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This feasibility preprint explores how ions trapped in a compact Penning-cell FT-ICR instrument can be sonified: after excitation and Fourier transformation of the induced detection signal, the resulting characteristic frequencies are divided down into the human-audible domain and mapped onto an equal-tempered chromatic scale to assign musical notes. Using three algorithms with constant or variable divisors, the authors compare reduced frequencies to chromatic-scale notes and retain those with closest matches. They report that the approach cannot reliably distinguish ions with very close frequencies (e.g., quasi-isobaric ions) and works best at unit mass resolution, sometimes assigning multiple integer ions to the same note at higher m/z; using three-note chords instead allows different sounds for all integer ions from m/z 19 to 299. The paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.
Abstract
Rationale Ions trapped within a Penning cell (ICR) travel periodic orbits whose frequencies are dependent on their mass-to-charge ratio and the value of the magnetic field passing through the trap. Fourier transformation (FT-ICR) decomposes the signal induced in the detection circuit by the rotation of the ions in the cell after the application of an excitation signal. The result of this transformation is a set of characteristic frequencies. We were curious to see whether, once lowered by division into the humanly audible domain, they could be converted into musical notes representative of each of the trapped ions. Methods: Three algorithms, using three different kinds of divisors, either constant or variable, were considered, and the resulting reduced frequencies were compared to those of an equal-tempered chromatic scale, retaining notes with the closest frequencies. Results: The method was not specific enough to differentiate observed ions with very close frequencies as is the case for quasi-isobaric ions (ions having the same nominal mass but differing by their exact mass). Only ions with unit mass resolution could be translated into musical notes, and sometimes to the same one, especially at the high-mass end. However, using three-note chords, instead of single notes, different sounds could be attributed to all integer ions from m/z 19 to m/z 299. Conclusion: It is possible to assign musical notes to unit mass resolution ions analyzed in a simple FT-ICR instrument and design simple didactic musical melodies.
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\received DD MMMM YYYY \acceptedDD MMMM YYYY Sonified signals from a compact FT-ICR instrument: a feasibility study. I - Data mapping to an equal-tempered chromatic scale | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 28 January 2025 V1 Latest version Share on \received DD MMMM YYYY \acceptedDD MMMM YYYY Sonified signals from a compact FT-ICR instrument: a feasibility study. I - Data mapping to an equal-tempered chromatic scale Authors : Patrick Arpino 0000-0002-1957-1976 [email protected] and Michel Heninger Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.173809133.34201106/v1 279 views 170 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract Rationale Ions trapped within a Penning cell (ICR) travel periodic orbits whose frequencies are dependent on their mass-to-charge ratio and the value of the magnetic field passing through the trap. Fourier transformation (FT-ICR) decomposes the signal induced in the detection circuit by the rotation of the ions in the cell after the application of an excitation signal. The result of this transformation is a set of characteristic frequencies. We were curious to see whether, once lowered by division into the humanly audible domain, they could be converted into musical notes representative of each of the trapped ions. Methods Three algorithms, using three different kinds of divisors, either constant or variable, were considered, and the resulting reduced frequencies were compared to those of an equal-tempered chromatic scale, retaining notes with the closest frequencies. Results The method was not specific enough to differentiate observed ions with very close frequencies as is the case for quasi-isobaric ions (ions having the same nominal mass but differing by their exact mass). Only ions with unit mass resolution could be translated into musical notes, and sometimes to the same one, especially at the high-mass end. However, using three-note chords, instead of single notes, different sounds could be attributed to all integer ions from m/z 19 to m/z 299. Conclusion It is possible to assign musical notes to unit mass resolution ions analyzed in a simple FT-ICR instrument and design simple didactic musical melodies. Supplementary Material File (2025 01 26 arpino heninger sonified signals rcm project.docx) Download 821.27 KB File (figures arpino.zip) Download 903.76 KB File (tables arpino.zip) Download 81.88 KB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 28 January 2025 Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License. Collection Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry Keywords fourier transform ft-icr sonified analytical data Authors Affiliations Patrick Arpino 0000-0002-1957-1976 [email protected] ILC France View all articles by this author Michel Heninger Laboratoire de Chimie Physique d'Orsay View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 279 views 170 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Patrick Arpino, Michel Heninger. \received DD MMMM YYYY \acceptedDD MMMM YYYY Sonified signals from a compact FT-ICR instrument: a feasibility study. I - Data mapping to an equal-tempered chromatic scale. Authorea . 28 January 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.173809133.34201106/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. 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