SafeEntry Garage: A Motion-Activated Automatic Door System for Enhanced Security

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Meshelle N. Fabro, Kianne Mari R. Animas, Kenneth George L. Malejana, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8930411/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Automatic door systems are designed to reduce manual effort and improve accessibility, safety, and convenience in public and private spaces. This study presents the design and development of a Motion Activated Automatic Garage Door System using an Arduino microcontroller, sensors, and motor control to detect object presence and operate the garage door automatically. Related studies by Orji et al. ( 2019 ) and Gupta et al. ( 2020 ) demonstrate that ultrasonic and infrared sensors integrated with Arduino platforms provide reliable and low-cost solutions for door automation. A descriptive–experimental research design was employed to develop and evaluate the proposed system in a controlled environment using a toy as the triggering object. The system performance was assessed in terms of sensor detection accuracy, response time, and reliability of the door opening and closing mechanism. Results indicate that the Arduino-based system responds efficiently to object detection and performs consistent door automation. The study contributes to existing research on embedded systems by demonstrating a simple, affordable, and educational approach to motion-activated garage door automation. Computer Architecture and Engineering Software Engineering Automatic Garage Door System Arduino Ultrasonic Sensor Infrared Sensor Motion Detection Embedded Systems Automation Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 INTRODUCTION Automation has become an essential component of modern technology, particularly in improving efficiency, safety, and convenience in daily activities. One common application of automation is the automatic door system, which enables doors to open and close without physical contact. According to Orji et al. ( 2019 ), automated doors enhance accessibility for elderly individuals and persons with disabilities while reducing physical effort and direct contact. Advancements in microcontroller and sensor technologies have made automatic door systems more affordable and easier to implement. Gupta et al. ( 2020 ) noted that the Arduino Uno is widely utilized in automation projects due to its low cost, ease of programming, and flexibility. Sensors such as ultrasonic and infrared sensors are commonly employed to detect the presence of objects, while motors are used to control door movement. These components allow garage doors to operate automatically once motion is detected. Several studies have focused on improving the reliability and efficiency of motion-based door systems. Kiran ( 2018 ) emphasized that sensor-based automation minimizes unnecessary operation and energy loss by activating doors only when needed. These findings highlight the need for continued development of low-cost, reliable, and educational automatic garage door systems. REVIEW OF RELEVANT THEORY, STUDIES, AND LITERATURE Theoretical Framework This study is anchored on established theories related to automation, sensor-based detection, and embedded system control. These theories explain the operational behavior of the Motion Activated Automatic Garage Door System and support its design and evaluation. Systems Theory explains that a system is composed of interconnected components working together to achieve a common goal. In this study, the garage door system consists of sensors, an Arduino microcontroller, a motor driver, and a mechanical door mechanism. Proper automation is achieved only when all components function cohesively. This concept aligns with Orji et al. ( 2019 ), who emphasized the integration of sensors, controllers, and actuators in door automation systems. The Input–Process–Output (IPO) Model describes the functional flow of the system. The input stage involves object detection using ultrasonic or infrared sensors, as supported by Kiran ( 2018 ). The process stage includes the Arduino Uno interpreting sensor data and executing control logic, following the approach discussed by Gupta et al. ( 2020 ). The output stage is the automatic opening or closing of the garage door through motor actuation. This model ensures systematic and predictable system behavior. Embedded Systems Theory explains that microcontroller-based systems are designed to perform specific tasks continuously and in real time. In this research, the Arduino Uno functions as an embedded controller that continuously monitors sensor input and controls the garage door motor. Studies by Orji et al. ( 2019 ) demonstrated the suitability of Arduino-based embedded systems for real-time door automation. Control Systems Theory focuses on regulating system output based on input feedback. In the proposed system, sensor readings act as feedback that determines whether the garage door should open or remain closed. Threshold-based control logic ensures safe and reliable motor activation. Similar control mechanisms were discussed by Gupta et al. ( 2020 ) and Kiran ( 2018 ) in automated garage door applications. Framework Summary The Motion Activated Automatic Garage Door System is founded on Systems Theory, the IPO Model, Embedded Systems Theory, and Control Systems Theory. These theories collectively explain how the system detects motion, processes sensor data, and controls door movement in a safe and reliable manner. RELATED LITERATURE Research on Arduino-based door automation highlights the effectiveness of ultrasonic and infrared sensors in motion detection. Orji et al. ( 2019 ) demonstrated accurate object detection and reliable door control using ultrasonic sensors and servo motors. Gupta et al. ( 2020 ) emphasized the cost efficiency and practicality of Arduino-based garage door systems. Kiran ( 2018 ) discussed motion-activated garage door mechanisms and noted that automation reduces unnecessary operation and energy consumption. Additional studies on object detection using Arduino and ultrasonic sensors support the feasibility of low-cost automation systems for educational and prototype applications. METHODOLOGY This study employed a descriptive and experimental research design to develop and evaluate the Motion Activated Automatic Garage Door System. The system was constructed using an Arduino Uno microcontroller, ultrasonic sensor and a motor mechanism to simulate garage door movement. A toy was used as the triggering object to activate the system. Testing was conducted in a controlled environment by repeatedly passing the object within the sensor’s detection range. System performance was evaluated based on sensor detection accuracy, response time, and reliability of the door opening and closing mechanism. The development of the motion detection system followed a structured sequential approach, consisting of four phases: Requirement Analysis, System Design, Implementation, and Testing & Validation. During Requirement Analysis, the functional needs were identified, which included using an ultrasonic sensor to detect objects, a servo motor to perform a mechanical action, and an Arduino microcontroller to process signals and coordinate responses. In the System Design phase, the system flow and logic were planned, detailing how the ultrasonic sensor would measure distance and trigger the servo, followed by the creation of a block diagram to map out hardware connections and control sequences. Implementation involved writing and uploading the Arduino code to read sensor data and control the servo, followed by the physical integration of the ultrasonic sensor and servo motor with the microcontroller. Finally, Testing & Validation were performed to verify that motion detection was accurate, the servo responded appropriately to detected objects, and the overall system operated reliably under real-world conditions. The core operation of the system can be summarized in the following pseudo-code logic:Initialize servo and ultrasonic sensor, Loop continuously: Measure distance using ultrasonic sensor, If distance < threshold: Move servo to activated position, Else: Return servo to default position. This diagram represents the step-by-step execution of the Arduino