Clinical and pathogen features of infective endocarditis:A retrospective study of 111 episodes in a teaching hospital in southwest China

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This retrospective study analyzed 111 infective endocarditis cases in Southwest China, finding Streptococci and Staphylococcus as common pathogens and history of heart disease as a prognostic risk factor.

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This retrospective study analyzed 111 blood-culture–positive episodes of infective endocarditis at Westchina Hospital of Sichuan University from 2012–2017, using modified Duke criteria and collecting demographics, clinical/laboratory findings, echocardiography, pathogen identification, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and outcomes. Most cases were native valve endocarditis (100/111), predominantly left-heart infection (87/111), with common histories of congenital and rheumatic heart disease and frequent presenting features of fever (87.5%) and heart murmur (78.6%). Streptococci (20.7% as reported) and Staphylococcus spp (17.9%) were among the most common organisms, and reported susceptibility patterns included penicillin/erythromycin/clindamycin resistance among Streptococcus viridans with high mortality (75 deaths vs 36 survivors), with the paper stating regional epidemiology as a key takeaway; however, it is limited by being retrospective, single-hospital, and based on preprint (not peer reviewed). Relevance to endometriosis: the paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via an upstream keyword match for endometriosis-related terms in the search index.

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Abstract

Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a health-threaten infectious disease. Diverse and complicated etiology and causative microorganisms make IE difficult to diagnose and treat. As we know, current investigations of clinical and pathogen features of IE in West china are scarce. In this study, we aimed to investigate the epidemiology and pathogen characteristic of IE in our region. Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical and laboratory data was performed from all blood culture positive IE patients between 2012 to 2017 in Westchina Hospital of Sichuan University。The diagnosis is traditionally based on the modified Duke criteria. Results The mean age of the patient cohort was 40.7±21.5 years (ranging from 2-78); 73 cases (65.2%) were males and 39 cases (34.8%) were females. Of the 111 cases, 100 were native valve endocarditis (NVE) while 11 were prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE), 87 cases (78.4%) were left-heart infection. Congenital heart disease (28.6%) and rheumatic heart disease (11.6%) were most common history of heart disease. Primary clinical manifestations were fever (87.5%) and heart murmur (78.6%).Streptococci spp (20.7%) was the most common organism, followed by Staphylococcus spp(17.9%). Streptococcus viridians showed no resistance to penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin resistance rate were 47.4% and 40%. Benzocillin resistance rate of staphylococcus aureus to was 26.3%. Vancomycin or linezolid resistance staphylococcus aureus were not found. 75 patients died while 36 patients survived at last. With respect to risk factors, history of heart disease was the only prognostic risk factor (OR: 0.239, 95%CI 0.08-0.68) Conclusions Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of infective endocarditis are various and complex, distribution of pathogen is regional difference. Our research of infective endocarditis with bloodstream infection verified regional characteristics of infective endocarditis. The variations we observed in the study will be of important value to clinical preventive medication in our region.
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Clinical and pathogen features of infective endocarditis:A retrospective study of 111 episodes in a teaching hospital in southwest China | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research article Clinical and pathogen features of infective endocarditis:A retrospective study of 111 episodes in a teaching hospital in southwest China Yuanfang Wang, Mei Kang, Ya Liu, Siyin Wu, Weili Zhang, Jin Deng, and 5 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.2.9194/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Infective endocarditis (IE) is a health-threaten infectious disease. Diverse and complicated etiology and causative microorganisms make IE difficult to diagnose and treat. As we know, current investigations of clinical and pathogen features of IE in West china are scarce. In this study, we aimed to investigate the epidemiology and pathogen characteristic of IE in our region. Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical and laboratory data was performed from all blood culture positive IE patients between 2012 to 2017 in Westchina Hospital of Sichuan University。