The Evolution Characteristics of Different Deformation Modes of Shear Slip Surface Based on Acoustic Emission Measurements

The Evolution Characteristics of Different Deformation Modes of Shear Slip Surface Based on Acoustic Emission Measurements | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article The Evolution Characteristics of Different Deformation Modes of Shear Slip Surface Based on Acoustic Emission Measurements Qiang Xie, zhihui wu, Yuxin Ban, Xiang Fu, Zhilin Cao, Weichen Sun, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-557596/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract To investigate the acoustic emission (AE) precursor detection of landslide failures, a model test aiming at reproducing the typical shear surface deformation of different landslide modes was designed. The evolution characteristics of the AE signals were analyzed in terms of AE count, cumulative AE count, AE correlation diagrams, and corresponding time-frequency properties. The test results show that for the progressive deformation mode, the AE count experiences a low-level period, an active period and a rapid increase period, and the distribution of correlation diagram hits concentrates in a relatively small scale and then gradually scatters. There is low frequency signals firstly and then high frequency signals, and the energy proportion of the high-frequency signals shows an increasing tendency. For the sudden deformation mode, the magnitude of AE count increases sharply, leading to the cumulative AE count curve rises steeply, and correlation diagram hits distribution turns into relatively scattering rapidly. Furthermore, the high frequency signals and high energy proportion appear much earlier than that of the progressive deformation mode. For steady deformation mode, however, the acoustic emission activity is quite active in the initial stage, the cumulative AE count curve rises sharply and then maintains relatively flat trend, and correlation diagram hits distribution scatters firstly, then the signal hits distribution begins to concentrate in a relatively small scale. There are intensive high-frequency hits and high energy proportion earlier, and later they tend to decay in response to smaller magnitudes of movement. Comprehensive use of multiple features can help identify landslide deformation patterns more accurately under complex natural conditions, which may provide a promising reference for the field warning monitoring of the diverse landslide failures. Civil Engineering Planetary Geology shear surface deformation different deformation modes acoustic emission data multiple features identification reference early warning Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-557596","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":30705592,"identity":"705bc766-ba91-4498-8a0a-9b172cd44beb","order_by":0,"name":"Qiang Xie","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chongqing University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Qiang","middleName":"","lastName":"Xie","suffix":""},{"id":30705593,"identity":"649980f3-6b9f-4299-860e-b3b850f024ca","order_by":1,"name":"zhihui wu","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABEUlEQVRIie3PMUvDQBTA8SfC1SE1m7ygmK9wWYrFYr/KHSdmqVJwqVugcA4OzsEvEQiUjpFAukRdU7KkS2bHCB28mEloom4O99/ueD/uHoBO9w+jERDgHhikN38urO2IfV2z6S/IoZEIOvSumDorQn8gex7AKU4GeOfFDYEukrllsVnGJwQnFNfLtxvTfuDvBQXbPIp2kkHGXMrT2CBGOXX8NL+1ZD9E9THHf2JtJEEuFemJQCDJeZD0g5owmrcRLhuiZuItea1JWHWRcSZIQw4uHc+SUU0Wna8M07ImrtolEYCp4L68Xpwxiq270JVbWh/yfGzfz1cVzi744/5LuK5mI9s83k1aw7+N63Q6ne5bn6SfZmhdR2osAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1385-895X","institution":"Chongqing University","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"zhihui","middleName":"","lastName":"wu","suffix":""},{"id":30705594,"identity":"7e1a35b6-ef52-4aea-a273-0a759eaf5ad1","order_by":2,"name":"Yuxin Ban","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chongqing University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yuxin","middleName":"","lastName":"Ban","suffix":""},{"id":30705595,"identity":"e8091a2c-dea1-461c-8c35-c5b18bee118d","order_by":3,"name":"Xiang Fu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chongqing Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiang","middleName":"","lastName":"Fu","suffix":""},{"id":30705596,"identity":"9b020db6-d42d-4b2f-9ff3-ef368a01b36a","order_by":4,"name":"Zhilin Cao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chongqing University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhilin","middleName":"","lastName":"Cao","suffix":""},{"id":30705597,"identity":"1306bfb5-af6c-4d25-b921-1efbdc3994b1","order_by":5,"name":"Weichen Sun","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chongqing University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Weichen","middleName":"","lastName":"Sun","suffix":""},{"id":30705598,"identity":"7df9019e-edf8-481d-b8ce-481e3807bc0c","order_by":6,"name":"Bolin Chen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chongqing University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bolin","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-05-24 13:00:34","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-557596/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-557596/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":10003030,"identity":"944b3f08-98c5-4ebb-8e48-41857594b540","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-04 19:41:07","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":801229,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Part of regional landslide hazards in the world\nNote: The designations employed and the presentation of the material on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of Research Square concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This map has been provided by the authors.","description":"","filename":"fig1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-557596/v1/a2c4e6bbaafc9382e3192341.png"},{"id":10002795,"identity":"76c855e9-c8e4-44c8-92ca-01c2d6f9ca3c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-04 