program that controls the garage gate using an ultrasonic sensor and a servo motor. It starts with the setup phase, where essential hardware components are initialized: the Arduino serial communication is activated for debugging, the ultrasonic sensor pins are configured as input/output, and the servo motor is attached to its designated pin. Once setup is complete, the system continuously runs in a loop. It triggers the ultrasonic sensor to emit a pulse, waits for the echo, and measures the time it takes for the sound wave to bounce back from an object. This time is then converted into a distance in centimeters, representing how far an object is from the sensor. The diagram then shows a decision-making process: if an object is detected within 30 cm and the gate is currently closed, the servo rotates to 180° to open the gate; if no object is detected and the gate is open, the servo rotates back to 0° to close it. A short delay ensures the loop doesn’t overload the system. This diagram focuses on the core interaction between the ultrasonic sensor and the servo motor, which is the heart of the automated garage gate system. It begins with the ultrasonic sensor sending a pulse, which travels through the air and reflects off nearby objects. When the echo is received, the system calculates the distance to the object. The flowchart emphasizes the decision-making process: if the object is closer than the defined threshold (30 cm), the system checks whether the gate is already open. If not, it commands the servo to open the gate. Conversely, if the object is no longer within the threshold distance, the system checks if the gate is open and, if so, commands the servo to close it. This creates a responsive, real-time control loop where the gate reacts automatically to object detection. It shows the complete schematic wiring of the Motion-Activated Automatic Garage Door System, illustrating how each electronic component is connected to the Arduino Uno to achieve automatic opening and closing of the garage door. The ultrasonic sensor is interfaced with the Arduino through its trigger and echo pins, allowing the system to detect the presence and distance of a vehicle or person approaching the garage. The Arduino processes this distance information and determines when motion is within the programmed range. A servo motor is connected to a PWM-enabled digital pin and serves as the actuator that physically opens and closes the garage door by rotating to specific angles. All components share common power and ground connections to ensure reliable operation. This schematic demonstrates how the microcontroller, sensor, and motor work together as an integrated system that enables hands-free, motion-activated control of the garage door. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Testing Procedures The system was tested through practical observation. Objects such as a hand and a toy car were placed in front of the ultrasonic sensor to determine whether the sensor could detect their presence and trigger the servo motor. The primary goal of the testing was to verify if the system could detect nearby objects and automatically open the door mechanism. When an object was detected, the servo motor rotated to simulate door opening. Once the object was removed, the servo returned to its original position. The testing focused on system functionality and response rather than numerical distance accuracy. Observations, Analysis & Interpretation The system successfully detected nearby objects such as a hand and a toy car and activated the servo motor to open the door mechanism. In most trials, the servo motor rotated smoothly to the programmed angle, demonstrating proper coordination between the ultrasonic sensor and the servo. However, occasional glitches were observed where the servo motor rotated faster and to a shorter angle than expected. This behavior is likely due to unstable power supply, minor fluctuations in ultrasonic readings, or electrical noise affecting the servo control signal. Despite these intermittent issues, the overall system performance was reliable and achieved its intended function. Problems Encountered & Solutions During the development and testing of the system, several issues were encountered that affected its performance. One major problem was loose wiring, which caused unstable behavior such as inconsistent detection and erratic servo movement. This was resolved by securing all connections properly and ensuring common grounding between components, which significantly improved overall system stability. Another challenge was “ghost rotation” and servo glitching, where the servo motor sometimes moved unexpectedly, rotated faster than intended, or failed to reach the full angle even when the object position remained unchanged. This issue was mitigated by stabilizing the wiring, confirming proper grounding, and implementing logic conditions in the code to prevent repeated servo commands. After these adjustments, the occurrence of servo glitches was greatly reduced and did not noticeably affect system performance. Requirements The functional requirements of the Motion Activated Automatic Garage Door System focus on its automated control and response to object detection. The system continuously monitors its surroundings using an ultrasonic sensor to detect nearby objects in real time. When an object is detected within the predefined threshold distance of 30 cm, the system automatically activates the servo motor to open the garage door. If no object is detected within this range, the system commands the servo motor to return to its default position, effectively closing the door. To ensure proper operation, logic conditions are implemented to prevent repeated or unnecessary servo commands, reducing the occurrence of erratic movements. All sensing, decision-making, and control processes are managed by the Arduino Uno, ensuring coordinated interaction between the ultrasonic sensor and the servo motor. The non-functional requirements define the system’s performance, reliability, and stability. The system is designed to provide real-time responsiveness, allowing the garage door to react immediately to changes in object presence. Reliability is emphasized through stable wiring connections, proper grounding, and sufficient power supply to minimize servo glitches and unintended movements. The servo motor is expected to operate smoothly and consistently, reaching the programmed angles without delay or overshoot. Measurement reliability is maintained by ensuring consistent ultrasonic sensor readings within the operating range. Overall, the system prioritizes safe, stable, and efficient operation, making it suitable for low-cost automation and educational embedded system applications. Table 1 Variables and Conditions of the Motion Activated Automatic Garage Door System Variable / Component Type (Input / Output) Parameter Measured / Controlled Condition or Range System Response / Action Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04) Input Distance to object 0–30 cm / > 30 cm Detects object presence and sends distance data to the controller Servo Motor Output Angular position 0° (Closed) / 180° (Open) Opens the garage door when an object is detected and closes it when no object is present Arduino Uno Controller Control logic and signal generation Continuous operation Processes sensor input and controls servo movement based on programmed conditions 9V Power Supply Input Operating voltage 9V DC Provides electrical power to the Arduino and connected components Table 2 Variables and Conditions of the Motion Activated Automatic Garage Door System Test # Input Condition Observed Output Expected Output Pass/ Fail Remarks / Behavior Explanation 1 No object within sensor range (> 30 cm) Servo remains at 0° Door remains closed Pass Normal idle state; system correctly detects no motion 2 Hand placed within 30 cm Servo rotates to 180° Door opens automatically Pass Proper object detection and servo response 3 Hand removed from sensor range Servo returns to 0° Door closes automatically Pass Correct closing behavior after object removal 4 Toy car placed within 30 cm Servo opens door Door opens smoothly Pass System accurately detects solid object 5 Continuous object presence within 30 cm Servo holds open position Door