Strategic Integration of Distributed Energy Resources in Smart Grids: A Conceptual Model Based on a Scoping Review

The worldwide drive for decarbonization, alongside digitalization and decentraliza-tion, has caused a complete overhaul of electricity distribution networks. Distribution network operators need to develop smart platforms that integrate distributed energy resources (DERs) into sustainable power systems to achieve operational excellence and system reliability. The research evaluates existing studies to understand current DER integration techniques, the methodological constraints they entail in smart grid systems, and innovative integration methods. The Web of Science database search used an advanced query to retrieve 4049 articles spanning 1993 to 2025, yielding 94 relevant publications for thematic evaluation. The study identifies six essential strategic elements that form the basis of a four-stage conceptual framework for network distribution transformation across technological, sustainability, economic, social, resilience, and integration. The research studies demonstrate both methodological variety and thematic development, yet they reveal inadequate regulatory systems, poor interconnections, and limited prosumer participation in rural areas. The article provides an operational strategic framework which helps decision-makers and grid operators develop effective energy policies to tackle current challenges.