19:38:07","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":73054,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Simplified landslide mechanics modes(a) progressive deformation mode;(b) sudden deformation mode;(c) steady deformation mode","description":"","filename":"fig2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-557596/v1/2fdae329d712073d07833540.png"},{"id":10002798,"identity":"b426fe26-34a1-4902-a0f4-b67010e74610","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-04 19:38:07","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":427367,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Experimental apparatus","description":"","filename":"fig3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-557596/v1/ad81dc2dd028f5fdf993e8f7.png"},{"id":10002470,"identity":"9255a233-c34f-4b31-bb13-f0318042de53","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-04 19:35:07","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":61533,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Displacement-time curve(a) progressive deformation mode;(b) sudden deformation mode;(c) steady deformation mode","description":"","filename":"fig4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-557596/v1/3855b9620bfa99e98f35358d.png"},{"id":10002466,"identity":"5008748c-7226-4ffe-a78d-15071dbc676d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-04 19:35:06","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":159298,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"The AE count, cumulative AE count and shear surface displacement for east test (a) progressive deformation mode;(b) sudden deformation mode;(c) steady deformation mode","description":"","filename":"fig5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-557596/v1/3a77a93fab6ec40ce992ace0.png"},{"id":10002799,"identity":"0c85494e-e75b-4145-bd77-15169db478b2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-04 19:38:07","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":78584,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Evolution process of AE duration-count under the progressive deformation modes (a) stage Ⅰ, 0-300s;(b) stage Ⅱ, 300-450s;(c) stage Ⅲ, 450-700s","description":"","filename":"fig6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-557596/v1/fb814482ac5b5066286bffe7.png"},{"id":10002479,"identity":"887bda15-8715-42b0-9716-abbbbd598388","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-04 19:35:07","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":84294,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Evolution process of AE duration-count under the sudden deformation mode (a) stage Ⅰ, 0-80s;(b) stage Ⅱ, 80-230s","description":"","filename":"fig7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-557596/v1/5e52e2eff246cf85fdbe2ebb.png"},{"id":10003032,"identity":"8368e680-8471-4a33-bed4-a1129cd7d707","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-04 19:41:07","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":104964,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Evolution process of AE duration-count under the steady deformation mode (a) stage Ⅰ, 0-200s;(b) stage Ⅱ 200-500s;(c) stage Ⅲ, 500-800s","description":"","filename":"fig8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-557596/v1/56481b131d8aa028baf21922.png"},{"id":10003031,"identity":"c2f20d83-93ad-40ab-a3ea-d9273f4a5e1c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-04 19:41:07","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"Figure 9","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":80390,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Evolution process of AE amplitude-energy under the progressive deformation mode (a) stage Ⅰ, 0-300s; (b) stage Ⅱ, 300-450s; (c) stage Ⅲ, 450-700s","description":"","filename":"fig9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-557596/v1/021731724a2bae1530fd77d8.png"},{"id":10003029,"identity":"53599126-d567-4c79-ad68-034227f56b8d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-04 19:41:07","extension":"png","order_by":10,"title":"Figure 10","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":80320,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Evolution process of AE amplitude-energy under the sudden deformation mode (a) stage Ⅰ, 0-80s;(b) stage Ⅱ, 80-230s","description":"","filename":"fig10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-557596/v1/709cd7e0d97f187604cd9d74.png"},{"id":10002480,"identity":"1ed106a5-6566-4e08-af98-06401de445c2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-04 19:35:07","extension":"png","order_by":11,"title":"Figure 11","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":73951,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Evolution process of signal amplitude- energy under the steady deformation mode (a) stage Ⅰ, 0-200s;(b) stage Ⅱ 200-500s; (c) stage Ⅲ, 500-800s","description":"","filename":"fig11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-557596/v1/3dd76bc310b4af09efc41ed3.png"},{"id":10002477,"identity":"b0b3308b-5d3e-4bd0-a7b4-61f805ca80a5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-04 19:35:07","extension":"png","order_by":12,"title":"Figure 12","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":175472,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"The AE dominant frequency evolution and shear displacement in the entire test process(a) progressive deformation mode;(b) sudden deformation mode;(c) steady deformation mode","description":"","filename":"fig12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-557596/v1/30c42df1b58b94c83ec7724f.png"},{"id":10002473,"identity":"06715ddd-45af-4b2c-9451-2da287548296","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-04 19:35:07","extension":"png","order_by":13,"title":"Figure 13","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":103899,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Energy ratio of the high frequency band against time(a) progressive deformation mode;(b) sudden deformation mode;(c) steady deformation mode","description":"","filename":"fig13.