remains open Pass Logic prevents repeated servo commands 6 Object rapidly moved in and out of range Servo opens and closes quickly Controlled open/close motion Pass System responds in real time without freezing 7 Loose wiring on servo signal line Servo moves erratically Stable servo movement Fail Loose wiring caused unstable signals and inconsistent servo motion 8 Stable wiring but fluctuating power Servo rotates faster, stops early Full 180° rotation Fail Servo glitching due to power instability and voltage drop 9 Object stationary but repeated loop execution Servo slightly twitches Servo should remain still Fail Ghost rotation caused by repeated control signals in loop 10 Wiring secured and logic condition added Servo moves smoothly Stable and accurate movement Pass Loose wiring and ghost rotation minimized through grounding and logic fixes The results confirm that the Motion Activated Automatic Garage Door System effectively performs automated opening and closing by prioritizing sensor-based decision logic over manual control. The consistent activation of the servo motor only when an object is detected within the 30 cm threshold demonstrates proper implementation of the programmed conditions. The system’s real-time response to object presence and removal aligns with basic Control Systems Theory, where continuous sensing and feedback enable stable and responsive operation. Although issues such as loose wiring, ghost rotation, and servo glitching were observed during initial testing, these did not undermine the core functionality of the system and were largely resolved through improved wiring, proper grounding, and refined logic conditions executed by the Arduino Uno. These results are consistent with related studies on ultrasonic sensor–based automation and microcontroller-controlled actuators. Furthermore, the simplicity of the hardware setup and program logic makes the system well-suited for educational applications, allowing students to understand sensor integration, feedback control, and embedded system behavior while still demonstrating practical automation suitable for small-scale residential use. CONCLUSION This study successfully designed and developed a Motion Activated Automatic Garage Door System using an Arduino Uno, an ultrasonic sensor, and a servo motor. The system can detect nearby objects and automatically open and close the garage door without manual operation. Based on the testing results in a controlled environment, the system showed reliable performance in detecting motion and moving the door correctly. The proper coordination between the sensor, the Arduino microcontroller, and the servo motor shows that Arduino-based systems are effective for simple automation projects. During testing, small problems such as servo glitches and unstable movement were observed. These issues were caused by loose wiring, power instability, and repeated control signals. The problems were reduced by fixing the wiring, ensuring proper grounding, and improving the program logic. Overall, the project met its objectives and proved that a low-cost motion-activated garage door system can be built successfully. This study is also useful for students because it helps them understand sensor integration, basic control systems, and embedded system design through hands-on learning. RECOMMENDATIONS For future improvements, researchers may consider using a more stable and dedicated power supply for the servo motor to minimize glitches and unintended movements. The system’s detection accuracy and reliability can be further enhanced by integrating additional sensors, such as infrared or PIR sensors, alongside the existing ultrasonic sensor. Testing the system under real-world conditions using an actual garage door mechanism, rather than a simulated or scaled model, would provide a better evaluation of performance and durability. Safety features, including obstacle detection during door closing and emergency stop mechanisms, may also be incorporated to prevent accidents and equipment damage. Moreover, implementing wireless control or monitoring capabilities, such as mobile application integration or IoT connectivity, could improve user convenience and system functionality. Finally, further studies may focus on optimizing the control algorithm to reduce response time and ensure smoother servo movement. Declarations ABOUT THE AUTHORS Kianne Mari R. Animas is a student at the Eulogio "Amang" Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology (EARIST) in Manila, now pursuing a Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering. As part of my academic study, I'm taking Fundamentals of Mixed Signals and Sensors, which teaches the fundamentals of analog and digital signal integration, sensor technologies, and their applications in current electronic and embedded systems. Kenneth George L. Malejana is a Computer Engineering student at the Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology (EARIST), skilled in embedded systems and digital logic design. He is passionate about creating practical, innovative technology solutions and applying analytical problem-solving to real-world challenges as he prepares for a professional career in Computer Engineering. Maurice Robie O. Merin is pursuing a Bachelor’s in Computer Engineering at the Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology (EARIST), developing skills in computer systems, electronics, and programming, with interests in embedded systems, hardware–software integration, and emerging computing technologies. Klarenze Naive J. Nervez is a Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering student at the Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology (EARIST). He is gaining core theoretical knowledge and hands-on experience in computer hardware, electronic systems, and programming. His academic focus includes embedded technologies, integration of hardware and software components, and innovative developments in the computing field, as he prepares for a professional career in computer engineering. Engr. Meshelle N. Fabro is a Professional Computer Engineer with extensive academic and industry experience. She has worked with leading technology companies such as Hewlett-Packard (HP) and IBM, where she specialized in systems and enterprise solutions. She currently serves as a Part-time Instructor in the Computer Engineering Department of the Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology (EARIST), where she is actively involved in training and mentoring future engineers. Her professional interests include computer systems, VLSI design, artificial intelligence, and emerging technologies in computing. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The researchers would like to express their sincere appreciation to Prof. Engr. Meshelle N. Fabro, who was assigned to oversee this project. Her role in setting the project requirements and ensuring its proper completion contributed to the successful conduct of this study. The researchers also extend their gratitude to the Computer Engineering Department of Eulogio "Amang" Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology (EARIST) for providing the academic support, technical instruction, and resources necessary for the completion of this project. Heartfelt thanks are extended to the researchers’ families, relatives, classmates, and peers for their encouragement and support throughout the research process. The researchers also acknowledge the individuals who, in various ways, contributed to the refinement and improvement of this study. Above all, the researchers give thanks to God Almighty for the strength and perseverance granted to complete this work. Kenneth George L. Malejana is a Computer Engineering student at the Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology (EARIST), skilled in embedded systems and digital logic design. He is passionate about creating practical, innovative technology solutions and applying analytical problem-solving to real-world challenges as he prepares for a professional career in Computer Engineering. Maurice Robie O. Merin is pursuing a Bachelor’s in Computer Engineering at the Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology (EARIST), developing skills in computer systems, electronics, and programming, with interests in embedded systems, hardware–software integration, and emerging computing technologies. Klarenze Naive J. Nervez is a Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering student at the Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology (EARIST). He is gaining core theoretical knowledge and hands-on experience in computer hardware, electronic systems, and programming. His academic focus includes embedded technologies, integration of hardware and software components, and innovative developments in the computing field, as he prepares for a professional career in computer engineering. References Faroqi A, Fitriadi A, Adiningsih NU, Ramdhani MA (2018) Automatic door control system using SMS gateway based on Arduino Uno and ultrasonic sensor. