Ligand exchange used as double-edged sword for the removal of ammonia and dyes from wastewater

Ligand exchange used as double-edged sword for the removal of ammonia and dyes from wastewater | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Ligand exchange used as double-edged sword for the removal of ammonia and dyes from wastewater Marwa El-Ghobashy, Mohamed Khamis, Abeer Elsherbiny, Ibrahim Salem This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1720551/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 08 Feb, 2023 Read the published version in Environmental Science and Pollution Research → Version 1 posted 6 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Cationic ligand exchange is one of the most predominant mechanisms for the removal of ammonia from wastewater through complex formation. The complexation technique occurs between the metal ions loaded on the surface of Amberlite IR-120 (R-H) and ammonia which is present in medium. Cu(II)-loaded Amberlite IR-120 (R-Cu 2+ ) was prepared and described using FT-IR, TGA, XRD, SEM, EDX techniques. The prepared R-Cu 2+ was applied for elimination of ammonia from aqueous solution. Different cations such as Co 2+ , Ni 2+ were loaded onto Amberlite IR-120 to study the impact of counter cation on the removal efficiency of ammonia. The ammonia removal percentage followed the order; R-Cu 2+ > R-Ni 2+ > R-Co 2+ . The removal of ammonia using R-Cu 2+ obeyed Freundlich isotherm model. Thermodynamic parameters characteristics of the adsorption of ammonia onto R-Cu 2+ were determined. The time-adsorption data were followed the pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models. Moreover, the resulting product (R-Cu(II)-amine composite) from the adsorption process exhibited high catalytic activity and could be applicable as low cost catalyst for enhancement the elimination of dyes from wastewater. Ammonia Amberlite IR-120 Complexation R-Cu(II)-amine composite Dyes Removal Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Full Text Tables Table 1 EDX composition analysis for R / Cu(II)-amine composite. Weight % Elements 48.50 C 10.34 N 34.86 O 4.15 S 2.16 Cu Table 2 The comparison of the maximum adsorption capacity for the adsorption of NH 4 + onto various adsorbents reported in literature. Adsorbent q max (mg/g) Conditions References Zn(II)-loaded resin 38.55 1 g/100 mL, pH= 9.54, 298 K for 240 min ( Chen, Chen et al. 2019 ) Cu(II)-loaded chelating resin 42.74 1 g/100 mL, pH= 9.5, 288 K for 24 h ( Chen, Zhou et al. 2017 ) Cu-WAER (secondary amino group) CuN-SiO 2 powder (primary amino group) 9.30–14.79 21.37 0.1 g/15 mL, pH (5.3–7.4), 298 K Within 20-60 min 0.2 g/100 mL, pH= 8, 298 K within 1 min ( Mahata, Chung et al. 2021 ) Synthetic manganese oxides (MnOs) 25.77 0.4 g/100 mL, pH= 7, 298 K for 24 h ( Zhang, Wang et al. 2020 ) Nickel, strontium, and zirconia oxides decorated graphene oxide (NiSr–ZrO 2 /GO) 181.81 0.05 g/30 mL, pH 5-8 at room temperature, for 60 min ( Mousavi, Nabi Bidhendi et al. 2020 ) Modification bentonite (Al-Tan-Bent) 5.85 2 g/L, pH= 7.5, 298 K for 60 min ( Cheng, Zhu et al. 2019 ) Sodium functionalized graphene oxide (GO-Na) 32 1 g/L, pH= 7, 303 K for 60 min ( Mirahsani, Giorgi et al. 2020 ) Ball-milled bamboo biochar (BMBB) 22.9 0.05 g/30 mL, pH= 6, 298 K for 24 h ( Qin, Zhu et al. 2020 ) Modified zeolite (M-Zeo) 17.83 0.5 g/25 mL, pH= 8, 293 K for 24 h ( Pan, Zhang et al. 2019 ) Cu(II)-loaded on Amberlite IR-120 resin (R-Cu 2+ ) 200 0.1 g/20 mL, pH= 8.6, 303 K for 60 min This work Table 3 Kinetics models’parameters with their correlation coefficient (R 2 ) for the adsorption of NH 4 + onto R-Cu 2+ (0.1 g) at 30 o C. [NH 4 + ]o (mg/L) Pseudo-first-order model Pseudo-second-order model Intraparticle diffusion model q e(cal) (mg g -1 ) q e(exp) (mg g -1 ) k 1 (min -1 ) R 2 q e(cal) (mg g -1 ) q e(exp) (mg g -1 ) k 2 (g mg -1 min -1 ) R 2 k p1 (mg g -1 min -1/2 ) R 2 k p2 (mg g -1 min -1/2 ) R 2 398.6 86.38 71.13 0.333 0.999 75.19 71.13 0.009 0.991 22.21 0.987 1.385 0.835 621 72.73 113.5 0.102 0.946 119.1 113.5 0.003 0.996 35.37 0.997 1.619 0.982 855.3 152.7 159.5 0.160 0.842 188.7 159.6 0.001 0.936 68.48 1.000 1.919 0.588 1060 231.3 200.1 0.139 0.968 208.3 200.1 0.002 0.997 40.08 0.999 0.268 0.707 1686 354.7 316.9 0.074 0.992 357.1 316.9 0.0002 0.984 55.77 0.999 2.095 0.758 Table 4 Isotherm parameters and the correlation coefficient, R 2 for the adsorption of NH 4+ onto (0.1 g) R-Cu 2+ . T(K) Langmuir isotherm Freundlich isotherm Temkin isotherm Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm q max (mg/g) K L (L/mg) R 2 K F (mg/g) 1/n R 2 K T (L/mg) B 1 (J/mol) R 2 q m (mg/g) B (mol 2 J -2 ) E (kJ/mol) R 2 293 -133.7 -0.007 0.492 0.005 2.330 0.980 0.0199 382.2 0.961 618.9 -0.001 19.10 0.928 303 -235.9 -0.006 0.557 0.102 1.750 0.997 0.0289 301.1 0.985 442.7 0.001 29.85 0.978 313 -1231 -0.002 0.501 1.906 1.133 0.987 0.0523 187.3 0.941 374.1 0.001 41.18 0.982 Table 5 Thermodynamic parameters of NH 4+ adsorbed onto (0.1 g) R-Cu 2+ . Temp. (K) K d (Lg -1 ) D H ads (KJmol -1 ) D S ads (J.mol -1 K -1 ) D G ads (KJmol -1 ) 293 2.421 -2.202 303 3.091 13.40 53.24 -2.735 313 3.434 -3.267 Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 08 Feb, 2023 Read the published version in Environmental Science and Pollution Research → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Major Revision 18 Aug, 2022 Reviewers agreed at journal 25 Jun, 2022 Reviewers invited by journal 25 Jun, 2022 Editor invited by journal 21 Jun, 2022 Editor assigned by journal 14 Jun, 2022 First submitted to journal 02 Jun, 2022 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-1720551","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":116366575,"identity":"4d6e9a32-757e-4749-b3cf-74fb6c2d9337","order_by":0,"name":"Marwa El-Ghobashy","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Tanta University Faculty of Science","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Marwa","middleName":"","lastName":"El-Ghobashy","suffix":""},{"id":116366576,"identity":"355c4214-e553-421e-9bb1-600d2f7a3ed8","order_by":1,"name":"Mohamed Khamis","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tanta University Faculty of Science","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohamed","middleName":"","lastName":"Khamis","suffix":""},{"id":116366577,"identity":"263936e1-2980-4e33-9774-552e891c81a1","order_by":2,"name":"Abeer Elsherbiny","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tanta University Faculty of Science","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abeer","middleName":"","lastName":"Elsherbiny","suffix":""},{"id":116366578,"identity":"f1980b42-b9ff-45c8-bbda-84c70e088b23","order_by":3,"name":"Ibrahim Salem","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tanta University Faculty of Science","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ibrahim","middleName":"","lastName":"Salem","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2022-06-02 19:19:31","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1720551/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1720551/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-25677-3","type":"published","date":"2023-02-08T18:45:03+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":23468503,"identity":"3efe4aa9-d722-4b5e-9c05-2c9ad8c8bfab","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-07-05 16:58:35","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":58461,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e(a)\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003eFT-IR spectra of R-H, R-Cu\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e, and R/Cu(II)-amine composite\u003cstrong\u003e; \u003c/strong\u003e(b)\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003eXRD patterns of R-H, R-Cu\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e, and R/Cu(II)-amine composite; (c) TGA curve of R/Cu(II)-amine composite.