Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitude Caring for Patients With Diabetic Foot

Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitude Caring for Patients With Diabetic Foot | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitude Caring for Patients With Diabetic Foot Ayse BULUT¹, Berna Nilgun OZGURSOY URAN This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8004897/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in BMC Nursing → Version 1 posted 15 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Diabetic foot complications are among the most common and serious outcomes of diabetes, often leading to infection, amputation, and reduced quality of life. Nurses play a crucial role in diabetic foot prevention and management through early identification, education, and evidence-based care. This study aimed to evaluate nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward the management of diabetic foot care in diabetic patients. Methods This quantitative descriptive study was conducted between November and June 2022 with a sample of 146 nurses from two hospitals in Izmir, Turkey. Data were collected using three tools: the Nurse Introduction Form , the Attitude Scale Towards Diabetic Foot Care , and the Diabetic Foot Knowledge Form . Scores on the Attitude Scale range from 8 to 40, with higher scores indicating more positive attitudes, while the Knowledge Form scores range from 0 to 30, with higher scores reflecting greater knowledge. Statistical analyses were performed to examine relationships between demographic variables, knowledge, and attitude scores. Results No statistically significant relationship was found between nurses’ demographic characteristics and their Diabetic Foot Knowledge Form scores. However, a significant relationship was identified between nurses’ total mean attitude scores and the variables of age and professional experience. Nurses with more years of experience and those working in Hospital Y exhibited higher attitude scores compared to their counterparts. Conclusions Age, clinical experience, and institutional factors influence nurses' attitudes toward diabetic foot care. These results underscore the importance of targeted, evidence-based training programs to enhance nurses’ knowledge and foster positive attitudes. Such initiatives can contribute to improving the quality and outcomes of diabetic foot care. It is recommended that in-service training be tailored to nurses’ educational needs, recent evidence in wound care be continuously integrated, and organizational barriers such as time constraints and staffing shortages be addressed. Trial registration: Not applicable. This study did not involve a clinical intervention and therefore was not registered as a clinical trial. Attitude diabetes diabetic foot knowledge nursing 1. Introduction Diabetes is a chronic, broad-spectrum metabolic disorder that requires long-term medical care, occurring when the pancreas has a problem producing insulin or the body cannot adequately use the insulin produced, resulting in the inability to sufficiently utilize fats, carbohydrates, and proteins ( 1 , 2 ). According to the the International Diabetes Federation's (IDF) data of 2021, three out of four adults with diabetes live in low- and middle-income countries. Diabetes has resulted in at least $ 966 billion in healthcare expenditures and 6.7 million deaths worldwide ( 2 ). The Turkey Diabetes, Hypertension, Obesity and Endocrinological Diseases Prevalence (TURDEP) studies, conducted first in 1998 and then again in 2010, reveal a significant rise in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity in Turkiye over the past 12 years. During this period, the prevalence of DM has surged by 90%, and obesity has increased by 44%. While TURDEP-I found the prevalence of diabetes to be 7.2%, TURDEP-II recorded an increase to 13.7% ( 3 ). The complications of diabetes are divided into acute and chronic categories. Diabetes complications can be categorized into acute and chronic complications. Acute complications include hypoglycemic coma, hyperglycemic emergencies such as diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma, and lactic acidosis. Chronic complications encompass macrovascular complications, which include cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease (PAD), as well as microvascular complications, which include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic foot ( 2 ). The complication that will be examined in this study is diabetic foot. Diabetic foot is a complication of diabetes, primarily caused by neuropathy, peripheral artery disease, or infection, leading to diabetic foot ulcers and often resulting in limb amputation. It is one of the most costly complications of diabetes, posing significant economic, social, and public health challenges ( 4 ). Diabetic foot results in tissue and organ loss, decreased quality of life, loss of workforce, psychosocial harm, and increased healthcare costs. It is the most common reason for hospitalization and the condition requiring the longest hospital stays. Therefore, identifying patients at risk for diabetic foot, taking preventive measures before ulcer formation, and immediately treating any existing lesions to protect patients from the most critical outcome, amputation, is crucial. Education of patients and their relatives, regular metabolic control, and a multidisciplinary approach can prevent diabetic foot. Systematic screening for neuropathic, vascular, and musculoskeletal involvement of the lower extremities and examining feet at each check-up can significantly reduce morbidity caused by foot problems ( 5 ). According to the IDF’s data of 2019, the prevalence of diabetic foot is with an average of 6.4%. It is reported that diabetic foot and lower extremity complications affect 40–60 million patients worldwide, are more common in men than women, and are more frequent in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Additionally, every 20 seconds, a patient is amputated somewhere in the world due to diabetes complications. The lifetime incidence rate of diabetic foot ulcers in individuals with diabetes reaches up to 34% ( 4 , 6 ). Diabetic foot is primarily caused by neuropathy and angiopathy. Neuropathy can be divided into sensory, motor, and autonomic neuropathy. Sensory neuropathy leads to reduced sensation of touch, heat, and cold, as well as reduced pain sensation, making the foot more prone to trauma. This can result in infection and the development of foot ulcers or chronic wounds. The development of a diabetic foot is not due to a single etiology. Neuropathy alone is not sufficient for the development of a diabetic foot ulcer. The major factors in the etiology are combinations of neuropathy, ischemia, and infection ( 7 ). Despite its controversial aspects, the Wagner-Meggitt classification remains the simplest and most commonly used classification system for diabetic foot in current practice. The Wagner classification, shown in Table 1 , includes patients without foot ulcers but with identified risk factors (Stage 0) and groups open ulcers by the presence of infection or gangrene into mild to severe stages 1 ( 1 ). Table 1 Wagner-Meggitt Classification of Diabetic Foot Grade 0 High-risk foot Grade 1 Foot ulcer Grade 2 Ulcer penetrating to subcutaneous tissue (no penetration to ligament, muscle, bone, or abscess formation) Grade 3 Deep ulcer with cellulitis and abscess formation (often associated with osteomyelitis) Grade 4 Localized gangrene Grade 5 Extensive gangrene involving the entire foot The primary goal in the treatment of diabetic ulcers is to achieve wound closure. The treatment of diabetic foot ulcers varies depending on the severity of the ulcer and the presence or absence of ischemia. Key components of the treatment include debridement, pressure relief, infection management, ensuring adequate blood flow, and proper wound dressing. Debridement involves the removal of dead tissue to promote healing. Pressure relief is crucial for preventing further damage to the wound area. Infection management entails identifying the type of bacteria present and providing appropriate antibiotics. Ensuring adequate blood flow to the affected area is vital for healing, and keeping the ulcer clean and moist through proper wound dressing is essential ( 1 ). The TIME principle, which stands for T issue debridement, I nflammation and infection control, M oisture balance, and E pithelial edge advancement, is commonly recommended for preparing the wound bed. While not all wounds require antibiotic treatment, empirical antibiotic therapy is applied if there are signs of soft tissue infection. Other treatment methods include glycemic and hypertension control, cessation of tobacco products, healthy eating, and LDL cholesterol control. Surgical intervention and regular monitoring after debridement are also important. Advanced therapies such as oxygen therapy and negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) can further aid in wound healing ( 1 , 7 ). The treatment of diabetic ulcers necessitates a comprehensive approach, including mechanical load management, infection control, and advanced therapies. Bed rest, crutches, and surgical interventions like osteomyelitis treatment are essential. Additionally, platelet-rich plasma, stem cells, and grafts may expedite healing. Preventive care and regular foot monitoring based on risk status are crucial to avoid ulcer formation. Nurses play a pivotal role in long-term care, emphasizing patient education and preventive measures as key nursing interventions in managing chronic conditions like diabetes. Nursing care according to stages can be summarized as follows. In Wagner stage 0, there is no ulcer, but the risk is high. Nurses should help detect early signs of foot problems, such as redness, swelling, increased temperature, pain, fissures, blisters, peeling skin, ingrown toenails, and calluses. Educating patients on foot care and regular monitoring can prevent ulcer formation. In stage 1, the ulcer is washed with saline without touching the area, and signs of infection are assessed. Oral antibiotics are used if infection is present, and non-adherent dressings are applied. Pressure-relieving measures and regular glucose monitoring are essential ( 8 ). In stage 2, deeper ulcers may involve muscles, tendons, and ligaments but do not yet have osteomyelitis or deep abscesses. Nurses should monitor for infection signs and use aseptic techniques in wound care. Patients with diabetic ulcers should rest and elevate their feet to improve blood flow, reduce edema, and alleviate pain. Psychological screening is vital to assess the patient's mental health, attitudes, emotions, socioeconomic resources, and quality of life. A holistic approach is essential, and family support should be encouraged ( 5 ). In stage 3, deep ulcers are accompanied by osteomyelitis or soft tissue abscesses. MRI is recommended for detecting deep tissue infections, and surgical intervention may be necessary for severe infections or gangrene. In stages 4 and 5, gangrene may develop, and despite good care, amputation may be required ( 1 ) as point, nursing interventions applied in stage 2 should be continued. In addition, wound monitoring after amputation is very important and nurses should provide aseptic wound care, manage pain, and support the emotional well-being of the patient. After surgery, the wound should be evaluated for bleeding, drainage, laxity, odor, purulent discharge, and necrosis. Nurses should cooperate with the healthcare team to prevent further complications ( 6 ). All these nursing roles actually emphasize the importance of the care process. The development of nurses' knowledge and skills in this area will also benefit the cost aspect of diabetic foot care. This study, planned with this in mind, aims to assess the knowledge and attitudes of nurses regarding the management process of diabetic foot care in diabetic patients. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Type of Research This research was designed as a descriptive and two-center study to evaluate the knowledge levels and attitudes of nurses caring for patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Research Hypotheses H 1 : There is a relationship between nurses' ages and their level of knowledge regarding foot care. H 2 : There is a relationship between nurses' years of experience in the profession and their level of knowledge regarding foot care. H 3 : There is a relationship between nurses' training in diabetic foot care and their level of knowledge regarding foot care. H 4 : Nurses' attitudes towards diabetic patients are positive with respect to their ages. H 5 : Nurses' attitudes towards diabetic patients are positive with respect to their years of experience in the profession. H 6 : Nurses' attitudes towards diabetic patients are positive with respect to their training in diabetic foot care. H 7 : There is a difference between nurses' knowledge level about diabetic foot care and their attitude scores towards diabetic foot care. 2.2. Location and Participations of Research The research was initially planned to be conducted at two centers in Izmir in Turkiye between November and June 2022. Hospitals are coded as X and Y in the study. The population consisted of all nurses working at these hospitals. The sample included nurses who met the inclusion criteria and cared for patients with diabetic foot ulcers. The sample size was calculated using the formula for determining the number of individuals to be sampled based on the incidence rate of the event, with a confidence level of 95%, a standard deviation of 5%, and an unknown prevalence value of 50%. The following formula was used: n = (N x t2 x (Pq) / d2 x (N-1) + t2 x (Pq)) N is the population size (250), p is the incidence rate (0.5), q is the non-incidence rate (1-p), ttt is the theoretical value from the t-table at the specified confidence level (1.96), and d is the desired deviation (0.05). Based on power analysis, the study aimed to include at least 152 nurses, with a power of 80% and a confidence level of 95%. However, six nurses who did not wish to participate or completed the forms incorrectly were excluded, and the study was completed with 146 nurses, resulting in a sample power of 94%. Inclusion criteria: Caring for a patient with diabetic foot ulcers Being 18 years or older Willingness to participate in the research Nurses who did not meet the inclusion criteria or who cared for patients without diabetic foot ulcers were excluded. 2.3. Variables of the Research The dependent variables are nurses' attitudes and knowledge levels. The independent variables are nurses' sociodemographic data such as age, professional experience, and education on diabetic foot care. 2.4. Instruments of the Research The Attitude Scale for Diabetic Foot Care (ASDFC) was originally developed and published by Kumarasinghe et al. (2018), and the Turkish validation was performed by Ozgursoy Uran et al. (2024). The Diabetic Foot Knowledge Form was newly developed by the researchers (Ayse Bulut) for the present study, based on current literature and guidelines. An English version of this newly developed form has been uploaded as Supplementary File 1 . Data were collected using the Nurse Information Form, Attitude Scale for Diabetic Foot Care (ASDFC), and Diabetic Foot Knowledge Form. Data were gathered through face-to-face interviews. The Nurse Information Form has 10 questions about nurses’s age, professional experience, and education on diabetic foot care. Attitude Scale for Diabetic Foot Care (ASDFC) was originally developed by Kumarasinghe et al. (2018), and its Turkish adaptation and validation were performed by Ozgursoy Uran et al. (2024). The Diabetic Foot Knowledge Form was developed specifically for this study by the researcher (Ayse Bulut) based on the literature and current diabetic foot guidelines. The English version of the questionnaire has been uploaded as a supplementary file. The original scale consists of three parts and 10 items. However, the third part, which measures nurses' knowledge and attitudes about diabetic wound and care, consists of a total of 8 items in Turkish validation study. Permission to use this third part was received from Kumarasinghe, and Ozgursoy Uran, who conducted the Turkish validity and reliability study. In this study, the 8-item version of the scale was used. On a five-point Likert type scale (1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = undecided, 4 = agree, 5 = strongly agree); The best attitude was scored as 5 points, the worst attitude was scored as 1 point. The lowest score that can be obtained from the scale is 10 points and the highest total score is 40 points. An increase in the score indicates that the nurse has a good attitude towards diabetic foot. In the original study of the scale, Cronbach's alpha reliability was reported as 0.728, in Turkish validation study the Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.89. Diabetic Foot Knowledge Form The "Diabetic Foot Information Form", which includes risk factors related to diabetic foot, factors to be considered during diabetic foot examination, factors that increase and decrease diabetic foot complications, and diabetic foot prevention, has 30 items and was answered as "True", "False" and "I don't know". This form was developed by the researcher after reviewing the literature on the subject by using current guidelines and resources ( 1 , 2 , 7 ). The items in the form were reviewed and finalized by three faculty members, one of whom was an endocrinology specialist and two of whom were internal medicine nursing specialists. The Cronbach's alpha value of the scale for the study was calculated as 0.770. The lowest number of correct answers was 0 and the highest number of correct answers was 30. An increase in the number of correct answers indicates an increase in the knowledge level of the nurses. 