Neighbor cells restrain furrowing during epithelial cytokinesis

Summary Cytokinesis challenges epithelial tissue homeostasis by generating forces that pull on neighboring cells via cell-cell junctions. Previous work has shown that junction reinforcement at the furrow in Xenopus laevis epithelia regulates the speed of furrowing 1 . This suggests the cytokinetic array that drives cell division is subject to resistive forces from epithelial neighbor cells. We show here that contractility factors accumulate in neighboring cells near the furrow during cytokinesis. Additionally, increasing neighbor cell stiffness, via ɑ-actinin overexpression, or contractility, through optogenetic Rho activation in one neighbor cell, slows or asymmetrically pauses furrowing, respectively. Notably, optogenetic stimulation of neighbor cell contractility on both sides of the furrow induces cytokinetic failure and binucleation. We conclude that forces from the cytokinetic array in the dividing cell are carefully balanced with restraining forces generated by neighbor cells, and neighbor cell mechanics regulate the speed and success of cytokinesis. Highlights Neighboring cells assemble actomyosin arrays adjacent to the cytokinetic furrow Overexpression of an F-actin cross-linker in neighbor cells slows furrowing Optogenetic activation of contractility in one neighbor pauses furrow ingression Hyper-contractility in both neighbors restrains furrowing & cells fail cytokinesis