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 7 (3.4), 122–126. Science Publishing Corporation Gupta A, Sharma R, Verma S, Singh P (2020) Design analysis of automatic garage door opener. Int J Trend Sci Res Dev https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31118.pdf Imania SN, Ghofur A, Lazim F (2024) Arduino based automatic door opening and closing prototype design using ultrasonic sensors. G-Tech: Jurnal Teknologi Terapan 8(3):1386–1395. https://ejournal.uniramalang.ac.id Kiran B (2018) Motion based automatic garage door opener. Int J Eng Technol Appl Sci, 5 (2). https://www.ijetajournal.org/volume-5/issue-2/IJETA-V5I2P50.pdf Kumar S, Patel D (n.d.). Automatic sliding door system using sensor technology. FTST J, 21. https://www.ftstjournal.com/Digital%20Library/article54vol21.php Object detection Arduino ultrasonic project report (n.d.). Scribd. https://www.scribd.com/document/882516771/Object-Detection-Arduino-Ultrasonic-Project-Report Orji RO, Oleka CV, Nduanya UC (2018) Arduino based door automation system using ultrasonic sensor and servo motor. Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 5 (4), 341–349. https://jsaer.com/download/vol-5-iss-4-2018/JSAER2018-05-04-341-349.pdf Orji RO, Oleka CV, Nduanya UC (2019) Arduino based door automation system using ultrasonic sensor and servo motor. J Sci Eng Res https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336253681_Arduino_Based_Door_Automation_System_Using_Ultrasonic_Sensor_and_Servo_Motor Patel R, Mehta K, Shah N (n.d.). Automatic door control system with security enhancement. Mod Res J, 7 (3). https://publisher.resbee.org/mr/archive/v7i3/a1/p1.pdf Sahu [Initials] et al (2024) Automatic door control systems with Arduino microcontrollers. IJSART, V10I3. https://ijsart.com Sharma V, Patel A, Mehta R (2024) Object tracking system using Arduino and ultrasonic sensor. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/397878495_Object_Tracking_System_Using_Arduino_and_Ultrasonic_Sensor Singh R, Kumar P, Verma A (n.d.). Distance measurement and object detection system based on ultrasonic sensor and Arduino. https://scispace.com/pdf/distance-measurement-and-object-detection-system-based-on-29nkh5nsae.pdf Siregar V (2021) Design of automatic door prototype with intelligent control method using sensor GY-906 temperature based on Arduino Uno. J Sci Technol (JoSTec) 3(1):92–96. https://ejournal.ipinternasional.com Susilo S, Listijorini E, Ardiansyah F, Ula SU (2023) Design of automatic sliding door based on Arduino using ultrasonic sensors. DINAMIS 11(1):43–47 Talenta Suryawanshi R, Thosar A, Singh A, Mehendale N (2024) Object detection system using Arduino and ultrasonic sensor. SSRN https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=5009923 ABOUT THE AUTHORS Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. 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5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":13306,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWaterfall Model\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8930411/v1/562dc5ed9b458f2bfdb2d6d8.png"},{"id":103505881,"identity":"491e329e-8803-480e-b405-09d88e7a4758","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-26 13:33:21","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":59064,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFlow Chart\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8930411/v1/186a98423d2343f27bb4b722.png"},{"id":103283798,"identity":"a87f1da3-c796-46ee-8c22-dacc8db4358c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-24 04:03:06","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":79486,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSystem Logic Flow Chart\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8930411/v1/426b1b5e212e75d9a21c69d8.png"},{"id":103283799,"identity":"25d7d1ba-b873-4794-b1f6-f53be736c052","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-24 04:03:06","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":72535,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTinkercad Circuit\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8930411/v1/e373d846cb244baed45f2b38.png"},{"id":103283794,"identity":"c520d299-0cce-442d-a7b8-1730dd6ebbab","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-24 04:03:05","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"Figure 9","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":18692,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSchematic Diagram\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8930411/v1/a9b4e706581c3fb88a2cc4bf.png"},{"id":103509901,"identity":"8e3e0999-6dab-471a-b5c0-00712801b979","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-26 14:01:59","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2603390,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8930411/v1/0e3608f7-c60a-480f-a737-a0b06781a8ee.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eSafeEntry Garage: A Motion-Activated Automatic Door System for Enhanced Security\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"INTRODUCTION","content":"\u003cp\u003eAutomation has become an essential component of modern technology, particularly in improving efficiency, safety, and convenience in daily activities. One common application of automation is the automatic door system, which enables doors to open and close without physical contact. According to Orji et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e), automated doors enhance accessibility for elderly individuals and persons with disabilities while reducing physical effort and direct contact.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdvancements in microcontroller and sensor technologies have made automatic door systems more affordable and easier to implement. Gupta et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e) noted that the Arduino Uno is widely utilized in automation projects due to its low cost, ease of programming, and flexibility. Sensors such as ultrasonic and infrared sensors are commonly employed to detect the presence of objects, while motors are used to control door movement. These components allow garage doors to operate automatically once motion is detected.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeveral studies have focused on improving the reliability and efficiency of motion-based door systems. Kiran (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e) emphasized that sensor-based automation minimizes unnecessary operation and energy loss by activating doors only when needed. These findings highlight the need for continued development of low-cost, reliable, and educational automatic garage door systems.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"REVIEW OF RELEVANT THEORY, STUDIES, AND LITERATURE","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eTheoretical Framework\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study is anchored on established theories related to automation, sensor-based detection, and embedded system control. These theories explain the operational behavior of the Motion Activated Automatic Garage Door System and support its design and evaluation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSystems Theory explains that a system is composed of interconnected components working together to achieve a common goal. In this study, the garage door system consists of sensors, an Arduino microcontroller, a motor driver, and a mechanical door mechanism. Proper automation is achieved only when all components function cohesively. This concept aligns with Orji et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e), who emphasized the integration of sensors, controllers, and actuators in door automation systems.