Electrochemical Analysis of an Aluminum-Citrate Ion Cell

Electrochemical Analysis of an Aluminum-Citrate Ion Cell | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Electrochemical Analysis of an Aluminum-Citrate Ion Cell John Wamumwe Mwangi, Denis Kiragu, Bakari Chaka This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5941691/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The aim of this study is to prepare an aluminum-citrate ion cell from waste aluminum foils and citric acid extracted from Dovyalis caffra fruits (Kei apples) and further demonstrate their electrochemical performance for tropical terrains. Aluminum ions were prepared from discarded aluminum foils, and citrate ions were produced by co-precipitating macerated extracts of Dovyalis caffra by acid infusion. Aluminum foil wastes were broken down at room temperature using 1M HCl acid (35% v / v ) to produce aluminum oxide nanoparticles. When the Al 2 Cl 3 digestate reached effervescence, it was thoroughly washed with running distilled water (equal volume) and co-precipitated with an equivalent aliquot of 0.5M sodium carbonate solution. The prepared nano-aluminum oxide was then analyzed and compared with commercial aluminum oxide using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and x-ray diffraction (XRD), The prepared particles revealed alpha-Al 2 O 3 moieties and ranged in size from 66.3 to 106.1 nm. The cell's energy balance was 3361 J/s, and its density was 17.23 Wh/kg. The results showed that the cells could successfully produce energy storage devices from waste materials. Aluminum foil waste Aluminum oxide nanoparticles Aluminum ion cell Citric acid Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 24 Apr, 2025 Reviews received at journal 23 Apr, 2025 Reviews received at journal 21 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 19 Apr, 2025 Reviews received at journal 18 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 Apr, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 11 Apr, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 10 Apr, 2025 First submitted to journal 28 Mar, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5941691","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":441628279,"identity":"be5ab244-713b-4cf7-bcb3-bb2a0bf4452a","order_by":0,"name":"John Wamumwe Mwangi","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAyUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDCCAxCKh590LZINpGphMDiARxEK4DvAnSbxc0etjPH5BWwPf7Yx5BPUK3mAd5tk75njPGY3HrAb87YxWG4gpMXgAO9mA962Y0AtB9ikGdsYDAjaAtJi+BeoxXjGATbJn0Rq2fiYt62Gx4C/gU2ClxgtkoeBWmTbDvBI3GBsk+Y5J2EgSUgL3/HeDQffttXZ8/cfPib5o8zGgI+QFgZmMHmYgUEisQHIkCCkHg7qGBj4CZo+CkbBKBgFIxUAAJspP1ysoP9kAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Novosibirsk national research university","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"John","middleName":"Wamumwe","lastName":"Mwangi","suffix":""},{"id":441628280,"identity":"f4291945-115c-452d-baeb-329cdebb8293","order_by":1,"name":"Denis Kiragu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Benue State University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Denis","middleName":"","lastName":"Kiragu","suffix":""},{"id":441628281,"identity":"00848d91-938b-4156-afbe-55aae574c041","order_by":2,"name":"Bakari Chaka","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Maasai Mara University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bakari","middleName":"","lastName":"Chaka","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-02-01 12:08:10","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5941691/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5941691/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":80528947,"identity":"b6a2c077-0753-41fa-bcdc-a6bc34b77b7a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-14 10:30:07","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1219913,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"AluminumCitrateIonCell28final.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5941691/v1_covered_dbe2a773-423f-4f3a-9199-268621e448eb.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":" Electrochemical Analysis of an Aluminum-Citrate Ion Cell ","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-chemistry","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Chemistry](https://link.springer.com/journal/44371)","snPcode":"44371","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/44371/3","title":"Discover Chemistry","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Aluminum foil waste, Aluminum oxide nanoparticles, Aluminum ion cell, Citric acid","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5941691/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5941691/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe aim of this study is to prepare an aluminum-citrate ion cell from waste aluminum foils and citric acid extracted from \u003cem\u003eDovyalis caffra\u003c/em\u003e fruits (Kei apples) and further demonstrate their electrochemical performance for tropical terrains. Aluminum ions were prepared from discarded aluminum foils, and citrate ions were produced by co-precipitating macerated extracts of Dovyalis caffra by acid infusion. Aluminum foil wastes were broken down at room temperature using 1M HCl acid (35% \u003csup\u003ev\u003c/sup\u003e/\u003csub\u003ev\u003c/sub\u003e) to produce aluminum oxide nanoparticles. When the Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eCl\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e digestate reached effervescence, it was thoroughly washed with running distilled water (equal volume) and co-precipitated with an equivalent aliquot of 0.5M sodium carbonate solution. The prepared nano-aluminum oxide was then analyzed and compared with commercial aluminum oxide using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and x-ray diffraction (XRD), The prepared particles revealed alpha-Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e moieties and ranged in size from 66.3 to 106.1 nm. The cell's energy balance was 3361 J/s, and its density was 17.23 Wh/kg. 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