2.5. Data Collection and Analysis Data were collected from nurses working in clinics providing diabetic foot care (Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Plastic Surgery, Palliative Care, Orthopedics, Infectious Diseases, Dermatology) at two centers. In a face-to-face format, participants were given a questionnaire to fill out, which was later collected by the researchers. The questionnaire was completed approximately 10 minutes. Data analysis was performed using SPSS (25.0) programme. Statistical analyses included frequency and percentage analysis, chi-square analysis, and parametric and non-parametric tests based on the normal distribution of the scale values. A significance level of p < 0.05 was accepted at a 95% confidence interval. 2.6. Ethical Considerations Ethical approval was granted by the Non-Interventional Ethics Committee of Izmir Katip Celebi University (Approval date: October 21, 2021 / No: 0420). Permission to use the Turkish version of the Attitude Scale for Diabetic Foot Care was obtained from Dr. Ozgursoy Uran. Institutional permissions were also obtained from hospitals. The study participants were given written information explaining the aims, procedures, and benefits of the study. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. 3. Findings The findings obtained from the research are discussed under three main headings in this section: Knowledge levels of nurses according to their demographic characteristics, attitudes of nurses according to their demographic characteristics and findings on the relationship between nurses' knowledge level of diabetic foot care and their attitudes towards diabetic foot care. 3.1. Knowledge Levels of Nurses According to Their Demographic Characteristics Among the nurses included in the study, 65.75% had been under 30 years of age, 26.03% had been between 31–40 years of age, and 76.71% had been female. While 6.16% of the nurses had given correct answers between 0–10, 57.53% had given correct answers between 11–20. The Pearson Chi-Square and Fisher’s Exact analyses had not revealed any statistically significant relationship between any demographic characteristics and the number of correct answers (p > 0.05). It was seen that nurses had mostly given 11–20 correct answers for each age group, and nurses between the ages of 31–40 had given 11–20 correct answers at a higher rate. When the duration of professional experience of the nurses was analyzed, it was seen that in each group, nurses had mostly given 11–20 correct answers, and nurses with 6–10 years of experience had given 11–20 correct answers at a higher rate. When the relationship between the nurses' level of education about diabetic foot and their correct answers was analyzed, it was seen that there had been no relationship between the level of education and the level of knowledge, and nurses had mostly given 11–20 correct answers. Likewise, it was seen that the correct answers had mostly been between 11–20 across hospitals, but there had been no difference between hospitals in this regard (Table 2 ). However, the hypotheses that there was a relationship between nurses' ages (H1), nurses' years of professional experience (H2), and nurses' education on diabetic foot care (H3) and their knowledge levels regarding foot care had been rejected (Table 2 ). Table 2 Relationship Between Demographic Characteristics of Nurses and Number of Correct Answers in Diabetic Foot Information Form Demographic Characteristics Number of Correct Answers on the Diabetic Foot Knowledge Form Test Statistic p 0–10 11–20 21–30 Age ≤ 30 years n 9 50 37 6.365** .145 % 9.4 52.1 38.5 %D.S. 100.0 59.5 69.8 31–40 years n 0 27 11 % 0.0 71.1 28.9 %D.S. 0.0 32.1 20.8 ≥ 41 years n 0 7 5 % 0.0 58.3 41.7 %D.S. 0.0 8.3 9.4 Gender Female n 5 68 39 3.391 .184 % 4.5 60.7 34.8 %D.S. 55.6 81.0 73.6 Male n 4 16 14 % 11.8 47.1 41.2 %D.S. 44.4 19.0 26.4 Hospital X Hospital n 7 48 26 2.879 .237 % 8.6 59.3 32.1 %D.S. 77.8 57.8 49.1 Y Hospital n 2 35 27 % 3.1 54.7 42.2 %D.S. 22.2 42.2 50.9 Education Level Health Vocational School n 3 7 5 6.596 .159 % 20.0 46.7 33.3 %D.S. 33.3 8.3 9.4 Associate and Bachelor's n 5 70 41 % 4.3 60.3 35.3 %D.S. 55.6 83.3 77.4 Master's and above n 1 7 7 % 6.7 46.7 46.7 %D.S. 11.1 8.3 13.2 Nursing Experience (years) ≤ 5 years n 8 44 32 5.791 .215 % 9.5 52.4 38.1 %D.S. 88.9 52.4 60.4 6–10 years n 1 26 11 % 2.6 68.4 28.9 %D.S. 11.1 31.0 20.8 ≥ 11years n 0 14 10 % 0.0 58.3 41.7 %D.S. 0.0 16.7 18.9 Table 2 . Relationship between Demographic Characteristics of Nurses and Number of Correct Answers in Diabetic Foot Information Form (continue) Demographic Characteristics Number of Correct Answers on the Diabetic Foot Knowledge Form Test Statistic p 0–10 11–20 21–30 Experience in Diabetic Foot Care (years) ≤ 5 years n 8 64 42 .539** .988 % 7.0 56.1 36.8 %D.S. 88.9 76.2 79.2 6–10 years n 1 16 9 % 3.8 61.5 34.6 %D.S. 11.1 19.0 17.0 ≥ 11 years n 0 4 2 % 0.0 66.7 33.3 %D.S. 0.0 4.8 3.8 Education on Diabetic Foot Care Yes n 1 25 16 1.462 .481 % 2.4 59.5 38.1 %D.S. 11.1 29.8 30.2 No n 8 59 37 % 7.7 56.7 35.6 %D.S. 88.9 70.2 69.8 Content of Education Diabetes n 1 3 2 7.061** .494 % 16.7 50.0 33.3 %D.S. 100.0 13.6 15.4 Diabetic Foot n 0 15 10 % 0.0 60.0 40.0 %D.S. 0.0 68.2 76.9 Wound Care n 0 3 1 % 0.0 75.0 25.0 %D.S. 0.0 13.6 7.7 Duration of Education Less than 36 months n 0 18 12 4.301** .132 % 0.0 60.0 40.0 %D.S. 0.0 78.3 92.3 More than 36 months n 1 5 1 % 14.3 71.4 14.3 %D.S. 100.0 21.7 7.7 Duration of Education 1–2 hours n 1 17 8 1.135** .632 % 3.8 65.4 30.8 %D.S. 100.0 73.9 61.5 3–7 hours n 0 6 5 % 0.0 54.5 45.5 %D.S. 0.0 26.1 38.5 The hospitals where the study was conducted were coded as X and Y by the researcher and are referred to as X and Y in the following sections. % D.S.: Percentage of number of subjects **Fisher's Exact test Based on the responses provided by the nurses, the statements with the highest number of "correct" answers were as follows: Statement 1: 144 correct responses, Statement 3: 128 correct responses, Statement 4: 133 correct responses, Statement 5: 127 correct responses, Statement 7: 129 correct responses, Statement 26: 133 correct responses, Statement 28: 125 correct responses. The statement with the highest number of "incorrect" responses was: Statement 9: 127 incorrect responses (Table 3 ). Table 3 Distribution of Nurses' Responses to Diabetic Foot Information Diabetic Foot Information Items N % 1. Poor glycemic control, presence of peripheral neuropathy and peripheral arterial disease, structural deformity of the foot, and smoking increase the risk of diabetic foot. False 1 0.7 Don't know 1 0.7 True 144 98.6 2. 15 g monofilament test, reflexes, tactile sensory examination and vibration are performed during foot examinatibon for neuropathy. False 26 17.8 Don't know 63 43.2 True 57 39.0 3. Diabetic patients should have a detailed foot examination at least once a year and the diabetic foot should be examined for risk factors. False 6 4.1 Don't know 12 8.2 True 128 87.7 4. The follow-up and treatment of patients with diabetic foot ulcers or those at high risk should be performed by a multidisciplinary team. False 9 6.2 Don't know 4 2.7 True 133 91.1 5. Shoe striking in the neuropathic foot can easily trigger ulcer development. False 10 6.8 Don't know 9 6.2 True 127 87.0 6. Callus development in the diabetic foot does not pose a risk for infection False 89 61.0 Don't know 45 30.8 True 12 8.2 7. Ischemia due to peripheral arterial disease prevents tissue healing and may cause gangrene and amputation. False 4 2.7 Don't know 13 8.9 True 129 88.4 8. Charcot foot is one of the most devastating foot complications of diabetes with neuropathic bone fractures and joint disease. False 12 8.2 Don't know 45 30.8 True 89 61.0 9. Diabetic foot infection often causes systemic findings such as fever and leukocytosis. False 6 4.1 Don't know 13 8.9 True 127 87.0 10. Daily or more frequent wound cleaning and changing dressings have a positive effect on wound care. False 22 15.1 Don't know 11 7.5 True 113 77.4 11. Dressings containing antimicrobials should not be used to prevent secondary infections or to accelerate wound healing. False 81 55.5 Don't know 32 21.9 True 33 22.6 12. If the wound is stepped on, permanent damage occurs at the wound site due to stress and sudden pressure. False 13 8.9 Don't know 15 10.3 True 118 80.8 13. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is used as an adjunctive treatment to promote wound healing and prevent amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcers, but it does not have a significant effect. False 48 32.9 Don't know 47 32.2 True 51 34.9 14. PEDIS and/or WAGNER Classification is used in the detection and evaluation of diabetic foot.. False 11 7.5 Don't know 56 38.4 True 79 54.1 15. The infectious agent in diabetic foot ulcers is usually gram positive cocci and most commonly Streptococci. False 30 20.5 Don't know 52 35.6 True 64 43.8 16. There is no need to provide preventive foot care education to all diabetics. False 93 63.7 Don't know 9 6.2 True 44 30.1 Table 3 . Distribution of Nurses' Responses to Diabetic Foot Information (continue) 17. Peripheral arterial disease in patients with diabetes typically affects the vessels between the knee and ankle. False 14 9.6 Don't know 21 14.4 True 111 76.0 18. Adequate circulation after ulcer formation is sufficient for healing, even if there is a mechanical load on it. False 60 41.1 Don't know 29 19.9 True 57 39.0 19. Patients with Charcot's foot should be placed in a plaster cast until the skin temperature is normalized. False 26 17.8 Don't know 61 41.8 True 59 40.4 20. Failure to obtain foot pulses is considered high risk. False 21 14.4 Don't know 7 4.8 True 118 80.8 21. There are low, medium and high risk groups in diabetic foot risk diagnosis. False 4 2.7 Don't know 26 17.8 True 116 79.5 22. Osteomyelitis is an important problem of chronic wound and the most definitive treatment is resection of infected and necrotic bone. False 11 7.5 Don't know 56 38.4 True 79 54.1 23.Revascularization should be performed by radiological or surgical methods in tissues with insufficient oxygenation False 7 4.8 Don't know 46 31.5 True 93 63.7 24. The presence of purulent secretion is sufficient for the diagnosis of infection. False 56 38.4 Don't know 22 15.1 True 68 46.6 25. The use of larvae (maggot) is useful for the removal of necrotic tissue in the wound. False 21 14.4 Don't know 69 47.3 True 56 38.4 26. Diabetic foot evaluation should be done in terms of temperature, hydration, edema, pulses, nails and toes. False 4 2.7 Don't know 9 6.2 True 133 91.1 27. Diabetic foot is considered low risk only in the absence of amputation in risk diagnosis. False 64 43.8 Don't know 30 20.5 True 52 35.6 28. Appropriate footwear should be worn according to the level of deformity and activity. False 8 5.5 Don't know 13 8.9 True 125 85.6 29. Diabetic ischemic ulcers are less painful than diabetic neuropathic ulcers. False 41 28.1 Don't know 44 30.1 True 61 41.8 30. Presence of sensation, presence of foot pulse, absence of deformity, absence of past history of foot ulcers and absence of amputation are considered low risk. False 19 13.0 Don't know 14 9.6 True 113 77.4 PEDIS ('Perfusion, Extent, Depth, Infection and Sensation') *Statements shown in bold are highlighted to show that they were answered incorrectly to a large extent. These results indicate that nurses demonstrated a high level of knowledge on specific aspects of diabetic foot care, as evidenced by the statements with the highest number of correct answers. However, Statement 9 represents an area where knowledge or understanding may be lacking, as it received the most incorrect responses. Item 2 must be “false”, however the majority of the nurses could not give the correct answer in this statement. The reason for this is thought to be that it is a statement related to medical order and the examinations are mostly performed by physicians. However, nurses should know the treatment performed within the framework of their semi-dependent role, observe its effects, and reflex and sensory examinations should be among the subjects of patient diagnosis and data collection. In this context, it is thought that this statement should be known by nurses and these issues should be emphasized more meticulously in the trainings to be held. Item 6 must be “false”. However, although the majority of the nurses gave the correct answer, it was found that 30.8% of them were not sure by answering "I don't know". The rate of nurses who did not know that this statement was incorrect is quite high. It should not be forgotten that any deformity related to the foot may pose a significant risk for diabetic foot. Item 9 must be “false”. It was found that the majority (87%) of the nurses made a mistake with the statement "Correct". Although the fact that diabetic foot picture is an infectious event is emphasized in the trainings that nurses receive on this subject, patients should be evaluated and diagnosed comprehensively in terms of systemic infection findings as well as local infection findings. Failure to give the correct answer to this statement indicates that there are problems in the effective use of information by nurses. Item 10, item 11, item 13, item 14, item 22 and item 25 must be “true”, but item 15, item 18, item 19, item 21, item 24 and item 29 must be “false”. However, nurses' knowledge on these issues is not clear, and incomplete information may indicate that nurses do not have sufficient knowledge in wound care and evaluation. It is important to emphasize these issues more in diabetic foot care trainings such as wound care and infection in order not to skip these issues in individualized trainings to be given to the patient. Based on the number of correct answers, nurses' knowledge levels can be categorized as follows: a score of 0–10 indicates low knowledge, 11–20 indicates moderate knowledge, and 21–30 indicates high knowledge. According to the study, 57.5% of the nurses had a moderate level of knowledge, with 11–20 correct answers. This categorization helps in understanding the overall knowledge distribution among the nurses included in the study and highlights that the majority have a moderate understanding of diabetic foot care (Table 3 ). 3.2. Attitudes of Nurses According to Their Demographic Characteristics When the age ranges of the nurses were examined, it was found that 65.8% had been below 30 years old, 76.7% of the nurses had been female, and 74.7% had held a bachelor's degree. It had been found that 57.5% had had 5 years or less of nursing experience, and 78.1% had had 5 years or less of experience in diabetic foot care. It was determined that 71.2% of the nurses had not received any training in diabetic foot care. Additionally, it was determined that 81.1% of the nurses had received training in the last 3 years, and the duration of the training had been between 1–2 hours for 70.2% (Table 4 ). Table 4 Distribution of Nurses' Attitudes According to Demographic Characteristics (n = 146) Demographic Characteristics Numbers ( n) Percentage ( %) Age ≤ 30 years 96 65.8 31–40 years 38 26.0 41–50 years 12 8.2 Gender Female 112 76.7 Male 34 23.3 Education Health Vocational High School 15 10.3 Associate License 7 4.8 Undergraduate 109 74.7 Graduate 15 10.3 Nursing experience (years) ≤ 5 years 84 57.5 6–10 years 38 26.0 11–15 years 15 10.3 16–20 years 5 3.4 ≥ 21 years 4 2.7 Diabetic foot care experience (years) ≤ 5 years 114 78.1 6–10 years 26 17.8 11–15 years 4 2.7 16–20 years 2 1.4 Have you received training on diabetic foot care? Yes 42 28.8 No 104 71.2 You received training in diabetic foot care; Subject of the training Diabetes 6 4.1 Diabetic Foot 25 17.1 Infection 1 0.7 Wound care 4 2.7 Place of training Hospital 5 3.4 Online Education 3 2.1 University 29 19.9 Time of training Less than 36 months 30 81.1 More than 36 months 7 18.9 Duration of training 1–2 hours 26 70.2 3–7 hours 11 29.8 Resources of training In-service training 6 2.2 Internet 83 29.1 Books 92 32.3 Colleague 15 5.3 School 89 31.2 3.3. Findings on the Relationship Between Nurses' Knowledge Level of Diabetic Foot Care and Their Attitudes Towards Diabetic Foot Care The difference between the number of correct answers given by the nurses to the knowledge level form and the mean total scores obtained from the Attitude Towards Diabetic Foot Care scale was analyzed by Anova test, and no statistically significant difference was found between them (p > 0.05) (Table 5 ). According to this the hypothesis (H7) was rejected. Table 5 Distribution of the Number of Correct Answers of Nurses to Diabetic Foot Information Form and Mean Scores of Attitude Scale Towards Diabetic Foot Care Number of Correct n Mean Standard Deviation Test Statistic p 0–10 9 21.666 6.946 f = .056 .945 11–20 84 20.821 7.340 21–30 53 20.792 7.661 A statistically significant difference was found between the mean total scores of the Attitudes Towards Diabetic Foot Care scale according to the age groups of the nurses (p < 0.05). According to the Bonferroni analysis result, a statistically significant difference was found between the age group of ≤ 30 years and 31–40 years (p = .003). It was found that the mean total scale score of the individuals in the 31–40 age group was higher than the mean total scale score of the individuals in the ≤ 30 age group (Table 6 ). Accordingly, the hypothesis "nurses' attitudes towards diabetic patients are positive with age" (H4) was accepted. A statistically significant difference was found between the mean total scores of the scale according to the places where the nurses worked (p < 0.05). Accordingly, it was determined that the mean scale total score of the nurses working in Y hospital was higher than the mean scale total score of the nurses working in X hospital. A statistically significant difference was found between the scale total mean scores according to nursing experience (p < 0.05). According to the Bonferroni analysis result, a statistically significant difference was found between ≤ 5 years and 6–10 years group (p = .000). It was observed that the mean scale total score of individuals in the 6–10 year group was higher than the mean scale total score of individuals in the ≤ 5 year group (Table 6 ). Accordingly, the hypothesis that nurses' attitudes towards diabetic patients are positive with their working time in the profession (H5) was accepted. As a result of the analysis, a statistically significant difference was found between the mean total scores of the scale according to the diabetic foot care experiences of the nurses (p < 0.05). According to the Bonferroni analysis result, a statistically significant difference was found between the group of ≤ 5 years and 6–10 years experiences (p = .002). It was found that the mean total scale score of the nurses has 6–10 years experiences group was higher than the mean total scale score of the nurses has ≤ 5 years experiences group (Table 6 ). Table 6 Comparison of Attitudes Towards Diabetic Foot Care Mean Scores According to Demographic Characteristics of Nurses Sociodemographic Characteristics n Mean St. Deviation Test p Age ≤ 30 years 96 19.552 7.568 f = 5.767 .004* 31–40 years 38 24.210 6.426 ≥ 41 years 12 20.750 5.690 Gender Female 112 20.794 7.658 t = − .202 .840 Male 34 21.088 6.524 Education Health Vocational High School 15 19.733 9.520 f = .200 .819 Associate and Bachelor's Degree 116 20.965 7.319 Graduate 15 21.200 5.759 Hospital X Hospital 81 19.777 7.169 t=-1.976 .050* Y Hospital 64 22.203 7.549 Nursing experience (years) ≤ 5 years 84 19.154 7.802 f = 7.546 .001* 6–10 years 38 24.526 6.141 ≥ 11 years 15 21.666 6.137 Diabetic foot care experience (years) ≤ 5 years 114 19.929 7.435 f = 6.149 .003* 6–10 years 26 25.307 5.438 ≥ 11 years 6 19.333 7.788 Have you received training on diabetic foot care? Yes 42 20.952 7.551 t = .093 .926 No 104 20.826 7.359 Training received in diabetic foot care; Subject Diabetes 6 20.666 5.785 f = .157 .924 Diabetic Foot 25 21.880 8.181 Wound care 4 19.250 5.795 Place Haospital 5 15.600 5.504 f = 3.005 .063 Online Education 3 17.333 10.214 University 29 23.034 6.904 Time ≤ 36 months 30 21.466 7.894 t = .170 .866 < 37 months 7 22.000 5.000 Duration 1–2 hours 12 18.833 7.081 t= -1.930 .065 3–7 hours 14 24.642 8.101 No statistically significant difference was found between the mean total scores of the scale according to the variables of gender, educational status, status of receiving training on diabetic foot care, subject, place, time and duration of the training (p < 0.05). Accordingly, the hypothesis that nurses' attitudes towards diabetic patients are positive with the status of receiving training on diabetic foot care (H6) was rejected. 