Nationwide Descriptive Analysis of Blood Lead Levels in Georgian Children: Insights from the State Program 'Early Detection and Screening of Diseases' (2020–2023)

Lead is a toxic heavy metal associated with significant health risks, particularly in children, due to its neurotoxic effects and lack of a safe exposure threshold. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of blood lead levels (BLLs) in children under 18 years, utilizing data from Georgia's national early disease detection program collected between 2020 and 2023. The dataset includes over 32,000 children, providing a robust foundation for evaluating temporal trends and regional disparities in lead exposure. A nationwide decline in elevated BLLs was observed during the study period, with an overall mean BLL of 3.56 µg/dL; however, substantial regional variations persist, with Adjara (mean BLL 5.27 µg/dL, 11.7% with BLL ≥10 µg/dL) and Guria (mean BLL 5.01 µg/dL, 8.3% with BLL ≥10 µg/dL) reporting the highest levels. These findings under-score the critical need for targeted, region-specific environmental health interventions and policies to address persistent lead exposure risks. This analysis contributes valua-ble epidemiological insights into childhood lead exposure in Georgia, informing future public health strategies and resource allocation.