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1720551/v1/cb596ae6bd53275836ba82df.png"},{"id":23468501,"identity":"ea3676c7-7ec8-4373-a846-9b62d992bd6f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-07-05 16:58:35","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":836425,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e(a) SEM images of R-H; (b) SEM images of R-Cu\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e; (c) SEM images of \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;R/Cu(II)-amine composite; (d) EDX image of R/Cu(II)-amine composite.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1720551/v1/5c771e18d731dd2dc63b7c7d.png"},{"id":23468507,"identity":"2b9b52d4-fe23-4e6e-ac51-70202f27a973","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-07-05 16:58:35","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":38479,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e(a) Effect of contact time on the adsorption capacities of NH\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e; (b) The removal efficiency of NH\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e+ \u003c/sup\u003eonto R-Cu\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e, R-Ni\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e and R-Co\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e (0.1 g) using [NH\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e]\u003csub\u003eo\u003c/sub\u003e =1060 mg. L\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e, 130 rpm and 30 \u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003eC.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1720551/v1/c51e91a6b144b901954b181c.png"},{"id":23469220,"identity":"cc5128f6-725b-44a5-a1c3-99c63c9f3748","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-07-05 17:03:35","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":37140,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eIntra-particle diffusion plot of the adsorption of NH\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e onto (0.1 g) of R-Cu\u003csup\u003e+2\u003c/sup\u003e at 30 \u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003eC.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1720551/v1/cd09e94ce48110e3f9048bcf.png"},{"id":23468510,"identity":"0992b4aa-9815-4d55-9e2d-924a339d667f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-07-05 16:58:35","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":11896,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe effect of initial pH on the removal efficiency of NH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e-N, [NH4\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e]\u003csub\u003eo\u003c/sub\u003e = 1032.9 mg. L\u003csup\u003e-1 \u003c/sup\u003eusing R-Cu\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e (0.1 g) at 30 \u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003eC.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1720551/v1/28dd63b3685f3d6c8ad2f357.png"},{"id":23468511,"identity":"529803e5-9117-414f-840d-df1b4a45768a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-07-05 16:58:35","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":21876,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe effect of dose (R-Cu\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e) on the removal efficiency of NH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e-N, \u0026nbsp;[NH4\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e]\u003csub\u003eo\u003c/sub\u003e = 1032.9 mg. L\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e, pH = 8.6 and temperature 30 \u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003eC.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1720551/v1/ff612eac3476c495e79fd964.png"},{"id":23469221,"identity":"4a54f59a-c1e1-46d5-9630-d6aef35e5972","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-07-05 17:03:35","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":19413,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eInfluence of initial concentration of NH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e-N solution on the removal efficiency at different\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;time using R-Cu\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e= 0.1 g, pH= 8.6 at 30 \u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003eC.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1720551/v1/76fce09727858d976c6ebfb5.png"},{"id":23468505,"identity":"2d08a03e-4672-4a85-8248-a0426268ae6f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-07-05 16:58:35","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":21097,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eAbsorbance-time plots for the catalytic degradation of different types of organic dyes using \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.05 g of R/Cu(II)-amine composite as a catalyst in the presence of [H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e] = 0.01 mol L\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e at 30 °C:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003e(A)\u003c/strong\u003e ‎[MV] = 1.86 x 10\u003csup\u003e-4\u003c/sup\u003e mol L\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003e(B)\u003c/strong\u003e ‎‎[AB]= 7.5 x 10\u003csup\u003e-5\u003c/sup\u003e mol L\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003e(C)\u003c/strong\u003e ‎‎[MG]= 2.5 x 10\u003csup\u003e-5\u003c/sup\u003e mol L\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1720551/v1/98dd0f75c4befb94bc1f6b27.png"},{"id":23469227,"identity":"52b5b705-d7af-4ef1-b2f9-96c2bb6ed754","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-07-05 17:03:42","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":831953,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1720551/v1_covered.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Ligand exchange used as double-edged sword for the removal of ammonia and dyes from wastewater","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"This preprint is available for \u003ca href='/article/rs-1720551/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003edownload as a PDF\u003c/a\u003e."},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;EDX composition analysis for R\u003cstrong\u003e/\u003c/strong\u003eCu(II)-amine composite.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" dir=\"rtl\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"48.6404833836858%\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWeight %\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"51.3595166163142%\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"48.6404833836858%\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e48.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"51.3595166163142%\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"48.6404833836858%\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e10.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"51.3595166163142%\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"48.6404833836858%\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e34.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"51.3595166163142%\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eO\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"48.6404833836858%\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e4.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"51.3595166163142%\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"48.6404833836858%\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e2.