The diagnosis is traditionally based on the modified Duke criteria. Results The mean age of the patient cohort was 40.7±21.5 years (ranging from 2-78); 73 cases (65.2%) were males and 39 cases (34.8%) were females. Of the 111 cases, 100 were native valve endocarditis (NVE) while 11 were prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE), 87 cases (78.4%) were left-heart infection. Congenital heart disease (28.6%) and rheumatic heart disease (11.6%) were most common history of heart disease. Primary clinical manifestations were fever (87.5%) and heart murmur (78.6%).Streptococci spp (20.7%) was the most common organism, followed by Staphylococcus spp(17.9%). Streptococcus viridians showed no resistance to penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin resistance rate were 47.4% and 40%. Benzocillin resistance rate of staphylococcus aureus to was 26.3%. Vancomycin or linezolid resistance staphylococcus aureus were not found. 75 patients died while 36 patients survived at last. With respect to risk factors, history of heart disease was the only prognostic risk factor (OR: 0.239, 95%CI 0.08-0.68) Conclusions Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of infective endocarditis are various and complex, distribution of pathogen is regional difference. Our research of infective endocarditis with bloodstream infection verified regional characteristics of infective endocarditis. The variations we observed in the study will be of important value to clinical preventive medication in our region. Internal Medicine Specialties Infective endocarditis pathogen Clinical manifestations,southwest China Figures Figure 1 Background Infective Endocarditis (IE) is an infection of heart valves or a ventricular endocardium caused by bacteria, fungus and other microorganisms, such as viruses, rickettsia, chlamydia, and spirochetes. As a rapid and reproducible method, blood culture is the best way to acquire pathogen in patients with IE. A new guideline for the management of IE was published by the Annual Congress of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) in 2009 1 ,which shows regional differences in the clinical characteristics of endocarditis. As the most famous hospital in southwest China, Westchina hospital receives and treats patients of han nationality and ethnic minorities in southwest China. The types of patients have their own characteristics compared with other regions. Since there is no large retrospective study on regional epidemic characteristics in southwest China, purpose of this study was to investigate clinical characteristics of infective endocarditis and the epidemiological characteristics of pathogens in this region. Methods Study sample A retrospective analysis was performed of clinical data collected from 111 cases clinically diagnosed IE with positive blood culture at Westchina Hospital of Sichuan University from Jan 2012 to Dec 2017. The data of retrospective analysis included general information, history of heart disease, clinical manifestations and laboratory findings (taken at the time of first presentation at the hospital), pathogen and outcome. Pathogen i dentification and antibiotic sensitivity test (AST) Identification and AST of pathogens were conducted by VITEK-2, ATB FUNGUS 3, and API 20C (BioMerieux, France). Statistical method All data were analyzed using the SPSS version 21.0 software (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results General characteristics. A total of 100 patients with NVE and 11 patients with PVE were included in our study.73 patients were male (65.2%) and 38 patients were female (34.8%). The mean age was 40.7±21.5 years, with a range from 12-78 years. 1 patient had a history of intravenous drug use(IDU).51 patients (46.4%) had history of heart disease, include 32 congenital heart disease (CHD), 13 rheumatic heart disease(RHD) ,2 coronary artery disease(CAD) and 4 valvulopathy.4 cases were hospital acquire infection (3 cases were infection after flap replacement, 1 case was infection caused by streptococcus sepsis), the remaining 107 cases were community acquire infection. The most common symptom of IE patients was fever(87.5%),followed by cardiac murmurs(78.6%) .(Table 1) Laboratory Findings. 66 cases(58.9%) had leukocytosis ; 95 cases(84.8%) had exhibited N%( neutrophil percentage) increased,89 cases(79.5%),61 cases(54.5%) and 82 cases(73.2%) had PCT,ESR and CRP increased respectively. (Table 1) Echocardiographic Findings. All the 111 patients underwent transthoracic heart color doppler ultrasound (TTE). 87 patients were left heart vegetations, including 36 cases of mitral valve vegetations, 46 cases of aortic valve vegetations, 5 cases of mixed mitral and aortic valve vegetations, and 1 case of left atrial wall vegetations. 