Buccal Fat Pad- Stromal Vascular Fraction as a New Regenerative Source in Treatment of Maxillofacial Bone Defects: A Case Series Study

The study aimed to evaluate the biological properties of the buccal fat pad (BPF) derived tissue stromal vascular fractions (tSVF) using a mechanical device (Minceolip®), compared to BFP- cellular SVF (cSVF) in vitro. Also, the efficiency, safety, and feasibility of the BFP-tSVF were assessed in patients with various maxillofacial defects. Isolation of cSVF and-tSVF from BFP was performed through enzymatic and Mechanical devices. They were evaluated in terms of cell counting and viability, expression surface markers, kinetic growth, and tri-lineage differentiation. Ten patients with jaw bone defects received the BFP- tSVF along with an absorbable gelatin sponge in the clinical stage. Effectiveness and safety were measured by computed tomography. The BFP- tSVF showed high cell viability and cell surface markers, specifically CD45, CD31, and CD34. There was no difference in their kinetic growth and multi-lineage differentiation potential between enzymatic and mechanical approaches. Bone regeneration was significantly enhanced in the patients who received BFP- tSVF than control groups in both segmental (33.50%±4.95 vs. 5.00%±7.07, P-value: 0.042) and partial resection (89.33%±2.08 vs. 10.33%±10.02, P-value: 0.000). There were no intervention-related adverse events reported in the patients. These results confirmed that the BFP- tSVF is effective, safe, and feasible for maxillofacial bone defects patients. It will be necessary to evaluate of clinical efficiency of BFP- tSVF for improving bone regeneration in future studies.