ENDOMETRIOSIS AS A DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE ABDOMEN

Introduction: Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological condition characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. While typically presenting with pelvic pain and infertility, it can occasionally manifest with acute abdominal symptoms. Recognizing endometriosis as a differential diagnosis in acute abdomen is crucial to avoid unnecessary surgical interventions. Objective: To explore and synthesize current evidence on the role of endometriosis as a differential diagnosis in cases of acute abdomen, focusing on diagnostic challenges, clinical presentations, imaging modalities, and surgical considerations. Methods: This narrative review included a comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2019 and 2025. Relevant articles addressing the emergency presentation of endometriosis, its mimickers, and its differentiation from other causes of acute abdomen were selected and analyzed. Results and Discussion: Endometriosis may mimic appendicitis, bowel obstruction, or pelvic inflammatory disease, presenting challenges in acute care settings. Laparoscopy remains the gold standard for diagnosis, although imaging techniques continue to evolve. A multidisciplinary approach enhances diagnostic accuracy and improves patient outcomes. Conclusion: Timely consideration of endometriosis in acute abdominal presentations is essential for proper diagnosis and management. Greater awareness among emergency physicians and surgeons can prevent misdiagnosis and reduce unnecessary procedures.