4. Discussion Diabetic foot is a complication that requires multidisciplinary care. At this point, determining the knowledge levels and attitudes of nurses who care for diabetic foot patients is extremely important. In this study, the effects of sociodemographic variables on the knowledge and attitudes of nurses who care for diabetic foot were examined. 4.1. Knowledge Levels of Nurses According to Demographic Characteristics Diabetic foot care education had been important for increasing patient knowledge about foot care. The knowledge level of the nurse had been considered crucial as part of the management of the diabetic foot in clinical practice ( 9 ). Kumarasinghe et al.’s study, which had been conducted with 200 nurses, had found no significant difference between age and knowledge levels, despite 49% being 30 years of age or younger and 51% being 31 years of age or older. Studies by Kaya and Karaca had shown that as the age of the nurses increased, their knowledge level increased. However, Abate et al. had stated that the knowledge levels of nurses increased as their age decreased. In some studies, no statistically significant difference had been found between knowledge level and age ( 10 , 11 ). In the present study, no significant difference was found between age and knowledge levels (p > 0.05). It can be thought that this lack of difference was due to the younger ages of the nurses participating in our study and their relatively new knowledge. Although the predominance of 228 female nurses (78%) in Bilal et al.'s study, "Knowledge Level of Nurses in Diabetic Outpatients," had drawn attention, the data from our study had shown parallelism with the literature. When analyses related to the gender of the nurses were examined, no significant difference was found between male and female nurses in terms of diabetic foot knowledge levels (p > 0.05). This result was similar to other studies in the literature ( 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ). Abate et al. had found in their study on the knowledge level of nurses caring for diabetic feet that nurses with less than a bachelor's degree had had inadequate knowledge, whereas nurses with a bachelor's degree or higher had had adequate knowledge, which differed from our study. Although the ratio of the number of correct answers had been noteworthy with respect to educational status, no significant difference was found (p > 0.05). In a study conducted by Sukri et al., it was reported that there had been 29 (28.8%) nurses with ≤ 5 years of experience and 72 (71.2%) nurses with ≥ 5 years of experience; in this study, years of experience had been statistically significant. Vij et al. had found that the level of infection control and knowledge of nurses with more years of working experience had been significantly higher than those with less years of experience. The results of these studies were different from those of the present study. Lui et al. ( 21 ) had found that nurses with more years of work experience had performed better in pain management compared to those with fewer years of experience and had found a significant relationship with years of diabetic foot experience, which was different from our study. In the study conducted in Malaysia ( 13 ), the sources of information for nurses about diabetic foot had been 'university' with a correct response rate of 41 nurses (40.5%) and 'less than 24 months' with a correct response rate of 51 nurses (50.1%) to the question of training time, which was different from our study. In our study, no significant difference was found between the subject of the training received in diabetic foot care and the level of knowledge (p > 0.05). In the literature, studies on the knowledge level of nurses caring for diabetic feet had reported 58.5% in Bahir Dar (Ethiopia) ( 14 ), 57.80% in Sri Lanka ( 10 ), 54.0% in Pakistan ( 15 ), and 58.67% in Turkey ( 12 ), indicating that nurses had had knowledge above average. Accordingly, it was determined that the knowledge level of our study group had shown similar results. This study finding was lower than similar studies conducted in Nigeria (64.0%) ( 11 ), Tanta (83.34%) ( 16 ), and Saudi Arabia (75.5%) ( 17 ) 4.2. Attitudes of Nurses According to Demographic Characteristics Nurses have played an important role in the prevention and management of diabetic foot. Therefore, they could modify risk factors with regular follow-up and care and identify sensory loss by performing physical examinations with palpation and percussion in individuals with diabetic foot. Nurses with good knowledge and positive attitudes are more inclined to participate in ulcer care ( 13 , 18 ). Atabe et al. had found that nurses younger than 30 years of age were almost twice as likely to have a positive attitude towards diabetic foot care compared to nurses who were equal to or older than 30 years of age, and that age had significantly affected nurses' attitudes towards diabetic foot care. Although younger nurses had shown a more positive attitude, in our study, it was found that nurses in the older age group had also shown positive attitudes. In a study conducted in Pakistan ( 15 ), it was found that nurses younger than 40 years had exhibited more positive attitudes than those older than 40 years. This present study showed a significant difference in terms of age variable (p < 0.05). Our study is similar to the study of Beeckman et al., and it is thought that years of experience have had a positive effect on attitude. There are also studies in the literature that have not shown a significant difference ( 11 , 15 ). In the findings of our research, no statistically significant difference was found between the mean total scores of the scale according to the variables of receiving training on diabetic foot care, subject, place, time, and duration of the training. The study conducted in Pakistan ( 15 ) had also shown similar findings to our study. 4.3. Comparison of Nurses' Knowledge Level of Diabetic Foot Care and Attitudes Towards Diabetic Foot Care Within the scope of the study, nurses' level of knowledge about diabetic foot and their attitudes towards the prevention and/or management of diabetic foot formation have been evaluated. Accordingly, it has been observed that nurses have exhibited an average attitude towards individuals with diabetic foot ulcers. This finding is much lower than the results from Bahir Dar's study ( 14 ), where 43.3% have been found to have positive attitudes, compared to 78.48% in Pakistan ( 15 ) and 80.98% in Sri Lanka ( 10 ). This difference may be due to nurses stating that infected wounds should be cleaned daily, and these nurses have acquired this attitude through their routine practice. Nurses' positive attitudes and care in addition to treatment make it easier for them to be open to education and conscious about re-ulceration in individuals with DM. A clinical study in Saudi Arabia ( 19 ) has found unsatisfactory scores for nurses' attitudes and has reported that 10.7% of participants have believed that ulcer prevention is a time-consuming process. Another study has supported that nurses' workload, limited resources, and available time do not allow for diabetic foot care ( 20 ). While a statistically significant difference has been found between the mean scores of the total score of the Attitudes Towards Diabetic Foot Care scale according to the units and experiences of the nurses (p < 0.05), no statistically significant difference has been found between the mean scores of the scale according to the variables of gender, educational status, status of receiving training on diabetic foot care, subject, place, time, and duration of the training (p > 0.05). In our study, it has been observed that there is a relationship between the mean attitudes of nurses and the number of correct 11–20. In a study conducted on Belgian nurses ( 18 ), it has been concluded that there is a significant relationship between knowledge and attitudes 5. Conclusions In this bicenter study, the knowledge and attitudes of nurses about diabetic foot care were investigated. It was concluded that the knowledge levels of nurses in both centers were at an intermediate level and their attitudes towards diabetic foot care were affected in relation to some sociodemographic variables. In this context, it is of great importance to increase the knowledge of nurses about diabetic foot and to update their knowledge by ensuring their participation in scientific activities such as various courses, seminars and symposiums. In addition, the knowledge of nurses should be supported in terms of protecting the patient and raising awareness with nursing interventions to prevent diabetic foot. It may be recommended that nurses with little working experience or nurses who are new to the profession should be made especially aware of diabetic foot care through orientation programs. In addition to all these, studies to be conducted with different and larger sample groups can be aimed to determine the obstacles and opportunities of nurses in terms of acquiring knowledge and transforming their attitudes into positive, to create diabetic foot care units in institutions, and to develop various health policies to employ nurses specialized in this field. In this way, the cost of care will also decrease. In addition, the number of studies on this subject in the literature is quite insufficient. Therefore, it is thought that it will make important contributions to the literature and guide nurses. Abbreviations DM Diabetes Mellitus PAD Peripheral Arterial Disease ASDFC Attitude Scale for Diabetic Foot Care SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate Ethical approval was granted by the Non-Interventional Ethics Committee of Izmir Katip Celebi University (Approval date: October 21, 2021 / No: 0420). Permission to use the Turkish version of the Attitude Scale for Diabetic Foot Care was obtained from Dr. Ozgursoy Uran. Institutional permissions were also obtained from hospitals. All participants were informed about the purpose and scope of the study, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Funding This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Author Contribution A.B. conceived and designed the study, collected and analyzed the data, and drafted the main manuscript. B.N.O.U. supervised the study, contributed to the design, and critically reviewed the manuscript. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. Acknowledgements The authors thank all nurses who participated in the study for their valuable contributions. Data Availability The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. References Turkey Endocrinology and Metabolism Society (TEMD). 2020. Guideline for the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of diabetes mellitus and its complications . Available from: https://temd.org.tr/admin/uploads/tbl_kilavuz/202006251545062020tbl_kilavuz86bf012d90.pdf (Accessed: 01.12.2021). International Diabetes Federation. 2021. IDF Diabetes Atlas (10th ed.). International Diabetes Federation. Available from: https://diabetesatlas.org/atlas/tenth-edition/ (Accessed: 01.12.2021). Ministry of Health of Turkey, Public Health Agency. 2014. Turkey diabetes program 2015–2020 . Public Health Agency of Turkey, Publication, (816), 13. Available from: https://extranet.who.int/ncdccs/Data/TUR_D1_Türkiye%20Diyabet%20Programı%202015-2020.pdf (Accessed: 14.12.2021). IWGDF. 2019. International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot, 2019 Guidelines . Available from: https://iwgdfguidelines.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Turkish-translation-IWGDF2019-guidelines.pdf (Accessed: 05.12.2021). Açık Ş. Investigation of the Relationship Between Gremlin-1 Levels and Wagner Classification in Diabetic Foot Patients and Evaluation of Its Usability as a Biomarker for Amputation . Unpublished Specialty Thesis, Izmir: Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 2021. Available from: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/TezGoster?key=9MiDp3x86xrwjpi5-14w-YfGXQXorlyxeCZt0B6eR0_BEozUPf0W9l2t3oAwzbiw IDF. 2019. Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition. Available from: https://www.spd.pt/images/idf_atlas_9th_edition_2019.pdf (accessed: 05.11.2021). TÜRKDİAB, National Diabetes Consensus Group. 2021. Diabetes Diagnosis and Treatment Guide . Available from: https://www.turkdiab.org/admin/PICS/webfiles/Diyabet_Tani_ve_Tedavi_Rehberi_2021.pdf (Accessed: 01.12.2021). Schaper NC, Van Netten JJ, Apelqvist J, Lipsky BA, Bakker K. Prevention and management of foot problems in diabetes: a Summary Guidance for Daily Practice 2015, based on the IWGDF Guidance Documents. Diabetes Metabolism Res. 2016;32(S1):7–15. 10.1002/dmrr.2695 . Vıj A, Wıllıamson SN, Gupta S. Knowledge and practice of nursing staff towards infection control measures in a tertiary care hospital. J Acad Hosp Adm. 2001;13(2):1–6. Kumarasinghe SA, Hettiarachchi P, Wasalathanthri S. Nurses' knowledge on diabetic foot ulcer disease and their attitudes towards patients affected: A cross-sectional institution‐based study. J Clin Nurs. 2018;27(1–2):e203–12. 10.1111/jocn.13917 . Buloala R. Knowledge of Diabetic Foot Care among Nursing Practitioners in Rivers State, Nigeria. TIJNR. 2018;4(2):31–9. 10.21522/TIJNR.2015.04.02.Art003 . Kaya Z, Karaca A. Evaluation of Nurses’ Knowledge Levels of Diabetic Foot Care Management. Nurs Res Pract. 2018;2018:1–12. 10.1155/2018/8549567 . Sukrı MB, et al. Knowledge and attitude of nurses towards diabetic foot care in a secondary health care centre in Malaysia. Med J Malaysia. 2020;75(4):391. Abate TW, Enyew A, Gebrie F, Bayuh H. Nurses’ knowledge and attitude towards diabetes foot care in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia. Heliyon. 2020;6(11):e05552. 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05552 . Bilal M, Haseeb A, Rehman A, Hussham Arshad M, Aslam A, Godil S, et al. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Nurses in Pakistan Towards Diabetic Foot. Cureus. 2018;10(7):e3001. 10.7759/cureus.3001 . Waheıda S, Elshemy MB, Basal AA. Effect of educational program about foot care on nurses' knowledge, practice and outcomes for patients with diabetes. Management. 2015;17:19. Abdullah WH, Al-Senany S, Al-Otheımın HK. Capacity building for nurses’ knowledge and practice regarding prevention of diabetic foot complications. Int J Nurs Sci. 2017;7(1):1–15. 10.5923/j.nursing.20170701.01 . Beeckman D, et al. Knowledge and attitudes of nurses on pressure ulcer prevention: a cross-sectional multicenter study in Belgian hospitals. Worldviews Evidence‐Based Nurs. 2011;83:166–76. Kaddourah B, Abu-Shaheen AK, Al-Tannır M. Knowledge and attitudes of health professionals towards pressure ulcers at a rehabilitation hospital: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs. 2016;15:1–6. 10.1186/s12912-016-0138-6 . Guell C, Unwın N. Barriers to diabetic foot care in a developing country with a high incidence of diabetes related amputations: an exploratory qualitative interview study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2015;15:1–7. Lui L, So W, Fong D. Knowledge and attitudes regarding pain management among nurses in Hong Kong medical units. J Clin Nurs. 2008;17(15):2014–21. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files SupplementaryFile1DiabeticFootKnowledgeFormEnglish.