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"51.3595166163142%\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eCu\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003eThe comparison of the maximum adsorption capacity for the adsorption of NH\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e onto various adsorbents reported in literature.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable align=\"left\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.84143222506394%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdsorbent\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.9846547314578%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eq\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e (mg/g)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.70076726342711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConditions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.473145780051151%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.84143222506394%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eZn(II)-loaded resin\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.9846547314578%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.70076726342711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 g/100 mL, pH= 9.54, 298 K for 240 min\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.473145780051151%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_2\" title=\"Chen, 2019 #139\"\u003eChen, Chen et al. 2019\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.84143222506394%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCu(II)-loaded chelating resin\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.9846547314578%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.70076726342711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 g/100 mL, pH= 9.5, 288 K for 24 h \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.473145780051151%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_1\" title=\"Chen, 2017 #140\"\u003eChen, Zhou et al. 2017\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"31.84143222506394%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCu-WAER\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;(secondary amino group)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCuN-SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e powder\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(primary amino group)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.9846547314578%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.30\u0026ndash;14.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.70076726342711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1 g/15 mL, pH (5.3\u0026ndash;7.4), 298 K\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWithin 20-60 min\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2 g/100 mL, pH= 8, 298 K\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ewithin 1 min\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.473145780051151%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_4\" title=\"Mahata, 2021 #157\"\u003eMahata, Chung et al. 2021\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.84143222506394%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSynthetic manganese oxides (MnOs)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.9846547314578%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.70076726342711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4 g/100 mL, pH= 7, 298 K for 24 h \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.473145780051151%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_9\" title=\"Zhang, 2020 #186\"\u003eZhang, Wang et al. 2020\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.84143222506394%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNickel, strontium, and zirconia oxides decorated graphene oxide\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(NiSr\u0026ndash;ZrO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/GO)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.9846547314578%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e181.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.70076726342711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05 g/30 mL, pH 5-8 at room temperature, for 60 min\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.473145780051151%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_6\" title=\"Mousavi, 2020 #168\"\u003eMousavi, Nabi Bidhendi et al. 2020\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.84143222506394%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModification bentonite\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;(Al-Tan-Bent)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.9846547314578%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.70076726342711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 g/L, pH= 7.5, 298 K for 60 min\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.473145780051151%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_3\" title=\"Cheng, 2019 #150\"\u003eCheng, Zhu et al. 2019\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.84143222506394%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSodium functionalized graphene oxide (GO-Na)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.9846547314578%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.70076726342711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 g/L, pH= 7, 303 K for 60 min\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.473145780051151%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_5\" title=\"Mirahsani, 2020 #153\"\u003eMirahsani, Giorgi et al. 2020\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.84143222506394%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBall-milled bamboo biochar (BMBB)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.9846547314578%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.70076726342711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05 g/30 mL, pH= 6, 298 K for 24 h\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.473145780051151%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_8\" title=\"Qin, 2020 #161\"\u003eQin, Zhu et al. 2020\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.84143222506394%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModified zeolite (M-Zeo) \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.9846547314578%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.70076726342711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5 g/25 mL, pH= 8, 293 K for 24 h\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.473145780051151%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_7\" title=\"Pan, 2019 #189\"\u003ePan, Zhang et al. 2019\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.84143222506394%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCu(II)-loaded on Amberlite IR-120 resin (R-Cu\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.9846547314578%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e200\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.70076726342711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1 g/20 mL, pH= 8.6, 303 K for 60 min\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.473145780051151%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThis work\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e Kinetics models\u0026rsquo;parameters with their correlation coefficient (R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e)\u0026nbsp;for the adsorption of NH\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e+\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eonto R-Cu\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e (0.1 g) at 30\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;o\u003c/sup\u003eC.