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Input\u0026ndash;Process\u0026ndash;Output (IPO) Model describes the functional flow of the system. The input stage involves object detection using ultrasonic or infrared sensors, as supported by Kiran (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). The process stage includes the Arduino Uno interpreting sensor data and executing control logic, following the approach discussed by Gupta et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). The output stage is the automatic opening or closing of the garage door through motor actuation. This model ensures systematic and predictable system behavior.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmbedded Systems Theory explains that microcontroller-based systems are designed to perform specific tasks continuously and in real time. In this research, the Arduino Uno functions as an embedded controller that continuously monitors sensor input and controls the garage door motor. Studies by Orji et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e) demonstrated the suitability of Arduino-based embedded systems for real-time door automation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl Systems Theory focuses on regulating system output based on input feedback. In the proposed system, sensor readings act as feedback that determines whether the garage door should open or remain closed. Threshold-based control logic ensures safe and reliable motor activation. Similar control mechanisms were discussed by Gupta et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e) and Kiran (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e) in automated garage door applications.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFramework Summary\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Motion Activated Automatic Garage Door System is founded on Systems Theory, the IPO Model, Embedded Systems Theory, and Control Systems Theory. These theories collectively explain how the system detects motion, processes sensor data, and controls door movement in a safe and reliable manner.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"RELATED LITERATURE","content":"\u003cp\u003eResearch on Arduino-based door automation highlights the effectiveness of ultrasonic and infrared sensors in motion detection. Orji et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e) demonstrated accurate object detection and reliable door control using ultrasonic sensors and servo motors. Gupta et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e) emphasized the cost efficiency and practicality of Arduino-based garage door systems.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKiran (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e) discussed motion-activated garage door mechanisms and noted that automation reduces unnecessary operation and energy consumption. Additional studies on object detection using Arduino and ultrasonic sensors support the feasibility of low-cost automation systems for educational and prototype applications.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"METHODOLOGY","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study employed a descriptive and experimental research design to develop and evaluate the Motion Activated Automatic Garage Door System. The system was constructed using an Arduino Uno microcontroller, ultrasonic sensor and a motor mechanism to simulate garage door movement. A toy was used as the triggering object to activate the system.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTesting was conducted in a controlled environment by repeatedly passing the object within the sensor\u0026rsquo;s detection range. System performance was evaluated based on sensor detection accuracy, response time, and reliability of the door opening and closing mechanism.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe development of the motion detection system followed a structured sequential approach, consisting of four phases: Requirement Analysis, System Design, Implementation, and Testing \u0026amp; Validation. During Requirement Analysis, the functional needs were identified, which included using an ultrasonic sensor to detect objects, a servo motor to perform a mechanical action, and an Arduino microcontroller to process signals and coordinate responses. In the System Design phase, the system flow and logic were planned, detailing how the ultrasonic sensor would measure distance and trigger the servo, followed by the creation of a block diagram to map out hardware connections and control sequences. Implementation involved writing and uploading the Arduino code to read sensor data and control the servo, followed by the physical integration of the ultrasonic sensor and servo motor with the microcontroller. Finally, Testing \u0026amp; Validation were performed to verify that motion detection was accurate, the servo responded appropriately to detected objects, and the overall system operated reliably under real-world conditions. The core operation of the system can be summarized in the following pseudo-code logic:Initialize servo and ultrasonic sensor, Loop continuously: Measure distance using ultrasonic sensor, If distance\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;threshold: Move servo to activated position, Else: Return servo to default position.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis diagram represents the step-by-step execution of the Arduino program that controls the garage gate using an ultrasonic sensor and a servo motor. It starts with the setup phase, where essential hardware components are initialized: the Arduino serial communication is activated for debugging, the ultrasonic sensor pins are configured as input/output, and the servo motor is attached to its designated pin.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOnce setup is complete, the system continuously runs in a loop. It triggers the ultrasonic sensor to emit a pulse, waits for the echo, and measures the time it takes for the sound wave to bounce back from an object. This time is then converted into a distance in centimeters, representing how far an object is from the sensor.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe diagram then shows a decision-making process: if an object is detected within 30 cm and the gate is currently closed, the servo rotates to 180\u0026deg; to open the gate; if no object is detected and the gate is open, the servo rotates back to 0\u0026deg; to close it. A short delay ensures the loop doesn\u0026rsquo;t overload the system.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis diagram focuses on the core interaction between the ultrasonic sensor and the servo motor, which is the heart of the automated garage gate system. It begins with the ultrasonic sensor sending a pulse, which travels through the air and reflects off nearby objects. When the echo is received, the system calculates the distance to the object.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe flowchart emphasizes the decision-making process: if the object is closer than the defined threshold (30 cm), the system checks whether the gate is already open. If not, it commands the servo to open the gate. Conversely, if the object is no longer within the threshold distance, the system checks if the gate is open and, if so, commands the servo to close it. This creates a responsive, real-time control loop where the gate reacts automatically to object detection.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt shows the complete schematic wiring of the Motion-Activated Automatic Garage Door System, illustrating how each electronic component is connected to the Arduino Uno to achieve automatic opening and closing of the garage door. The ultrasonic sensor is interfaced with the Arduino through its trigger and echo pins, allowing the system to detect the presence and distance of a vehicle or person approaching the garage. The Arduino processes this distance information and determines when motion is within the programmed range. A servo motor is connected to a PWM-enabled digital pin and serves as the actuator that physically opens and closes the garage door by rotating to specific angles. All components share common power and ground connections to ensure reliable operation. This schematic demonstrates how the microcontroller, sensor, and motor work together as an integrated system that enables hands-free, motion-activated control of the garage door.