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in BMC Nursing → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 24 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 20 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 20 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 18 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 15 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 Dec, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 09 Dec, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 01 Dec, 2025 Editor invited by journal 05 Nov, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 05 Nov, 2025 First submitted to journal 05 Nov, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eDiabetes is a chronic, broad-spectrum metabolic disorder that requires long-term medical care, occurring when the pancreas has a problem producing insulin or the body cannot adequately use the insulin produced, resulting in the inability to sufficiently utilize fats, carbohydrates, and proteins (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). According to the the International Diabetes Federation's (IDF) data of 2021, three out of four adults with diabetes live in low- and middle-income countries. Diabetes has resulted in at least \u003cspan\u003e$\u003c/span\u003e966\u0026nbsp;billion in healthcare expenditures and 6.7\u0026nbsp;million deaths worldwide (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). The Turkey Diabetes, Hypertension, Obesity and Endocrinological Diseases Prevalence (TURDEP) studies, conducted first in 1998 and then again in 2010, reveal a significant rise in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity in Turkiye over the past 12 years. During this period, the prevalence of DM has surged by 90%, and obesity has increased by 44%. While TURDEP-I found the prevalence of diabetes to be 7.2%, TURDEP-II recorded an increase to 13.7% (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe complications of diabetes are divided into acute and chronic categories. Diabetes complications can be categorized into acute and chronic complications. Acute complications include hypoglycemic coma, hyperglycemic emergencies such as diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma, and lactic acidosis. Chronic complications encompass macrovascular complications, which include cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease (PAD), as well as microvascular complications, which include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic foot (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). The complication that will be examined in this study is diabetic foot.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDiabetic foot is a complication of diabetes, primarily caused by neuropathy, peripheral artery disease, or infection, leading to diabetic foot ulcers and often resulting in limb amputation. It is one of the most costly complications of diabetes, posing significant economic, social, and public health challenges (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). Diabetic foot results in tissue and organ loss, decreased quality of life, loss of workforce, psychosocial harm, and increased healthcare costs. It is the most common reason for hospitalization and the condition requiring the longest hospital stays. Therefore, identifying patients at risk for diabetic foot, taking preventive measures before ulcer formation, and immediately treating any existing lesions to protect patients from the most critical outcome, amputation, is crucial. Education of patients and their relatives, regular metabolic control, and a multidisciplinary approach can prevent diabetic foot. Systematic screening for neuropathic, vascular, and musculoskeletal involvement of the lower extremities and examining feet at each check-up can significantly reduce morbidity caused by foot problems (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAccording to the IDF\u0026rsquo;s data of 2019, the prevalence of diabetic foot is with an average of 6.4%. It is reported that diabetic foot and lower extremity complications affect 40\u0026ndash;60\u0026nbsp;million patients worldwide, are more common in men than women, and are more frequent in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Additionally, every 20 seconds, a patient is amputated somewhere in the world due to diabetes complications. The lifetime incidence rate of diabetic foot ulcers in individuals with diabetes reaches up to 34% (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDiabetic foot is primarily caused by neuropathy and angiopathy. Neuropathy can be divided into sensory, motor, and autonomic neuropathy. Sensory neuropathy leads to reduced sensation of touch, heat, and cold, as well as reduced pain sensation, making the foot more prone to trauma. This can result in infection and the development of foot ulcers or chronic wounds. The development of a diabetic foot is not due to a single etiology. Neuropathy alone is not sufficient for the development of a diabetic foot ulcer. The major factors in the etiology are combinations of neuropathy, ischemia, and infection (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDespite its controversial aspects, the Wagner-Meggitt classification remains the simplest and most commonly used classification system for diabetic foot in current practice. The Wagner classification, shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, includes patients without foot ulcers but with identified risk factors (Stage 0) and groups open ulcers by the presence of infection or gangrene into mild to severe stages 1 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWagner-Meggitt Classification of Diabetic Foot\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGrade 0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigh-risk foot\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGrade 1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFoot ulcer\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGrade 2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUlcer penetrating to subcutaneous tissue (no penetration to ligament, muscle, bone, or abscess formation)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGrade 3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDeep ulcer with cellulitis and abscess formation (often associated with osteomyelitis)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGrade 4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLocalized gangrene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGrade 5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eExtensive gangrene involving the entire foot\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe primary goal in the treatment of diabetic ulcers is to achieve wound closure. The treatment of diabetic foot ulcers varies depending on the severity of the ulcer and the presence or absence of ischemia. Key components of the treatment include debridement, pressure relief, infection management, ensuring adequate blood flow, and proper wound dressing. Debridement involves the removal of dead tissue to promote healing. Pressure relief is crucial for preventing further damage to the wound area. Infection management entails identifying the type of bacteria present and providing appropriate antibiotics. Ensuring adequate blood flow to the affected area is vital for healing, and keeping the ulcer clean and moist through proper wound dressing is essential (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe TIME principle, which stands for \u003cspan type=\"BoldUnderline\" class=\"BoldUnderline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eT\u003c/span\u003eissue debridement, \u003cspan type=\"BoldUnderline\" class=\"BoldUnderline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eI\u003c/span\u003enflammation and infection control, \u003cspan type=\"BoldUnderline\" class=\"BoldUnderline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM\u003c/span\u003eoisture balance, and \u003cspan type=\"BoldUnderline\" class=\"BoldUnderline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eE\u003c/span\u003epithelial edge advancement, is commonly recommended for preparing the wound bed. While not all wounds require antibiotic treatment, empirical antibiotic therapy is applied if there are signs of soft tissue infection. Other treatment methods include glycemic and hypertension control, cessation of tobacco products, healthy eating, and LDL cholesterol control. Surgical intervention and regular monitoring after debridement are also important. Advanced therapies such as oxygen therapy and negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) can further aid in wound healing (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe treatment of diabetic ulcers necessitates a comprehensive approach, including mechanical load management, infection control, and advanced therapies. Bed rest, crutches, and surgical interventions like osteomyelitis treatment are essential. Additionally, platelet-rich plasma, stem cells, and grafts may expedite healing. Preventive care and regular foot monitoring based on risk status are crucial to avoid ulcer formation. Nurses play a pivotal role in long-term care, emphasizing patient education and preventive measures as key nursing interventions in managing chronic conditions like diabetes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNursing care according to stages can be summarized as follows. In Wagner stage 0, there is no ulcer, but the risk is high. Nurses should help detect early signs of foot problems, such as redness, swelling, increased temperature, pain, fissures, blisters, peeling skin, ingrown toenails, and calluses. Educating patients on foot care and regular monitoring can prevent ulcer formation. In stage 1, the ulcer is washed with saline without touching the area, and signs of infection are assessed. Oral antibiotics are used if infection is present, and non-adherent dressings are applied. Pressure-relieving measures and regular glucose monitoring are essential (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn stage 2, deeper ulcers may involve muscles, tendons, and ligaments but do not yet have osteomyelitis or deep abscesses. Nurses should monitor for infection signs and use aseptic techniques in wound care. Patients with diabetic ulcers should rest and elevate their feet to improve blood flow, reduce edema, and alleviate pain. Psychological screening is vital to assess the patient's mental health, attitudes, emotions, socioeconomic resources, and quality of life. A holistic approach is essential, and family support should be encouraged (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn stage 3, deep ulcers are accompanied by osteomyelitis or soft tissue abscesses. MRI is recommended for detecting deep tissue infections, and surgical intervention may be necessary for severe infections or gangrene. In stages 4 and 5, gangrene may develop, and despite good care, amputation may be required (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) as point, nursing interventions applied in stage 2 should be continued.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn addition, wound monitoring after amputation is very important and nurses should provide aseptic wound care, manage pain, and support the emotional well-being of the patient. After surgery, the wound should be evaluated for bleeding, drainage, laxity, odor, purulent discharge, and necrosis. Nurses should cooperate with the healthcare team to prevent further complications (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e). All these nursing roles actually emphasize the importance of the care process. The development of nurses' knowledge and skills in this area will also benefit the cost aspect of diabetic foot care. This study, planned with this in mind, aims to assess the knowledge and attitudes of nurses regarding the management process of diabetic foot care in diabetic patients.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Materials and Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.1. Type of Research\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis research was designed as a descriptive and two-center study to evaluate the knowledge levels and attitudes of nurses caring for patients with diabetic foot ulcers.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eResearch Hypotheses\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eH\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e: There is a relationship between nurses' ages and their level of knowledge regarding foot care.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eH\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e: There is a relationship between nurses' years of experience in the profession and their level of knowledge regarding foot care.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e: There is a relationship between nurses' training in diabetic foot care and their level of knowledge regarding foot care.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eH\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e: Nurses' attitudes towards diabetic patients are positive with respect to their ages.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eH\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e: Nurses' attitudes towards diabetic patients are positive with respect to their years of experience in the profession.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eH\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e: Nurses' attitudes towards diabetic patients are positive with respect to their training in diabetic foot care.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eH\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003e: There is a difference between nurses' knowledge level about diabetic foot care and their attitude scores towards diabetic foot care.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.2. Location and Participations of Research\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe research was initially planned to be conducted at two centers in Izmir in Turkiye between November and June 2022. Hospitals are coded as X and Y in the study. The population consisted of all nurses working at these hospitals. The sample included nurses who met the inclusion criteria and cared for patients with diabetic foot ulcers. The sample size was calculated using the formula for determining the number of individuals to be sampled based on the incidence rate of the event, with a confidence level of 95%, a standard deviation of 5%, and an unknown prevalence value of 50%. The following formula was used:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003en = (N x t2 x (Pq) / d2 x (N-1)\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;t2 x (Pq))\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eN is the population size (250), p is the incidence rate (0.5), q is the non-incidence rate (1-p), ttt is the theoretical value from the t-table at the specified confidence level (1.96), and d is the desired deviation (0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBased on power analysis, the study aimed to include at least 152 nurses, with a power of 80% and a confidence level of 95%. However, six nurses who did not wish to participate or completed the forms incorrectly were excluded, and the study was completed with 146 nurses, resulting in a sample power of 94%.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eInclusion criteria:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eCaring for a patient with diabetic foot ulcers\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eBeing 18 years or older\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eWillingness to participate in the research\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNurses who did not meet the inclusion criteria or who cared for patients without diabetic foot ulcers were excluded.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.3. Variables of the Research\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe dependent variables are nurses' attitudes and knowledge levels. The independent variables are nurses' sociodemographic data such as age, professional experience, and education on diabetic foot care.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.4. Instruments of the Research\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eAttitude Scale for Diabetic Foot Care (ASDFC)\u003c/em\u003e was originally developed and published by Kumarasinghe et al. (2018), and the Turkish validation was performed by Ozgursoy Uran et al. (2024). The \u003cem\u003eDiabetic Foot Knowledge Form\u003c/em\u003e was newly developed by the researchers (Ayse Bulut) for the present study, based on current literature and guidelines. An English version of this newly developed form has been uploaded as \u003cem\u003eSupplementary File 1\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eData were collected using the Nurse Information Form, Attitude Scale for Diabetic Foot Care (ASDFC), and Diabetic Foot Knowledge Form. Data were gathered through face-to-face interviews.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Nurse Information Form\u003c/em\u003e has 10 questions about nurses\u0026rsquo;s age, professional experience, and education on diabetic foot care.