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"6.122448979591836%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[NH\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e]o\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(mg/L)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"27.551020408163264%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePseudo-first-order model\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"30.612244897959183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePseudo-second-order model\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"35.714285714285715%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIntraparticle diffusion model\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"0%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.608695652173913%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eq\u003csub\u003ee(cal)\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(mg g\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.608695652173913%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eq\u003csub\u003ee(exp)\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(mg g\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.608695652173913%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ek\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(min\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.521739130434782%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.608695652173913%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eq\u003csub\u003ee(cal)\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(mg g\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.608695652173913%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eq\u003csub\u003ee(exp)\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;(mg g\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.869565217391305%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ek\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(g mg\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e min\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"6.521739130434782%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.043478260869565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ek\u003csub\u003ep1\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(mg g\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e min \u003csup\u003e-1/2\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.521739130434782%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.956521739130435%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ek\u003csub\u003ep2\u003c/sub\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(mg g\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e min \u003csup\u003e-1/2\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"6.521739130434782%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.122448979591836%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e398.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.142857142857143%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.142857142857143%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.142857142857143%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.333\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.122448979591836%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.142857142857143%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.142857142857143%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.204081632653061%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"6.122448979591836%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.991\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.122448979591836%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.987\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.224489795918368%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.385\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"6.122448979591836%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.835\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.122448979591836%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e621\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.142857142857143%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.142857142857143%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e113.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.142857142857143%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.102\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.122448979591836%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.946\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.142857142857143%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e119.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.142857142857143%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e113.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.204081632653061%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"6.122448979591836%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.996\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.122448979591836%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.997\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.224489795918368%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.619\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"6.122448979591836%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.982\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.122448979591836%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e855.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.142857142857143%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e152.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.142857142857143%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e159.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.142857142857143%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.160\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.122448979591836%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.842\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.142857142857143%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e188.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.142857142857143%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e159.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.204081632653061%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"6.122448979591836%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.936\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.122448979591836%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.224489795918368%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.919\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"6.122448979591836%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.588\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.122448979591836%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1060\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.142857142857143%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e231.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.142857142857143%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e200.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.142857142857143%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.139\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.122448979591836%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.968\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.142857142857143%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e208.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.142857142857143%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e200.