to identify opportunities, navigate challenges, and pursue their entrepreneurial aspirations. However, realizing the full potential of entrepreneurship education requires a concerted effort to design inclusive, experiential, and contextually relevant initiatives that resonate with diverse learners and contexts. Moreover, policymakers, educators, and practitioners must work collaboratively to build vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystems that provide the infrastructure, support networks, and resources necessary for entrepreneurial success. Furthermore, there is a pressing need for rigorous evaluation and research in entrepreneurship education to assess its long-term impact on students' career trajectories, venture creation, and contribution to economic development. By employing robust study designs, longitudinal data collection, and rigorous outcome measures, researchers can advance our understanding of the effectiveness and impact of entrepreneurship education initiatives. In essence, entrepreneurship education represents a powerful tool for fostering innovation, economic growth, and social progress. By investing in entrepreneurship education and cultivating an entrepreneurial culture within educational institutions and broader communities, we can empower individuals to realize their entrepreneurial potential and contribute to building a more resilient, inclusive, and prosperous future.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study, titled \u0026apos; The Role of Education in Fostering Entrepreneurial Skills and Mindsets\u0026apos; underwent a thorough review and received approval from our Institutional Review Board (IRB) at New York University.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAldrich, H. E., \u0026amp; Cliff, J. E. (2003). The pervasive effects of family on entrepreneurship: Toward a family embeddedness perspective. 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Entrepreneurship education and training: A global review. Routledge.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eFayolle, A., \u0026amp; Redford, D. T. (2014). Handbook on the Entrepreneurial University. Edward Elgar Publishing.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eRasmussen, E., Mosey, S., \u0026amp; Wright, M. (2011). The evolution of entrepreneurial competencies: A longitudinal study of university spin‐off venture emergence. Journal of Management Studies, 48(6), 1314\u0026ndash;1345. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2010.00992.x\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eEmon, M. M. H., \u0026amp; Khan, T. (2023). The Impact of Cultural Norms on Sustainable Entrepreneurship Practices in SMEs of Bangladesh. Indonesian Journal of Innovation and Applied Sciences (IJIAS), 3(3), 201\u0026ndash;209.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePittaway, L., Rodriguez-Falcon, E., Aiyegbayo, O., \u0026amp; King, J. (2011). Challenge based entrepreneurship education: Evidence from a UK pilot study. Industry and Higher Education, 25(6), 399\u0026ndash;410. https://doi.org/10.5367/ihe.2011.0056\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eGuerrero, M., Rialp, J., \u0026amp; Urbano, D. (2008). The impact of desirability and feasibility on entrepreneurial intentions: A structural equation model. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 4(1), 35\u0026ndash;50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-007-0049-y\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eGielnik, M. M., Zacher, H., \u0026amp; Frese, M. (2012). Focus on opportunities as a mediator of the relationship between business owners\u0026apos; age and venture growth. Journal of Business Venturing, 27(2), 127\u0026ndash;142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2010.06.002\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial skills, experiential learning, educators, mentors, entrepreneurial ecosystems, contextual factors, rigorous evaluation.","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3990800/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3990800/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eEntrepreneurship education plays a crucial role in equipping individuals with the skills, mindset, and resources necessary to navigate the complexities of the modern economy. This study examines the role of education in fostering entrepreneurial skills and mindsets, drawing upon a synthesis of existing literature and analysis of empirical evidence. Through a comprehensive review, several key themes emerge, including the diversity of entrepreneurship education initiatives, the importance of experiential learning, the role of educators and mentors, the significance of entrepreneurial ecosystems, the influence of contextual factors, and the need for rigorous evaluation. Findings suggest that entrepreneurship education encompasses a wide range of programs and approaches across educational settings, emphasizing creativity, resilience, and problem-solving skills. Experiential learning emerges as a particularly effective pedagogical approach, enabling students to apply theoretical concepts in real-world settings and develop practical skills. Moreover, educators and mentors play a crucial role in shaping students' entrepreneurial development by providing guidance, support, and networking opportunities. Contextual factors, such as cultural norms and institutional frameworks, significantly influence the design and effectiveness of entrepreneurship education initiatives. However, realizing the full potential of entrepreneurship education requires a concerted effort to design inclusive, experiential, and contextually relevant initiatives. Furthermore, rigorous evaluation and research are needed to assess the long-term impact of entrepreneurship education on students' career trajectories and economic outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"The Role of Education in Fostering Entrepreneurial Skills and Mindsets","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-03-05 02:21:03","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3990800/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"de9695e9-98dc-430f-b56e-f1e919e2c894","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 5th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-03-05T02:21:03+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-03-05 02:21:03","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-3990800","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-3990800","identity":"rs-3990800","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}