Simulation and Experimental Validation of a 1D Cabin Thermal Model for Electric Trucks with Enhanced Insulation and Heating Panels

To reduce emissions in the existing transportation system and lower CO2 output, battery electric vehicles (BEVs) offer a promising approach due to their higher energy efficiency. However, their driving range still falls short compared to conventional vehicles. Optimizing the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system helps to save energy and improve passenger comfort. This work investigates an advanced thermal management system for an electric truck cabin, equipped with heat panels and additional insulation. First, a 1D model of the thermal management system was developed to investigate and properly size the thermal measures. The simulations enabled initial sizing and provided a first evaluation of the concept truck cabin. Subsequently, the prototype truck cabin was tested in different configurations and under varying ambient conditions in a climatic chamber and laboratory. Using the experimental data, the 1D model was optimized and validated, making it possible to simulate real-world scenarios. In the future, further research and new approaches will be necessary to identify even more efficient subsystems and cost-effective solutions.