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.204081632653061%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"6.122448979591836%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.997\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.122448979591836%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.224489795918368%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.268\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"6.122448979591836%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.707\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.122448979591836%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1686\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.142857142857143%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e354.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.142857142857143%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e316.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.142857142857143%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.074\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.122448979591836%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.992\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.142857142857143%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e357.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.142857142857143%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e316.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.204081632653061%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"6.122448979591836%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.984\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.122448979591836%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.224489795918368%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.095\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"6.122448979591836%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.758\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e Isotherm parameters and the correlation coefficient, R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e for the adsorption of NH\u003csup\u003e4+\u003c/sup\u003e onto (0.1 g) R-Cu\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"6.122448979591836%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT(K)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" width=\"23.46938775510204%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLangmuir isotherm\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFreundlich isotherm\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTemkin isotherm\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"31.632653061224488%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDubinin-Radushkevich isotherm\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"0%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.344827586206897%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eq\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(mg/g)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.045977011494253%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eK\u003csub\u003eL\u003c/sub\u003e (L/mg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eK\u003csub\u003eF\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(mg/g)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1/n\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.747126436781609%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eK\u003csub\u003eT\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(L/mg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eB\u003csub\u003e1\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sub\u003e(J/mol)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.896551724137931%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.195402298850574%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eq\u003csub\u003em\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(mg/g)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.195402298850574%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eB\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(mol\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e J\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.195402298850574%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eE\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(kJ/mol)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"6.896551724137931%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.451612903225806%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e293\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.67741935483871%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-133.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.526881720430108%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.451612903225806%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.492\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.451612903225806%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.451612903225806%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.330\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.376344086021505%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.980\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.451612903225806%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0199\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.451612903225806%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e382.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.451612903225806%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.961\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.602150537634408%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e618.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.602150537634408%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.602150537634408%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"6.451612903225806%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.928\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.451612903225806%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e303\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.67741935483871%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-235.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.526881720430108%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.451612903225806%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.557\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.451612903225806%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.102\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.451612903225806%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.750\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.376344086021505%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.997\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.451612903225806%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0289\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.451612903225806%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e301.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.451612903225806%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.985\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.602150537634408%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e442.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.602150537634408%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.602150537634408%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"6.451612903225806%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.978\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.451612903225806%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e313\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.67741935483871%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1231\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.526881720430108%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.451612903225806%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.501\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.451612903225806%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.906\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.451612903225806%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.133\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.376344086021505%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.987\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.451612903225806%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0523\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.451612903225806%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e187.