The Interplay of Attentional Load and Correlated Color Temperature in Scene Perception: An EEG Study

The built environment profoundly influences human cognition and behavior, with light playing a crucial role in modulating attentional processes. This study investigates the interplay between attentional load and correlated color temperature (CCT) on neural activity using electroencephalography (EEG) during scene perception. Twenty participants were exposed to combinations of three different CCTs (2000K, 6000K, 10000K) within a virtual coffee shop environment, presented from four different angles. During the experiment, participants completed a visual detection task under both low and high attentional load conditions. EEG data were analyzed using frequency analysis to assess alpha-band (8–13 Hz) oscillations, a key neural marker of attentional engagement. Results revealed that high attentional load led to significant alpha suppression, particularly in the right hemisphere, indicating increased cognitive demand. While a trend of greater alpha-band modulation was observed as a function of lighting (from blue-enriched to warm lighting), this effect did not reach statistical significance. These findings highlight the potential role of lighting conditions in shaping attentional processes and suggest that thoughtful lighting design may contribute to creating environments that support cognitive engagement. Optimizing lighting environments in spaces designed for both focus and relaxation could enhance productivity and well-being by accommodating diverse cognitive demands.