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAttitude Scale for Diabetic Foot Care (ASDFC)\u003c/em\u003e was originally developed by Kumarasinghe et al. (2018), and its Turkish adaptation and validation were performed by Ozgursoy Uran et al. (2024). The Diabetic Foot Knowledge Form was developed specifically for this study by the researcher (Ayse Bulut) based on the literature and current diabetic foot guidelines. The English version of the questionnaire has been uploaded as a supplementary file. The original scale consists of three parts and 10 items. However, the third part, which measures nurses' knowledge and attitudes about diabetic wound and care, consists of a total of 8 items in Turkish validation study. Permission to use this third part was received from Kumarasinghe, and Ozgursoy Uran, who conducted the Turkish validity and reliability study. In this study, the 8-item version of the scale was used. On a five-point Likert type scale (1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;strongly disagree, 2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;disagree, 3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;undecided, 4\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;agree, 5\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;strongly agree); The best attitude was scored as 5 points, the worst attitude was scored as 1 point. The lowest score that can be obtained from the scale is 10 points and the highest total score is 40 points. An increase in the score indicates that the nurse has a good attitude towards diabetic foot. In the original study of the scale, Cronbach's alpha reliability was reported as 0.728, in Turkish validation study the Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.89.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDiabetic Foot Knowledge Form\u003c/em\u003e The \"Diabetic Foot Information Form\", which includes risk factors related to diabetic foot, factors to be considered during diabetic foot examination, factors that increase and decrease diabetic foot complications, and diabetic foot prevention, has 30 items and was answered as \"True\", \"False\" and \"I don't know\". This form was developed by the researcher after reviewing the literature on the subject by using current guidelines and resources (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e). The items in the form were reviewed and finalized by three faculty members, one of whom was an endocrinology specialist and two of whom were internal medicine nursing specialists. The Cronbach's alpha value of the scale for the study was calculated as 0.770. The lowest number of correct answers was 0 and the highest number of correct answers was 30. An increase in the number of correct answers indicates an increase in the knowledge level of the nurses.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.5. Data Collection and Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eData were collected from nurses working in clinics providing diabetic foot care (Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Plastic Surgery, Palliative Care, Orthopedics, Infectious Diseases, Dermatology) at two centers. In a face-to-face format, participants were given a questionnaire to fill out, which was later collected by the researchers. The questionnaire was completed approximately 10 minutes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eData analysis was performed using SPSS (25.0) programme. Statistical analyses included frequency and percentage analysis, chi-square analysis, and parametric and non-parametric tests based on the normal distribution of the scale values. A significance level of p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 was accepted at a 95% confidence interval.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.6. Ethical Considerations\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical approval\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003e was granted by the Non-Interventional Ethics Committee of Izmir Katip Celebi University (Approval date: October 21, 2021 / No: 0420). Permission to use the Turkish version of the Attitude Scale for Diabetic Foot Care was obtained from Dr. Ozgursoy Uran. Institutional permissions were also obtained from hospitals. The study participants were given written information explaining the aims, procedures, and benefits of the study. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3. Findings","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe findings obtained from the research are discussed under three main headings in this section: Knowledge levels of nurses according to their demographic characteristics, attitudes of nurses according to their demographic characteristics and findings on the relationship between nurses' knowledge level of diabetic foot care and their attitudes towards diabetic foot care.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e3.1. Knowledge Levels of Nurses According to Their Demographic Characteristics\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAmong the nurses included in the study, 65.75% had been under 30 years of age, 26.03% had been between 31\u0026ndash;40 years of age, and 76.71% had been female. While 6.16% of the nurses had given correct answers between 0\u0026ndash;10, 57.53% had given correct answers between 11\u0026ndash;20.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Pearson Chi-Square and Fisher\u0026rsquo;s Exact analyses had not revealed any statistically significant relationship between any demographic characteristics and the number of correct answers (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). It was seen that nurses had mostly given 11\u0026ndash;20 correct answers for each age group, and nurses between the ages of 31\u0026ndash;40 had given 11\u0026ndash;20 correct answers at a higher rate. When the duration of professional experience of the nurses was analyzed, it was seen that in each group, nurses had mostly given 11\u0026ndash;20 correct answers, and nurses with 6\u0026ndash;10 years of experience had given 11\u0026ndash;20 correct answers at a higher rate. When the relationship between the nurses' level of education about diabetic foot and their correct answers was analyzed, it was seen that there had been no relationship between the level of education and the level of knowledge, and nurses had mostly given 11\u0026ndash;20 correct answers. Likewise, it was seen that the correct answers had mostly been between 11\u0026ndash;20 across hospitals, but there had been no difference between hospitals in this regard (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). However, the hypotheses that there was a relationship between nurses' ages (H1), nurses' years of professional experience (H2), and nurses' education on diabetic foot care (H3) and their knowledge levels regarding foot care had been rejected (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRelationship Between Demographic Characteristics of Nurses and Number of Correct Answers in Diabetic Foot Information Form\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"1\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDemographic Characteristics\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNumber of Correct Answers on the Diabetic Foot Knowledge Form\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTest Statistic\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0\u0026ndash;10\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11\u0026ndash;20\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21\u0026ndash;30\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"8\" rowspan=\"9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;30 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"8\" rowspan=\"9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.365**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"8\" rowspan=\"9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.145\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e52.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e38.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%D.S.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e59.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e69.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31\u0026ndash;40 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e71.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%D.S.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e32.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;41 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e58.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e41.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%D.S.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.391\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.184\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e34.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%D.S.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e55.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e81.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e73.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e47.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e41.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%D.S.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHospital\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eX Hospital\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.879\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.237\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e59.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e32.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%D.S.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e77.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e57.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e49.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY Hospital\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%D.S.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"8\" rowspan=\"9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEducation Level\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHealth Vocational School\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"8\" rowspan=\"9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.596\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"8\" rowspan=\"9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.159\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e33.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%D.S.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e33.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAssociate and Bachelor's\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e35.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%D.S.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e55.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e83.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e77.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMaster's and above\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%D.S.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"8\" rowspan=\"9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNursing Experience (years)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;5 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"8\" rowspan=\"9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.791\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"8\" rowspan=\"9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.215\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e52.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e38.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%D.S.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e88.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e52.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u0026ndash;10 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e68.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%D.S.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;11years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e58.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e41.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%D.S.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"No\" id=\"Taba\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"18\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c14\" colnum=\"14\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c15\" colnum=\"15\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c16\" colnum=\"16\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c17\" colnum=\"17\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c18\" colnum=\"18\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"16\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e. Relationship between Demographic Characteristics of Nurses and Number of Correct Answers in Diabetic Foot Information Form (continue)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" morerows=\"1\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDemographic Characteristics\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNumber of Correct Answers on the Diabetic Foot Knowledge Form\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" morerows=\"1\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c13\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTest Statistic\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ep\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0\u0026ndash;10\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11\u0026ndash;20\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21\u0026ndash;30\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"8\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eExperience in Diabetic Foot Care (years)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;5 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" morerows=\"8\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c14\" rowspan=\"9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.539**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\" morerows=\"8\" rowspan=\"9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.988\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e56.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e36.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%D.S.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e88.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e76.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e79.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u0026ndash;10 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e61.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e34.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%D.S.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;11 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e66.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e33.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%D.S.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"5\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEducation on Diabetic Foot Care\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" morerows=\"5\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c14\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.462\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.481\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e59.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e38.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%D.S.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e59\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e56.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e35.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%D.S.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e88.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e70.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e69.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"8\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eContent of Education\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDiabetes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\" morerows=\"8\" rowspan=\"9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.061**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" morerows=\"8\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c16\" rowspan=\"9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.494\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e33.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%D.S.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDiabetic Foot\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e40.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%D.S.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e68.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e76.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWound Care\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e75.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%D.S.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"5\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDuration of Education\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLess than 36 months\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.301**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" morerows=\"5\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c16\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.132\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e40.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%D.S.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e78.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e92.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMore than 36 months\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e71.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%D.S.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"5\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDuration of Education\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2 hours\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.135**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" morerows=\"5\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c16\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.632\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e65.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%D.S.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e73.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e61.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u0026ndash;7 hours\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%D.S.