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.451612903225806%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.941\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.602150537634408%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e374.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.602150537634408%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.602150537634408%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"6.451612903225806%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.982\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e Thermodynamic parameters of NH\u003csup\u003e4+\u003c/sup\u003e adsorbed onto (0.1 g) R-Cu\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.306122448979592%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTemp.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(K)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eK\u003csub\u003ed\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Lg\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eD\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eH\u003csub\u003eads\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(KJmol\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.489795918367346%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eD\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eS\u003csub\u003eads\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;(J.mol\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003eK\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eD\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eG\u003csub\u003eads\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(KJmol\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.306122448979592%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e293\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.421\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.489795918367346%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.202\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.306122448979592%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e303\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.091\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.489795918367346%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.735\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.306122448979592%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e313\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.434\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.489795918367346%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.387755102040817%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.267\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"environmental-science-and-pollution-research","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"espr","sideBox":"Learn more about [Environmental Science and Pollution Research](https://www.springer.com/journal/11356)","snPcode":"11356","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11356/3","title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Ammonia, Amberlite IR-120, Complexation, R-Cu(II)-amine composite, Dyes, Removal","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1720551/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1720551/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eCationic ligand exchange is one of the most predominant mechanisms for the removal of ammonia from wastewater through complex formation. The complexation technique occurs between the metal ions loaded on the surface of Amberlite IR-120 (R-H) and ammonia which is present in medium. Cu(II)-loaded Amberlite IR-120 (R-Cu\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e) was prepared and described using FT-IR, TGA, XRD, SEM, EDX techniques. The prepared R-Cu\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e was applied for elimination of ammonia from aqueous solution. Different cations such as Co\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e, Ni\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e were loaded onto Amberlite IR-120 to study the impact of counter cation on the removal efficiency of ammonia. The ammonia removal percentage followed the order; R-Cu\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026gt; R-Ni\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026gt; R-Co\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e. The removal of ammonia using R-Cu\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e obeyed Freundlich isotherm model. Thermodynamic parameters characteristics of the adsorption of ammonia onto R-Cu\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e were determined. The time-adsorption data were followed the pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models. Moreover, the resulting product (R-Cu(II)-amine composite) from the adsorption process exhibited high catalytic activity and could be applicable as low cost catalyst for enhancement the elimination of dyes from wastewater.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Ligand exchange used as double-edged sword for the removal of ammonia and dyes from wastewater","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2022-07-05 16:58:33","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1720551/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Major Revision","date":"2022-08-18T15:23:08+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2022-06-25T23:02:24+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2022-06-25T21:58:02+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","date":"2022-06-21T17:41:10+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2022-06-14T05:25:20+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","date":"2022-06-02T15:17:59+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"environmental-science-and-pollution-research","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"espr","sideBox":"Learn more about [Environmental Science and Pollution Research](https://www.springer.com/journal/11356)","snPcode":"11356","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11356/3","title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"013cfcf9-ff71-4eda-be8f-1c45f45ef227","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 5th, 2022","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2023-10-16T18:49:23+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-1720551","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-25677-3","journal":{"identity":"environmental-science-and-pollution-research","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},"publishedOn":"2023-02-08 18:45:03","publishedOnDateReadable":"February 8th, 2023"},"versionCreatedAt":"2022-07-05 16:58:33","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s11356-023-25677-3","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-25677-3","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-1720551","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-1720551","identity":"rs-1720551","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"WrCJVZZCHTDjtuVLN7oU0","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}