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-557596/v1/2a8e85c3f07f044444a94c96.png"},{"id":10002802,"identity":"b2442ae1-b885-415c-b5c9-e8891ffc9c94","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-04 19:38:07","extension":"png","order_by":14,"title":"Figure 14","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":122048,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Evolution characteristics of AE amplitude in different deformation modes(a) progressive deformation mode;(b) sudden deformation mode;(c) steady deformation mode","description":"","filename":"fig14.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-557596/v1/866ae6769129fa400852e7fc.png"},{"id":10002801,"identity":"abda0a5c-c71b-4260-a4fb-40d4e0235ba9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-04 19:38:07","extension":"png","order_by":15,"title":"Figure 15","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":104712,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Evolution characteristics of AE duration in different deformation modes(a) progressive deformation mode;(b) sudden deformation mode;(c) steady deformation mode","description":"","filename":"fig15.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-557596/v1/880c64be546025dee215af5b.png"},{"id":10002804,"identity":"b761beb9-6a8d-439f-a147-f8a65a475f2c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-04 19:38:08","extension":"png","order_by":16,"title":"Figure 16","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":145545,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Generalized geological model for probable landslide modes(a) progressive landslide mode;(b) sudden landslide mode;(c) steady landslide mode","description":"","filename":"fig16.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-557596/v1/8d3d6d43cfa61bb2567d12e7.png"},{"id":13629873,"identity":"e7cd5267-dc8e-4e69-8015-c72a34260fe6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 08:09:43","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1592077,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-557596/v1_covered.pdf"},{"id":10003035,"identity":"43bfddb5-c171-4e41-b711-f47e0830acc9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-04 19:41:17","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1588523,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-557596/v1_covered.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eThe Evolution Characteristics of Different Deformation Modes of Shear Slip Surface Based on Acoustic Emission Measurements\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"This preprint is available for \u003ca href='/article/rs-557596/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003edownload as a PDF\u003c/a\u003e."}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"shear surface deformation, different deformation modes, acoustic emission data, multiple features, identification reference, early warning","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-557596/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-557596/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eTo investigate the acoustic emission (AE) precursor detection of landslide failures, a model test aiming at reproducing the typical shear surface deformation of different landslide modes was designed. The evolution characteristics of the AE signals were analyzed in terms of AE count, cumulative AE count, AE correlation diagrams, and corresponding time-frequency properties. The test results show that for the progressive deformation mode, the AE count experiences a low-level period, an active period and a rapid increase period, and the distribution of correlation diagram hits concentrates in a relatively small scale and then gradually scatters. There is low frequency signals firstly and then high frequency signals, and the energy proportion of the high-frequency signals shows an increasing tendency. For the sudden deformation mode, the magnitude of AE count increases sharply, leading to the cumulative AE count curve rises steeply, and correlation diagram hits distribution turns into relatively scattering rapidly. Furthermore, the high frequency signals and high energy proportion appear much earlier than that of the progressive deformation mode. For steady deformation mode, however, the acoustic emission activity is quite active in the initial stage, the cumulative AE count curve rises sharply and then maintains relatively flat trend, and correlation diagram hits distribution scatters firstly, then the signal hits distribution begins to concentrate in a relatively small scale. There are intensive high-frequency hits and high energy proportion earlier, and later they tend to decay in response to smaller magnitudes of movement. Comprehensive use of multiple features can help identify landslide deformation patterns more accurately under complex natural conditions, which may provide a promising reference for the field warning monitoring of the diverse landslide failures.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"The Evolution Characteristics of Different Deformation Modes of Shear Slip Surface Based on Acoustic Emission Measurements","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2021-06-04 19:35:04","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-557596/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"6c875eb3-2fc6-4dde-8077-ee6502c63b88","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 4th, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":4811672,"name":"Civil Engineering"},{"id":4811673,"name":"Planetary Geology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2021-09-17T08:09:25+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2021-06-04 19:35:04","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-557596","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-557596","identity":"rs-557596","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"FbvkV6FR0MCFSLy54lSbu","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}