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e38.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"18\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe hospitals where the study was conducted were coded as X and Y by the researcher and are referred to as X and Y in the following sections. % D.S.: Percentage of number of subjects **Fisher's Exact test\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBased on the responses provided by the nurses, the statements with the highest number of \"correct\" answers were as follows: Statement 1: 144 correct responses, Statement 3: 128 correct responses, Statement 4: 133 correct responses, Statement 5: 127 correct responses, Statement 7: 129 correct responses, Statement 26: 133 correct responses, Statement 28: 125 correct responses. The statement with the highest number of \"incorrect\" responses was: Statement 9: 127 incorrect responses (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDistribution of Nurses' Responses to Diabetic Foot Information\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDiabetic Foot Information Items\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. Poor glycemic control, presence of peripheral neuropathy and peripheral arterial disease, structural deformity of the foot, and smoking increase the risk of diabetic foot.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon't know\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e144\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e98.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2. 15 g monofilament test, reflexes, tactile sensory examination and vibration are performed during foot examinatibon for neuropathy.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon't know\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e63\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e39.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3. Diabetic patients should have a detailed foot examination at least once a year and the diabetic foot should be examined for risk factors.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon't know\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e128\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e87.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4. The follow-up and treatment of patients with diabetic foot ulcers or those at high risk should be performed by a multidisciplinary team.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon't know\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e133\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e91.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5. Shoe striking in the neuropathic foot can easily trigger ulcer development.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon't know\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e127\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e87.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6. Callus development in the diabetic foot does not pose a risk for infection\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e89\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e61.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon't know\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7. Ischemia due to peripheral arterial disease prevents tissue healing and may cause gangrene and amputation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon't know\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e129\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e88.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8. Charcot foot is one of the most devastating foot complications of diabetes with neuropathic bone fractures and joint disease.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon't know\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e89\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e61.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9. Diabetic foot infection often causes systemic findings such as fever and leukocytosis.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon't know\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e127\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e87.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10. Daily or more frequent wound cleaning and changing dressings have a positive effect on wound care.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon't know\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e113\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e77.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11. Dressings containing antimicrobials should not be used to prevent secondary infections or to accelerate wound healing.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e81\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e55.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon't know\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12. If the wound is stepped on, permanent damage occurs at the wound site due to stress and sudden pressure.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon't know\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e118\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e80.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is used as an adjunctive treatment to promote wound healing and prevent amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcers, but it does not have a significant effect.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e32.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon't know\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e47\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e32.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e34.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14. PEDIS and/or WAGNER Classification is used in the detection and evaluation of diabetic foot..\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon't know\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e38.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15. The infectious agent in diabetic foot ulcers is usually gram positive cocci and most commonly Streptococci.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon't know\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e35.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16. There is no need to provide preventive foot care education to all diabetics.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e63.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon't know\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e. Distribution of Nurses' Responses to Diabetic Foot Information (continue)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17. Peripheral arterial disease in patients with diabetes typically affects the vessels between the knee and ankle.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon't know\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e111\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e76.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18. Adequate circulation after ulcer formation is sufficient for healing, even if there is a mechanical load on it.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e41.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon't know\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e39.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19. Patients with Charcot's foot should be placed in a plaster cast until the skin temperature is normalized.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon't know\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e41.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e59\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e40.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20. Failure to obtain foot pulses is considered high risk.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon't know\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e118\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e80.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21. There are low, medium and high risk groups in diabetic foot risk diagnosis.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon't know\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e116\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e79.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22. Osteomyelitis is an important problem of chronic wound and the most definitive treatment is resection of infected and necrotic bone.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon't know\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e38.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e23.Revascularization should be performed by radiological or surgical methods in tissues with insufficient oxygenation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon't know\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e63.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24. The presence of purulent secretion is sufficient for the diagnosis of infection.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e38.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon't know\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25. The use of larvae (maggot) is useful for the removal of necrotic tissue in the wound.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon't know\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e69\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e47.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e38.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26. Diabetic foot evaluation should be done in terms of temperature, hydration, edema, pulses, nails and toes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon't know\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e133\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e91.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e27. Diabetic foot is considered low risk only in the absence of amputation in risk diagnosis.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon't know\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e35.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28. Appropriate footwear should be worn according to the level of deformity and activity.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon't know\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e125\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e85.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29. Diabetic ischemic ulcers are less painful than diabetic neuropathic ulcers.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon't know\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e41.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30. Presence of sensation, presence of foot pulse, absence of deformity, absence of past history of foot ulcers and absence of amputation are considered low risk.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon't know\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e113\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e77.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePEDIS ('Perfusion, Extent, Depth, Infection and Sensation')\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e*Statements shown in bold are highlighted to show that they were answered\u003c/em\u003e \u003cspan type=\"ItalicUnderline\" class=\"ItalicUnderline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eincorrectly\u003c/span\u003e \u003cem\u003eto a large extent.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThese results indicate that nurses demonstrated a high level of knowledge on specific aspects of diabetic foot care, as evidenced by the statements with the highest number of correct answers. However, Statement 9 represents an area where knowledge or understanding may be lacking, as it received the most incorrect responses.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eItem 2 must be \u0026ldquo;false\u0026rdquo;, however the majority of the nurses could not give the correct answer in this statement. The reason for this is thought to be that it is a statement related to medical order and the examinations are mostly performed by physicians. However, nurses should know the treatment performed within the framework of their semi-dependent role, observe its effects, and reflex and sensory examinations should be among the subjects of patient diagnosis and data collection. In this context, it is thought that this statement should be known by nurses and these issues should be emphasized more meticulously in the trainings to be held.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eItem 6 must be \u0026ldquo;false\u0026rdquo;. However, although the majority of the nurses gave the correct answer, it was found that 30.8% of them were not sure by answering \"I don't know\". The rate of nurses who did not know that this statement was incorrect is quite high. It should not be forgotten that any deformity related to the foot may pose a significant risk for diabetic foot.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eItem 9 must be \u0026ldquo;false\u0026rdquo;. It was found that the majority (87%) of the nurses made a mistake with the statement \"Correct\". Although the fact that diabetic foot picture is an infectious event is emphasized in the trainings that nurses receive on this subject, patients should be evaluated and diagnosed comprehensively in terms of systemic infection findings as well as local infection findings. Failure to give the correct answer to this statement indicates that there are problems in the effective use of information by nurses.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eItem 10, item 11, item 13, item 14, item 22 and item 25 must be \u0026ldquo;true\u0026rdquo;, but item 15, item 18, item 19, item 21, item 24 and item 29 must be \u0026ldquo;false\u0026rdquo;. However, nurses' knowledge on these issues is not clear, and incomplete information may indicate that nurses do not have sufficient knowledge in wound care and evaluation. It is important to emphasize these issues more in diabetic foot care trainings such as wound care and infection in order not to skip these issues in individualized trainings to be given to the patient.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBased on the number of correct answers, nurses' knowledge levels can be categorized as follows: a score of 0\u0026ndash;10 indicates low knowledge, 11\u0026ndash;20 indicates moderate knowledge, and 21\u0026ndash;30 indicates high knowledge. According to the study, 57.5% of the nurses had a moderate level of knowledge, with 11\u0026ndash;20 correct answers. This categorization helps in understanding the overall knowledge distribution among the nurses included in the study and highlights that the majority have a moderate understanding of diabetic foot care (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e3.2. Attitudes of Nurses According to Their Demographic Characteristics\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen the age ranges of the nurses were examined, it was found that 65.8% had been below 30 years old, 76.7% of the nurses had been female, and 74.7% had held a bachelor's degree. It had been found that 57.5% had had 5 years or less of nursing experience, and 78.1% had had 5 years or less of experience in diabetic foot care. It was determined that 71.2% of the nurses had not received any training in diabetic foot care. Additionally, it was determined that 81.1% of the nurses had received training in the last 3 years, and the duration of the training had been between 1\u0026ndash;2 hours for 70.2% (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDistribution of Nurses' Attitudes According to Demographic Characteristics (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;146)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Underline\" class=\"Underline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eDemographic Characteristics\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Underline\" class=\"Underline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eNumbers\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Underline\" class=\"Underline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003en)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Underline\" class=\"Underline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003ePercentage\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Underline\" class=\"Underline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;30 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e65.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31\u0026ndash;40 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e41\u0026ndash;50 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e112\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e76.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e23.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEducation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHealth Vocational High School\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAssociate License\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUndergraduate\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e109\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e74.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGraduate\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNursing experience (years)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;5 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e57.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u0026ndash;10 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u0026ndash;15 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16\u0026ndash;20 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;21 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDiabetic foot care experience (years)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;5 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e114\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e78.