18 patients were right heart vegetations, including 12 cases of tricuspid valve vegetations,6 cases of pulmonary valve vegetations and 2 cases of mesh vegetation. Descending aortic vegetations were found in 1 patient and no vegetations were found in 4 patients. (Table 1) Among the 46 patients with aortic valve vegetation, 82.6% were associated with mild, moderate and severe aortic valve regurgitation (10 cases, 7 cases and 21 cases, respectively).Among the 36 cases of mitral valve vegetations, 75.0% were associated with mild, moderate and severe mitral regurgitation (4 cases, 11 cases and 12 cases, respectively).In the 12 cases with tricuspid valve vegetations, 75% of them were associated with moderate and severe tricuspid regurgitation, which were 3 cases and 6 cases respectively. Among the 5 cases of pulmonary valve vegetations, 1 was severe, 1 was moderate and 1 was mild reflux. Among the 5 patients with multiple valve excrescences, 1 patient had severe mitral regurgitation and 4 patients had multiple valve regurgitation. The other 8 cases were 2 cases of ventricular septal mesh vegetation,1 case of descending aorta vegetation and 1 case of left atrial wall vegetation, 4 cases of no vegetation and 5 cases of no reflux.(figure 1) it can be seen that although the damaged valves are different, they are all dominated by severe reflux, which has a great impact on heart function. Results General characteristics. A total of 100 patients with NVE and 11 patients with PVE were included in our study.73 patients were male (65.2%) and 38 patients were female (34.8%). The mean age was 40.7±21.5 years, with a range from 12-78 years. 1 patient had a history of intravenous drug use(IDU).51 patients (46.4%) had history of heart disease, include 32 congenital heart disease (CHD), 13 rheumatic heart disease(RHD) ,2 coronary artery disease(CAD) and 4 valvulopathy.4 cases were hospital acquire infection (3 cases were infection after flap replacement, 1 case was infection caused by streptococcus sepsis), the remaining 107 cases were community acquire infection. The most common symptom of IE patients was fever(87.5%),followed by cardiac murmurs(78.6%) .(Table 1) Laboratory Findings. 66 cases(58.9%) had leukocytosis ; 95 cases(84.8%) had exhibited N%( neutrophil percentage) increased,89 cases(79.5%),61 cases(54.5%) and 82 cases(73.2%) had PCT,ESR and CRP increased respectively. (Table 1) Echocardiographic Findings. All the 111 patients underwent transthoracic heart color doppler ultrasound (TTE). 87 patients were left heart vegetations, including 36 cases of mitral valve vegetations, 46 cases of aortic valve vegetations, 5 cases of mixed mitral and aortic valve vegetations, and 1 case of left atrial wall vegetations. 18 patients were right heart vegetations, including 12 cases of tricuspid valve vegetations,6 cases of pulmonary valve vegetations and 2 cases of mesh vegetation. Descending aortic vegetations were found in 1 patient and no vegetations were found in 4 patients. (Table 1) Among the 46 patients with aortic valve vegetation, 82.6% were associated with mild, moderate and severe aortic valve regurgitation (10 cases, 7 cases and 21 cases, respectively).Among the 36 cases of mitral valve vegetations, 75.0% were associated with mild, moderate and severe mitral regurgitation (4 cases, 11 cases and 12 cases, respectively).In the 12 cases with tricuspid valve vegetations, 75% of them were associated with moderate and severe tricuspid regurgitation, which were 3 cases and 6 cases respectively. Among the 5 cases of pulmonary valve vegetations, 1 was severe, 1 was moderate and 1 was mild reflux. Among the 5 patients with multiple valve excrescences, 1 patient had severe mitral regurgitation and 4 patients had multiple valve regurgitation. The other 8 cases were 2 cases of ventricular septal mesh vegetation,1 case of descending aorta vegetation and 1 case of left atrial wall vegetation, 4 cases of no vegetation and 5 cases of no reflux.(figure 1) it can be seen that although the damaged valves are different, they are all dominated by severe reflux, which has a great impact on heart function. Microbiological findings. Streptococci spp (59.5%) and Staphylococcus spp (25.2%) were the most common pathogen found in bloodstream of IE patients (Table 2). Isolation rate of Streptococci spp is higher than Staphylococcus spp in 100 NVE patients, and Staphylococcus spp is higher than Streptococci spp in 11 prosthetic valve endocarditis patients(P<0.05). Staphylococcus aureus has no sensitive to penicillin, resistance rate of erythromycin and clindamycin were 52.5% and 33.3%, resistance rate of other antibiotics were not more than 30%, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was 26.3%. Coagulase negative staphylococcus (CNS) had no sensitive to penicillin and methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococcus (MRCNS) was 75%, and resistance rate of other antibiotics was not exceeding 30% (table 3). Resistance rate of Streptococcus viridans and streptococcus angina to erythromycin, azithromycin, clindamycin and tetracycline were over 30 %.