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"RESULTS \u0026 DISCUSSION","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eTesting Procedures\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe system was tested through practical observation. Objects such as a hand and a toy car were placed in front of the ultrasonic sensor to determine whether the sensor could detect their presence and trigger the servo motor. The primary goal of the testing was to verify if the system could detect nearby objects and automatically open the door mechanism.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen an object was detected, the servo motor rotated to simulate door opening. Once the object was removed, the servo returned to its original position. The testing focused on system functionality and response rather than numerical distance accuracy.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eObservations, Analysis \u0026 Interpretation\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe system successfully detected nearby objects such as a hand and a toy car and activated the servo motor to open the door mechanism. In most trials, the servo motor rotated smoothly to the programmed angle, demonstrating proper coordination between the ultrasonic sensor and the servo.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHowever, occasional glitches were observed where the servo motor rotated faster and to a shorter angle than expected. This behavior is likely due to unstable power supply, minor fluctuations in ultrasonic readings, or electrical noise affecting the servo control signal. Despite these intermittent issues, the overall system performance was reliable and achieved its intended function.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eProblems Encountered \u0026 Solutions\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuring the development and testing of the system, several issues were encountered that affected its performance. One major problem was loose wiring, which caused unstable behavior such as inconsistent detection and erratic servo movement. This was resolved by securing all connections properly and ensuring common grounding between components, which significantly improved overall system stability. Another challenge was \u0026ldquo;ghost rotation\u0026rdquo; and servo glitching, where the servo motor sometimes moved unexpectedly, rotated faster than intended, or failed to reach the full angle even when the object position remained unchanged. This issue was mitigated by stabilizing the wiring, confirming proper grounding, and implementing logic conditions in the code to prevent repeated servo commands. After these adjustments, the occurrence of servo glitches was greatly reduced and did not noticeably affect system performance.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eRequirements\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe functional requirements of the Motion Activated Automatic Garage Door System focus on its automated control and response to object detection. The system continuously monitors its surroundings using an ultrasonic sensor to detect nearby objects in real time. When an object is detected within the predefined threshold distance of 30 cm, the system automatically activates the servo motor to open the garage door. If no object is detected within this range, the system commands the servo motor to return to its default position, effectively closing the door. To ensure proper operation, logic conditions are implemented to prevent repeated or unnecessary servo commands, reducing the occurrence of erratic movements. All sensing, decision-making, and control processes are managed by the Arduino Uno, ensuring coordinated interaction between the ultrasonic sensor and the servo motor.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe non-functional requirements define the system\u0026rsquo;s performance, reliability, and stability. The system is designed to provide real-time responsiveness, allowing the garage door to react immediately to changes in object presence. Reliability is emphasized through stable wiring connections, proper grounding, and sufficient power supply to minimize servo glitches and unintended movements. The servo motor is expected to operate smoothly and consistently, reaching the programmed angles without delay or overshoot. Measurement reliability is maintained by ensuring consistent ultrasonic sensor readings within the operating range. Overall, the system prioritizes safe, stable, and efficient operation, making it suitable for low-cost automation and educational embedded system applications.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables and Conditions of the Motion Activated Automatic Garage Door System\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable / Component\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eType (Input / Output)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eParameter Measured / Controlled\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCondition or Range\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSystem Response / Action\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUltrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInput\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistance to object\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026ndash;30 cm / \u0026gt; 30 cm\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDetects object presence and sends distance data to the controller\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eServo Motor\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOutput\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAngular position\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026deg; (Closed) / 180\u0026deg; (Open)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOpens the garage door when an object is detected and closes it when no object is present\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eArduino Uno\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eController\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl logic and signal generation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eContinuous operation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProcesses sensor input and controls servo movement based on programmed conditions\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9V Power Supply\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInput\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOperating voltage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9V DC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProvides electrical power to the Arduino and connected components\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables and Conditions of the Motion Activated Automatic Garage Door System\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTest #\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInput Condition\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eObserved Output\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExpected Output\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePass/ Fail\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRemarks / Behavior Explanation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo object within sensor range (\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;30 cm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eServo remains at 0\u0026deg;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDoor remains closed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePass\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNormal idle state; system correctly detects no motion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHand placed within 30 cm\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eServo