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u0026ndash;10 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u0026ndash;15 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16\u0026ndash;20 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHave you received training on diabetic foot care?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e104\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e71.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eYou received training in diabetic foot care;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSubject of the training\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDiabetes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDiabetic Foot\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eInfection\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWound care\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlace of training\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHospital\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOnline Education\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUniversity\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTime of training\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLess than 36 months\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e81.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMore than 36 months\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDuration of training\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2 hours\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e70.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u0026ndash;7 hours\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eResources of training\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn-service training\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eInternet\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e83\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBooks\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e92\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e32.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eColleague\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e89\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3.3. Findings on the Relationship Between Nurses' Knowledge Level of Diabetic Foot Care and Their Attitudes Towards Diabetic Foot Care\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe difference between the number of correct answers given by the nurses to the knowledge level form and the mean total scores obtained from the Attitude Towards Diabetic Foot Care scale was analyzed by Anova test, and no statistically significant difference was found between them (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e). According to this the hypothesis (H7) was rejected.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDistribution of the Number of Correct Answers of Nurses to Diabetic Foot Information Form and Mean Scores of Attitude Scale Towards Diabetic Foot Care\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNumber of Correct\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStandard Deviation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTest Statistic\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u0026ndash;10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.666\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.946\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ef\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.056\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.945\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u0026ndash;20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.821\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.340\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21\u0026ndash;30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.792\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.661\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA statistically significant difference was found between the mean total scores of the Attitudes Towards Diabetic Foot Care scale according to the age groups of the nurses (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). According to the Bonferroni analysis result, a statistically significant difference was found between the age group of \u0026le;\u0026thinsp;30 years and 31\u0026ndash;40 years (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.003). It was found that the mean total scale score of the individuals in the 31\u0026ndash;40 age group was higher than the mean total scale score of the individuals in the \u0026le;\u0026thinsp;30 age group (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e). Accordingly, the hypothesis \"nurses' attitudes towards diabetic patients are positive with age\" (H4) was accepted.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA statistically significant difference was found between the mean total scores of the scale according to the places where the nurses worked (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Accordingly, it was determined that the mean scale total score of the nurses working in Y hospital was higher than the mean scale total score of the nurses working in X hospital.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA statistically significant difference was found between the scale total mean scores according to nursing experience (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). According to the Bonferroni analysis result, a statistically significant difference was found between \u0026le;\u0026thinsp;5 years and 6\u0026ndash;10 years group (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.000). It was observed that the mean scale total score of individuals in the 6\u0026ndash;10 year group was higher than the mean scale total score of individuals in the \u0026le;\u0026thinsp;5 year group (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e). Accordingly, the hypothesis that nurses' attitudes towards diabetic patients are positive with their working time in the profession (H5) was accepted.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAs a result of the analysis, a statistically significant difference was found between the mean total scores of the scale according to the diabetic foot care experiences of the nurses (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). According to the Bonferroni analysis result, a statistically significant difference was found between the group of \u0026le;\u0026thinsp;5 years and 6\u0026ndash;10 years experiences (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.002). It was found that the mean total scale score of the nurses has 6\u0026ndash;10 years experiences group was higher than the mean total scale score of the nurses has \u0026le;\u0026thinsp;5 years experiences group (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eComparison of Attitudes Towards Diabetic Foot Care Mean Scores According to Demographic Characteristics of Nurses\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSociodemographic Characteristics\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSt. Deviation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTest\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;30 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.552\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.568\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ef\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5.767\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e.004*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31\u0026ndash;40 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24.210\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.426\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;41 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.750\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.690\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e112\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.794\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.658\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003et\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.202\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.840\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.088\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.524\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEducation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHealth Vocational High School\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.733\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.520\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ef\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.200\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.819\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAssociate and Bachelor's Degree\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e116\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.965\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.319\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGraduate\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.200\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.759\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHospital\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eX Hospital\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e81\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.777\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.169\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003et=-1.976\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e.050*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY Hospital\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22.203\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.549\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNursing experience (years)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;5 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.154\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.802\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ef\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;7.546\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e.001*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u0026ndash;10 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24.526\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.141\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;11 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.666\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.137\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDiabetic foot care experience (years)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;5 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e114\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.929\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.435\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ef\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6.149\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e.003*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u0026ndash;10 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25.307\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.438\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;11 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.333\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.788\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHave you received training on diabetic foot care?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.952\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.551\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003et\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.093\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.926\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e104\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.826\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.359\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTraining received in diabetic foot care;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSubject\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDiabetes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.666\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.785\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ef\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.157\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.924\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDiabetic Foot\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.880\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.181\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWound care\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.250\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.795\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlace\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHaospital\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.600\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.504\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ef\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.005\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.063\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOnline Education\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.333\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.214\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUniversity\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e23.034\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.904\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTime\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Underline\" class=\"Underline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e\u0026le;\u003c/span\u003e\u0026thinsp;36 months\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.466\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.894\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003et\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.170\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.866\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;37 months\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDuration\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2 hours\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18.833\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.081\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003et= -1.930\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.065\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u0026ndash;7 hours\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24.642\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.101\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo statistically significant difference was found between the mean total scores of the scale according to the variables of gender, educational status, status of receiving training on diabetic foot care, subject, place, time and duration of the training (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Accordingly, the hypothesis that nurses' attitudes towards diabetic patients are positive with the status of receiving training on diabetic foot care (H6) was rejected.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"4. Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eDiabetic foot is a complication that requires multidisciplinary care. At this point, determining the knowledge levels and attitudes of nurses who care for diabetic foot patients is extremely important. In this study, the effects of sociodemographic variables on the knowledge and attitudes of nurses who care for diabetic foot were examined.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e4.1. Knowledge Levels of Nurses According to Demographic Characteristics\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eDiabetic foot care education had been important for increasing patient knowledge about foot care. The knowledge level of the nurse had been considered crucial as part of the management of the diabetic foot in clinical practice (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eKumarasinghe et al.\u0026rsquo;s study, which had been conducted with 200 nurses, had found no significant difference between age and knowledge levels, despite 49% being 30 years of age or younger and 51% being 31 years of age or older. Studies by Kaya and Karaca had shown that as the age of the nurses increased, their knowledge level increased. However, Abate et al. had stated that the knowledge levels of nurses increased as their age decreased. In some studies, no statistically significant difference had been found between knowledge level and age (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e). In the present study, no significant difference was found between age and knowledge levels (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). It can be thought that this lack of difference was due to the younger ages of the nurses participating in our study and their relatively new knowledge.