( table 4). Gram-Negative strains were only 7 cases and no statistical significance could be found. P rognosis At last, 75 patients survived and 36 patients died In 111 patients of our study. Using a logistic regression analysis, we determined that history of heart disease was the only prognostic risk factors (OR: 0.239,95%CI 0.08-0.68)(table 5) Discussion The incidence rate of IE is between 2-7.9 per 100,000 people 2 , 3 , and has remained stable 4 . Although relatively rare, IE continues to be characterized by increased morbidity and mortality and is now the third or fourth most common life-threatening infection syndrome. 5 In 2010, IE was associated with 1.58 million disability-adjusted life-years or years of healthy life lost, as a result of death and nonfatal illness or impairment worldwide 6 . The demographics of patients affected by IE have shifted in recent years, with an increase in mean patient age, an increase in the proportion of patients with prosthetic valves and other cardiac devices, and a decrease in the proportion of patients with rheumatic heart disease 6 , 7 . The average age of the patients in this study was 40.7 years old, 49.1% of the patients were over 40 years old, and 65.2% of the patients were male,and congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common cardiac disease history that showed in IE patients, a same idea we could find in the research of Fefer P, which considered no-rheumatic valvular heart disease of the elderly was the most common underlying factor. 8 In this study , lung infection is the leading clinical features in IE patients without heart disease history,. It was similar to the studies of Aylin Tugcu. 9 .Electrocardiogram showed that valvular vegetations were mainly generated in the left heart, and most of them were accompanied with varying degrees regurgitation. Some infectious markers, such as CRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and neutrophil, may contribute to early detection of the disease. 10 In this study, more than 50% patients accompany with WBC, N% ESR, PCT and CRP increased , infectious indicators may be used as an auxiliary basis for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis 4 , 11 . .However, due to the poor specificity of various infectious indicators 4 , pathogen culture and electrocardiogram are required as the final basis for the diagnosis of IE 12 Staphylococcus spp is the most common cause of IE, followed by Streptococci spp 13 , 14 .Staphylococcus spp associate IE has became increasingly common in most industrialized countries because of increased medical intervention 5 ; meanwhile Streptococci spp has became less 15 , 16 . the presence of S. aureus bacteremia should be considered a major criterion, regardless of whether the infection is nosocomially acquired or whether a removable source of infection is present 17 . In the studies from Spain 18 , more than one third of IE cases were related to medical treatment, and the main pathogen of these patients was staphylococcus, however, pathogens may vary in different areas. 11 , 19 , 20 . in our study, the most common pathogen was Streptococcus viridans (20.7%), followed by staphylococcus aureus 18.0%.This prevalence pattern differs significantly from studies before. This may be related to economic development 21 . Patients of our research selected crowd in the southwest China where economic level and medical conditions is weak 5 , few patients had medical treatment. Study from Jerusalem 22 shows that staphylococcus often exists in medical care IE patients while more streptococci is found from community infection. Study from Lauren Hartman et al. showed that 23 staphylococcus aureus is the most common in patients with IDU-IE, while streptococcus is more common in patients without IDU-IE, only 1 patient had IDU history In our study. Above may be the reasons for the difference in distribution of pathogens. It is also reported 21 that this difference may be due to adhesion molecules from Streptococcus viridans and staphylococcus aureus, which are related to the presence of surface adhesion factors on valve surfaces or in favor of bacterial colonization. Indicate in European endocarditis management guidance, only for part of patients with congenital heart disease or valvular surgery, preventive use of antibiotics was necessary, 10 Empirical treatment may include vancomycin or ampicillin/ Sulbactam and aminoglycosides 24 , but ultimately antibiotic treatment options need to be based on antibiotic sensitive test. In this study, neither staphylococcus nor streptococcus showed resistance to vancomycin, vancomycin could be used as a preventive treatment antibiotic. The resistance rate of staphylococcus and streptococcus to erythromycin, azithromycin, clindamycin and tetracycline are all over 30%, and it is not recommended to use in the experience of treatment. To further explore the impact of the major death factors, the following information is included in the analysis model: gender, age ≥ 60 years, history of heart disease, PVE, Vegetative site and some lab data. Our results indicates that only history of heart disease is major risk factors for the prognosis of IE patients(OR:0.01,95%CI:0.08-0.68),while some study indicated that age ≥ 60 years (OR = 6.861, 0.94–50.1), congestive heart failure (OR = 8.854, 1.34–54.7), diabetes (OR = 7.224, 1.17–44.7), and Staphylococcus aureus or negative tuberculosis infection (OR = 18.81, 2.39–148.2) were major risk factors for the prognosis of IE patients. 