Advancing Livestock Health: Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Cross Sectional Study on Goat of Mymensingh District in Bangladesh. | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Advancing Livestock Health: Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Cross Sectional Study on Goat of Mymensingh District in Bangladesh. Md. Foysal, Most. Salma Khatun This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6859321/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Peste des Petits Ruminants, or PPR for short, is an economically important viral disease that spreads quickly and affects goats and sheep. Rates of morbidity and mortality of PPR can range from 100 to 90%, respectively. In endemic locations, these levels are often lower and death can reach 20%.There have been reports of fatalities in individual flocks during recent epidemics in southern Asia ranging from 35 to 60%.Hence the livestock industry in Bangladesh has been significantly impacted by PPR, especially smallholder farmers who depend on sheep and goats for their income. The disease causes Economic losses, Food security challenges and Livelihood disruption. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to evaluate the risk factors for PPR in order to provide guidance for efficient control and prevention measures, to monitor the prevalence and distribution of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) among small ruminant populations in Mymensingh , to identify high-risk areas and vulnerable populations for targeted vaccination campaigns and control measures , to detect outbreaks of PPR early and implement rapid response strategies to control the spread of the disease. A representative sample of smallholder farmers provided information on disease history, management techniques, and livestock demography. The study population was characterized using descriptive statistics, and PPR risk variables are found using logistic regression analysis. The findings shows that Prevalence of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in goats is 32.95%.Risk factors like Any Stress, Sharing pasture, Immunity, Season were significantly associated with Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in goats. Young goats, female goats ,local breeds are more prevalent to Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR). These results underline the necessity of focused initiatives to lessen the effects of PPR in the area, such as increased vaccination rates, biosecurity precautions, and community-based disease surveillance. Veterinary Epidemiology Infectious Diseases Animal Science Risk factors Prevalence Control measures Biosecurity Bangladesh Community-based disease surveillance Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Supplementary Files figure.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6859321","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":468982987,"identity":"f1c5f2d9-275a-40a0-abcf-0e9d8b94ba8e","order_by":0,"name":"Md. Foysal","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4387-3942","institution":"Bangladesh Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Md.","middleName":"","lastName":"Foysal","suffix":""},{"id":468989566,"identity":"06b156b6-d372-4217-959e-2339ab7fdd5d","order_by":1,"name":"Most. Salma Khatun","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6447-6364","institution":"Bangladesh Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Most.","middleName":"Salma","lastName":"Khatun","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-06-10 05:59:24","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":true,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":true},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6859321/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6859321/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":84399723,"identity":"e0c24fa6-2a33-4f10-95fa-50e02d9f8136","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-11 13:19:01","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":535185,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"PPRforsubmission.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6859321/v1_covered_5328a11e-1a7d-436e-866b-aa27f222c3d0.pdf"},{"id":84397160,"identity":"19d7a55f-4d0b-46db-b924-a993a08fc65c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-11 12:46:56","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":428063,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"figure.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6859321/v1/2cbb8d88a45acc552d53d972.docx"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eAdvancing Livestock Health: Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Cross Sectional Study on Goat of Mymensingh District in Bangladesh.\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Bangladesh Agricultural University","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"
[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Risk factors, Prevalence, Control measures, Biosecurity, Bangladesh, Community-based disease surveillance","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6859321/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6859321/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003ePeste des Petits Ruminants, or PPR for short, is an economically important viral disease that spreads quickly and affects goats and sheep. Rates of morbidity and mortality of PPR can range from 100 to 90%, respectively. In endemic locations, these levels are often lower and death can reach 20%.There have been reports of fatalities in individual flocks during recent epidemics in southern Asia ranging from 35 to 60%.Hence the livestock industry in Bangladesh has been significantly impacted by PPR, especially smallholder farmers who depend on sheep and goats for their income. The disease causes Economic losses, Food security challenges and Livelihood disruption. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to evaluate the risk factors for PPR in order to provide guidance for efficient control and prevention measures, to monitor the prevalence and distribution of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) among small ruminant populations in Mymensingh , to identify high-risk areas and vulnerable populations for targeted vaccination campaigns and control measures , to detect outbreaks of PPR early and implement rapid response strategies to control the spread of the disease. A representative sample of smallholder farmers provided information on disease history, management techniques, and livestock demography. The study population was characterized using descriptive statistics, and PPR risk variables are found using logistic regression analysis. The findings shows that Prevalence of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in goats is 32.95%.Risk factors like Any Stress, Sharing pasture, Immunity, Season were significantly associated with Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in goats. Young goats, female goats ,local breeds are more prevalent to Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR). These results underline the necessity of focused initiatives to lessen the effects of PPR in the area, such as increased vaccination rates, biosecurity precautions, and community-based disease surveillance.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Advancing Livestock Health: Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Cross Sectional Study on Goat of Mymensingh District in Bangladesh.","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-06-11 12:46:51","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6859321/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"
[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"de9924f8-b55f-4d73-bba4-82f4e41055f3","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 11th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":49791114,"name":"Veterinary Epidemiology"},{"id":49791115,"name":"Infectious Diseases"},{"id":49791116,"name":"Animal Science"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-06-11T12:46:51+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-06-11 12:46:51","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6859321","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6859321","identity":"rs-6859321","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}
Text is read by the "Ask this paper" AI Q&A widget below.
Extraction quality varies by source — PMC NXML preserves structure
cleanly, OA-HTML may include some navigation residue, and OA-PDF can
have broken hyphenation. The publisher copy
(via DOI)
is the canonical version.