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlthough the predominance of 228 female nurses (78%) in Bilal et al.'s study, \"Knowledge Level of Nurses in Diabetic Outpatients,\" had drawn attention, the data from our study had shown parallelism with the literature. When analyses related to the gender of the nurses were examined, no significant difference was found between male and female nurses in terms of diabetic foot knowledge levels (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). This result was similar to other studies in the literature (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbate et al. had found in their study on the knowledge level of nurses caring for diabetic feet that nurses with less than a bachelor's degree had had inadequate knowledge, whereas nurses with a bachelor's degree or higher had had adequate knowledge, which differed from our study. Although the ratio of the number of correct answers had been noteworthy with respect to educational status, no significant difference was found (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn a study conducted by Sukri et al., it was reported that there had been 29 (28.8%) nurses with \u0026le;\u0026thinsp;5 years of experience and 72 (71.2%) nurses with \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;5 years of experience; in this study, years of experience had been statistically significant. Vij et al. had found that the level of infection control and knowledge of nurses with more years of working experience had been significantly higher than those with less years of experience. The results of these studies were different from those of the present study.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLui et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e) had found that nurses with more years of work experience had performed better in pain management compared to those with fewer years of experience and had found a significant relationship with years of diabetic foot experience, which was different from our study.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the study conducted in Malaysia (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e), the sources of information for nurses about diabetic foot had been 'university' with a correct response rate of 41 nurses (40.5%) and 'less than 24 months' with a correct response rate of 51 nurses (50.1%) to the question of training time, which was different from our study. In our study, no significant difference was found between the subject of the training received in diabetic foot care and the level of knowledge (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, studies on the knowledge level of nurses caring for diabetic feet had reported 58.5% in Bahir Dar (Ethiopia) (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e), 57.80% in Sri Lanka (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e), 54.0% in Pakistan (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e), and 58.67% in Turkey (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e), indicating that nurses had had knowledge above average. Accordingly, it was determined that the knowledge level of our study group had shown similar results. This study finding was lower than similar studies conducted in Nigeria (64.0%) (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e), Tanta (83.34%) (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e), and Saudi Arabia (75.5%) (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e4.2. Attitudes of Nurses According to Demographic Characteristics\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eNurses have played an important role in the prevention and management of diabetic foot. Therefore, they could modify risk factors with regular follow-up and care and identify sensory loss by performing physical examinations with palpation and percussion in individuals with diabetic foot. Nurses with good knowledge and positive attitudes are more inclined to participate in ulcer care (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAtabe et al. had found that nurses younger than 30 years of age were almost twice as likely to have a positive attitude towards diabetic foot care compared to nurses who were equal to or older than 30 years of age, and that age had significantly affected nurses' attitudes towards diabetic foot care. Although younger nurses had shown a more positive attitude, in our study, it was found that nurses in the older age group had also shown positive attitudes. In a study conducted in Pakistan (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e), it was found that nurses younger than 40 years had exhibited more positive attitudes than those older than 40 years. This present study showed a significant difference in terms of age variable (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOur study is similar to the study of Beeckman et al., and it is thought that years of experience have had a positive effect on attitude. There are also studies in the literature that have not shown a significant difference (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the findings of our research, no statistically significant difference was found between the mean total scores of the scale according to the variables of receiving training on diabetic foot care, subject, place, time, and duration of the training. The study conducted in Pakistan (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e) had also shown similar findings to our study.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e4.3. Comparison of Nurses' Knowledge Level of Diabetic Foot Care and Attitudes Towards Diabetic Foot Care\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eWithin the scope of the study, nurses' level of knowledge about diabetic foot and their attitudes towards the prevention and/or management of diabetic foot formation have been evaluated. Accordingly, it has been observed that nurses have exhibited an average attitude towards individuals with diabetic foot ulcers. This finding is much lower than the results from Bahir Dar's study (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e), where 43.3% have been found to have positive attitudes, compared to 78.48% in Pakistan (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e) and 80.98% in Sri Lanka (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e). This difference may be due to nurses stating that infected wounds should be cleaned daily, and these nurses have acquired this attitude through their routine practice. Nurses' positive attitudes and care in addition to treatment make it easier for them to be open to education and conscious about re-ulceration in individuals with DM. A clinical study in Saudi Arabia (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e) has found unsatisfactory scores for nurses' attitudes and has reported that 10.7% of participants have believed that ulcer prevention is a time-consuming process. Another study has supported that nurses' workload, limited resources, and available time do not allow for diabetic foot care (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhile a statistically significant difference has been found between the mean scores of the total score of the Attitudes Towards Diabetic Foot Care scale according to the units and experiences of the nurses (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05), no statistically significant difference has been found between the mean scores of the scale according to the variables of gender, educational status, status of receiving training on diabetic foot care, subject, place, time, and duration of the training (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). In our study, it has been observed that there is a relationship between the mean attitudes of nurses and the number of correct 11\u0026ndash;20. In a study conducted on Belgian nurses (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e), it has been concluded that there is a significant relationship between knowledge and attitudes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"5. Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn this bicenter study, the knowledge and attitudes of nurses about diabetic foot care were investigated. It was concluded that the knowledge levels of nurses in both centers were at an intermediate level and their attitudes towards diabetic foot care were affected in relation to some sociodemographic variables. In this context, it is of great importance to increase the knowledge of nurses about diabetic foot and to update their knowledge by ensuring their participation in scientific activities such as various courses, seminars and symposiums. In addition, the knowledge of nurses should be supported in terms of protecting the patient and raising awareness with nursing interventions to prevent diabetic foot. It may be recommended that nurses with little working experience or nurses who are new to the profession should be made especially aware of diabetic foot care through orientation programs.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn addition to all these, studies to be conducted with different and larger sample groups can be aimed to determine the obstacles and opportunities of nurses in terms of acquiring knowledge and transforming their attitudes into positive, to create diabetic foot care units in institutions, and to develop various health policies to employ nurses specialized in this field. In this way, the cost of care will also decrease. In addition, the number of studies on this subject in the literature is quite insufficient. Therefore, it is thought that it will make important contributions to the literature and guide nurses.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionList\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eDM\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDiabetes Mellitus\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003ePAD\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePeripheral Arterial Disease\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eASDFC\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAttitude Scale for Diabetic Foot Care\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eSPSS\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStatistical Package for the Social Sciences.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003ch2\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e Ethical approval was granted by the Non-Interventional Ethics Committee of Izmir Katip Celebi University (Approval date: October 21, 2021 / No: 0420). Permission to use the Turkish version of the Attitude Scale for Diabetic Foot Care was obtained from Dr. Ozgursoy Uran. Institutional permissions were also obtained from hospitals. All participants were informed about the purpose and scope of the study, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFunding\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eA.B. conceived and designed the study, collected and analyzed the data, and drafted the main manuscript. B.N.O.U. supervised the study, contributed to the design, and critically reviewed the manuscript. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe authors thank all nurses who participated in the study for their valuable contributions.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData Availability\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTurkey Endocrinology and Metabolism Society (TEMD). 2020. \u003cem\u003eGuideline for the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of diabetes mellitus and its complications\u003c/em\u003e. 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Knowledge and attitudes of health professionals towards pressure ulcers at a rehabilitation hospital: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs. 2016;15:1\u0026ndash;6. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1186/s12912-016-0138-6\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1186/s12912-016-0138-6\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGuell C, Unwın N. Barriers to diabetic foot care in a developing country with a high incidence of diabetes related amputations: an exploratory qualitative interview study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2015;15:1\u0026ndash;7.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLui L, So W, Fong D. Knowledge and attitudes regarding pain management among nurses in Hong Kong medical units. J Clin Nurs. 2008;17(15):2014\u0026ndash;21.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-nursing","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"nurs","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Nursing](http://bmcnurs.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/nurs/default.aspx","title":"BMC Nursing","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Attitude, diabetes, diabetic foot, knowledge, nursing","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8004897/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8004897/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBackground\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDiabetic foot complications are among the most common and serious outcomes of diabetes, often leading to infection, amputation, and reduced quality of life. Nurses play a crucial role in diabetic foot prevention and management through early identification, education, and evidence-based care. This study aimed to evaluate nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward the management of diabetic foot care in diabetic patients.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMethods\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis quantitative descriptive study was conducted between November and June 2022 with a sample of 146 nurses from two hospitals in Izmir, Turkey. Data were collected using three tools: the \u003cem\u003eNurse Introduction Form\u003c/em\u003e, the \u003cem\u003eAttitude Scale Towards Diabetic Foot Care\u003c/em\u003e, and the \u003cem\u003eDiabetic Foot Knowledge Form\u003c/em\u003e. Scores on the Attitude Scale range from 8 to 40, with higher scores indicating more positive attitudes, while the Knowledge Form scores range from 0 to 30, with higher scores reflecting greater knowledge. Statistical analyses were performed to examine relationships between demographic variables, knowledge, and attitude scores.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eResults\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo statistically significant relationship was found between nurses\u0026rsquo; demographic characteristics and their Diabetic Foot Knowledge Form scores. However, a significant relationship was identified between nurses\u0026rsquo; total mean attitude scores and the variables of age and professional experience. Nurses with more years of experience and those working in Hospital Y exhibited higher attitude scores compared to their counterparts.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eConclusions\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAge, clinical experience, and institutional factors influence nurses' attitudes toward diabetic foot care. These results underscore the importance of targeted, evidence-based training programs to enhance nurses\u0026rsquo; knowledge and foster positive attitudes. Such initiatives can contribute to improving the quality and outcomes of diabetic foot care. It is recommended that in-service training be tailored to nurses\u0026rsquo; educational needs, recent evidence in wound care be continuously integrated, and organizational barriers such as time constraints and staffing shortages be addressed.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrial registration:\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNot applicable. This study did not involve a clinical intervention and therefore was not registered as a clinical trial.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitude Caring for Patients With Diabetic Foot","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-12-15 16:15:18","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8004897/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-02-24T14:29:06+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-20T20:10:31+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-20T11:36:50+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-18T21:09:06+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-15T14:42:00+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"8119216040295783760675972835366577942","date":"2025-12-15T06:04:20+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"35877581677942170836005625401099780769","date":"2025-12-14T21:16:25+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"110705444205821533433063191021693482606","date":"2025-12-13T05:52:37+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"18430322511898235774118087178878686997","date":"2025-12-10T10:41:32+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"88892593298023240602849052887558116589","date":"2025-12-10T08:33:20+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-12-09T18:49:58+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-12-01T22:05:07+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-11-05T13:00:54+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-11-05T12:06:27+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Nursing","date":"2025-11-05T11:03:50+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-nursing","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"nurs","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Nursing](http://bmcnurs.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/nurs/default.aspx","title":"BMC Nursing","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"09efcfb6-ecf5-475b-8b4d-82372e717cde","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 15th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-07T16:12:04+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-8004897","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-026-04596-x","journal":{"identity":"bmc-nursing","isVorOnly":false,"title":"BMC Nursing"},"publishedOn":"2026-04-01 15:57:49","publishedOnDateReadable":"April 1st, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-12-15 16:15:18","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s12912-026-04596-x","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-026-04596-x","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8004897","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8004897","identity":"rs-8004897","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}