rotates to 180\u0026deg;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDoor opens automatically\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePass\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProper object detection and servo response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHand removed from sensor range\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eServo returns to 0\u0026deg;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDoor closes automatically\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePass\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrect closing behavior after object removal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eToy car placed within 30 cm\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eServo opens door\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDoor opens smoothly\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePass\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSystem accurately detects solid object\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eContinuous object presence within 30 cm\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eServo holds open position\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDoor remains open\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePass\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLogic prevents repeated servo commands\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eObject rapidly moved in and out of range\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eServo opens and closes quickly\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControlled open/close motion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePass\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSystem responds in real time without freezing\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLoose wiring on servo signal line\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eServo moves erratically\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStable servo movement\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFail\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLoose wiring caused unstable signals and inconsistent servo motion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStable wiring but fluctuating power\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eServo rotates faster, stops early\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFull 180\u0026deg; rotation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFail\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eServo glitching due to power instability and voltage drop\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eObject stationary but repeated loop execution\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eServo slightly twitches\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eServo should remain still\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFail\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGhost rotation caused by repeated control signals in loop\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWiring secured and logic condition added\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eServo moves smoothly\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStable and accurate movement\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePass\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLoose wiring and ghost rotation minimized through grounding and logic fixes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe results confirm that the Motion Activated Automatic Garage Door System effectively performs automated opening and closing by prioritizing sensor-based decision logic over manual control. The consistent activation of the servo motor only when an object is detected within the 30 cm threshold demonstrates proper implementation of the programmed conditions. The system\u0026rsquo;s real-time response to object presence and removal aligns with basic Control Systems Theory, where continuous sensing and feedback enable stable and responsive operation. Although issues such as loose wiring, ghost rotation, and servo glitching were observed during initial testing, these did not undermine the core functionality of the system and were largely resolved through improved wiring, proper grounding, and refined logic conditions executed by the Arduino Uno. These results are consistent with related studies on ultrasonic sensor\u0026ndash;based automation and microcontroller-controlled actuators. Furthermore, the simplicity of the hardware setup and program logic makes the system well-suited for educational applications, allowing students to understand sensor integration, feedback control, and embedded system behavior while still demonstrating practical automation suitable for small-scale residential use.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"CONCLUSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study successfully designed and developed a Motion Activated Automatic Garage Door System using an Arduino Uno, an ultrasonic sensor, and a servo motor. The system can detect nearby objects and automatically open and close the garage door without manual operation. Based on the testing results in a controlled environment, the system showed reliable performance in detecting motion and moving the door correctly. The proper coordination between the sensor, the Arduino microcontroller, and the servo motor shows that Arduino-based systems are effective for simple automation projects.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuring testing, small problems such as servo glitches and unstable movement were observed. These issues were caused by loose wiring, power instability, and repeated control signals. The problems were reduced by fixing the wiring, ensuring proper grounding, and improving the program logic. Overall, the project met its objectives and proved that a low-cost motion-activated garage door system can be built successfully. This study is also useful for students because it helps them understand sensor integration, basic control systems, and embedded system design through hands-on learning.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eRECOMMENDATIONS\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor future improvements, researchers may consider using a more stable and dedicated power supply for the servo motor to minimize glitches and unintended movements. The system\u0026rsquo;s detection accuracy and reliability can be further enhanced by integrating additional sensors, such as infrared or PIR sensors, alongside the existing ultrasonic sensor. Testing the system under real-world conditions using an actual garage door mechanism, rather than a simulated or scaled model, would provide a better evaluation of performance and durability. Safety features, including obstacle detection during door closing and emergency stop mechanisms, may also be incorporated to prevent accidents and equipment damage. Moreover, implementing wireless control or monitoring capabilities, such as mobile application integration or IoT connectivity, could improve user convenience and system functionality. Finally, further studies may focus on optimizing the control algorithm to reduce response time and ensure smoother servo movement.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eABOUT THE AUTHORS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKianne Mari R. Animas is a student at the Eulogio \"Amang\" Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology (EARIST) in Manila, now pursuing a Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering. As part of my academic study, I'm taking Fundamentals of Mixed Signals and Sensors, which teaches the fundamentals of analog and digital signal integration, sensor technologies, and their applications in current electronic and embedded systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKenneth George L. Malejana is a Computer Engineering student at the Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology (EARIST), skilled in embedded systems and digital logic design. He is passionate about creating practical, innovative technology solutions and applying analytical problem-solving to real-world challenges as he prepares for a professional career in Computer Engineering.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaurice Robie O. Merin is pursuing a Bachelor’s in Computer Engineering at the Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology (EARIST), developing skills in computer systems, electronics, and programming, with interests in embedded systems, hardware–software integration, and emerging computing technologies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKlarenze Naive J. Nervez is a Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering student at the Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology (EARIST). He is gaining core theoretical knowledge and hands-on experience in computer hardware, electronic systems, and programming. His academic focus includes embedded technologies, integration of hardware and software components, and innovative developments in the computing field, as he prepares for a professional career in computer engineering.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEngr. Meshelle N. Fabro is a Professional Computer Engineer with extensive academic and industry experience. She has worked with leading technology companies such as Hewlett-Packard (HP) and IBM, where she specialized in systems and enterprise solutions. She currently serves as a Part-time Instructor in the Computer Engineering Department of the Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology (EARIST), where she is actively involved in training and mentoring future engineers. Her professional interests include computer systems, VLSI design, artificial intelligence, and emerging technologies in computing.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eACKNOWLEDGEMENT\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers would like to express their sincere appreciation to Prof. Engr. Meshelle N. Fabro, who was assigned to oversee this project. Her role in setting the project requirements and ensuring its proper completion contributed to the successful conduct of this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers also extend their gratitude to the Computer Engineering Department of Eulogio \"Amang\" Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology (EARIST) for providing the academic support, technical instruction, and resources necessary for the completion of this project.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHeartfelt thanks are extended to the researchers\u0026rsquo; families, relatives, classmates, and peers for their encouragement and support throughout the research process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers also acknowledge the individuals who, in various ways, contributed to the refinement and improvement of this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbove all, the researchers give thanks to God Almighty for the strength and perseverance granted to complete this work.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKenneth George L. Malejana is a Computer Engineering student at the Eulogio \u0026ldquo;Amang\u0026rdquo; Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology (EARIST), skilled in embedded systems and digital logic design. He is passionate about creating practical, innovative technology solutions and applying analytical problem-solving to real-world challenges as he prepares for a professional career in Computer Engineering.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaurice Robie O. Merin is pursuing a Bachelor\u0026rsquo;s in Computer Engineering at the Eulogio \u0026ldquo;Amang\u0026rdquo; Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology (EARIST), developing skills in computer systems, electronics, and programming, with interests in embedded systems, hardware\u0026ndash;software integration, and emerging computing technologies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKlarenze Naive J. Nervez is a Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering student at the Eulogio \u0026ldquo;Amang\u0026rdquo; Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology (EARIST). He is gaining core theoretical knowledge and hands-on experience in computer hardware, electronic systems, and programming. His academic focus includes embedded technologies, integration of hardware and software components, and innovative developments in the computing field, as he prepares for a professional career in computer engineering.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFaroqi A, Fitriadi A, Adiningsih NU, Ramdhani MA (2018) Automatic door control system using SMS gateway based on Arduino Uno and ultrasonic sensor. \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Engineering and Technology, 7\u003c/em\u003e(3.4), 122\u0026ndash;126. 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J Sci Technol (JoSTec) 3(1):92\u0026ndash;96. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://ejournal.ipinternasional.com\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://ejournal.ipinternasional.com\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSusilo S, Listijorini E, Ardiansyah F, Ula SU (2023) Design of automatic sliding door based on Arduino using ultrasonic sensors. DINAMIS 11(1):43\u0026ndash;47 Talenta\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSuryawanshi R, Thosar A, Singh A, Mehendale N (2024) Object detection system using Arduino and ultrasonic sensor. SSRN \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=5009923\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=5009923\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eABOUT THE AUTHORS\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Eulogio Amang Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Automatic Garage Door System, Arduino, Ultrasonic Sensor, Infrared Sensor, Motion Detection, Embedded Systems, Automation","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8930411/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8930411/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eAutomatic door systems are designed to reduce manual effort and improve accessibility, safety, and convenience in public and private spaces. This study presents the design and development of a Motion Activated Automatic Garage Door System using an Arduino microcontroller, sensors, and motor control to detect object presence and operate the garage door automatically. Related studies by Orji et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e) and Gupta et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e) demonstrate that ultrasonic and infrared sensors integrated with Arduino platforms provide reliable and low-cost solutions for door automation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA descriptive\u0026ndash;experimental research design was employed to develop and evaluate the proposed system in a controlled environment using a toy as the triggering object. The system performance was assessed in terms of sensor detection accuracy, response time, and reliability of the door opening and closing mechanism. Results indicate that the Arduino-based system responds efficiently to object detection and performs consistent door automation. The study contributes to existing research on embedded systems by demonstrating a simple, affordable, and educational approach to motion-activated garage door automation.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"SafeEntry Garage: A Motion-Activated Automatic Door System for Enhanced Security","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-02-24 04:02:56","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8930411/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"da03a4d8-f94c-440c-8deb-177a4d00caf9","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 24th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":63293232,"name":"Computer Architecture and Engineering"},{"id":63293233,"name":"Software Engineering"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-02-24T04:02:56+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-02-24 04:02:56","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8930411","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8930411","identity":"rs-8930411","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}