21 This may be related to regional differences in studies. Conclusions Our study summarized the clinical and pathogenic characteristics of endocarditis patients in southwest China, and found that history of cardiac disease has an impact on the prognosis of patients Abbreviations IE:Infective endocarditis NVE:Native valve endocarditis PVE:Prosthetic valve endocarditis ESC:The European Society of Cardiology CHD:Congenital heart disease RHD:Rheumatic heart disease CAD:Coronary artery disease TTE:Transthoracic heart color doppler ultrasound MRSA:Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus CNS:Coagulase negative staphylococcus MRCNS:Methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococcus Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate : Ethical approval was given by Westchina Hospital of Sichuan University Biomedical Ethics Committee with the following approval number: 203(2015). Consent for publication :Not applicable Availability of data and materials Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study. Competing interests the authors declare that they have no competing interests Funding These authors received no specific grant from any founding agency in the public, commercial, or-not-for-profit sectors. Authors' contributions: Conception:MK design of the work:MK,YFW,ZXC the acquisition, analysis:YL,SYW,WLZ interpretation of data:YFW,JD,YLX,YX drafted the work or substantively revised it:MK,CH,YM Acknowledgments : The author thanks the medical technologists of the Microbiology laboratory for the technical assistance. References Habib G, Hoen B, Tornos P, Thuny F, Prendergast B, Vilacosta I , et al. 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Li JS, Sexton DJ, Mick N, Nettles R, Fowler VG, Jr., Ryan T , et al. Proposed modifications to the Duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Clin Infect Dis. Apr 2000;30(4):633-638. Fernandez-Hidalgo N, Tornos Mas P. Epidemiology of infective endocarditis in Spain in the last 20 years. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). Sep 2013;66(9):728-733. Senthilkumar S, Menon T, Subramanian G. Epidemiology of infective endocarditis in Chennai, South India. Indian J Med Sci. Apr 2010;64(4):187-191. Marks DJ, Hyams C, Koo CY, Pavlou M, Robbins J, Koo CS , et al. Clinical features, microbiology and surgical outcomes of infective endocarditis: a 13-year study from a UK tertiary cardiothoracic referral centre. QJM. Mar 2015;108(3):219-229. Zhu W, Zhang Q, Zhang J. The changing epidemiology and clinical features of infective endocarditis: A retrospective study of 196 episodes in a teaching hospital in China. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. May 8 2017;17(1):113. Korem M, Israel S, Gilon D, Cahan A, Moses AE, Block C , et al. Epidemiology of infective endocarditis in a tertiary-center in Jerusalem: a 3-year prospective survey. Eur J Intern Med. Jul 2014;25(6):550-555. Hartman L, Barnes E, Bachmann L, Schafer K, Lovato J, Files DC. Opiate Injection-associated Infective Endocarditis in the Southeastern United States. Am J Med Sci. Dec 2016;352(6):603-608. Harrison JL, Prendergast BD, Habib G. The European society of cardiology 2009 guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infective endocarditis: key messages for clinical practice. Pol Arch Med Wewn. Dec 2009;119(12):773-776. Tables All IE patients NVE patients PVE patients P value age(year) 38.9 38.8 39.5 NS male 73(65.2) 70(70.7) 3(25) <0.05 Basic heart disease CHD ( % ) 32(28.6) 29(29.3) 3(25) NS RHD ( % ) 13(11.6) 8(8.1) 5(41.6) <0.05 CAD ( % ) 2(1.8) 2(2) 0(0) NS valvulopathy ( % ) 4 ( 3.6 ) 3 ( 3 ) 1 ( 8.3 ) NS other ( % ) 7 ( 6.2 ) 4 ( 4 ) 3 ( 25 ) NS No basic heart disease ( % ) 60 ( 48.2 ) 54 ( 54 ) 6 ( 54.5 ) NS symptom fever ( % ) 98(87.5) 87(87.9) 11(91.7) NS cardiac murmurs ( % ) 88(78.6) 81(81.8) 7(58.3) NS algor ( % ) 46(41.1) 40(40.4) 6(50) NS dyspnea ( % ) 44(39.3) 40(40.4) 4(33.3) NS palpitation ( % ) 40(35.7) 36(36.4) 4(33.3) NS Chest pain ( % ) 11(9.8) 10(10.1) 1(8.3) NS Vegetation place Left heart ( % ) 88 ( 78.6 ) 79 ( 79.8 ) 9 ( 75 ) NS mitral valve ( % ) 36 ( 32.1 ) 32 ( 32.3 ) 4 ( 33.3 ) NS aortic valve ( % ) 46 ( 41.1 ) 41 ( 41.4 ) 5 ( 41.6 ) NS mitral valve and aortic valve (%) 5 ( 4.5 ) 5 ( 5 ) 0 ( 0 ) NS L eft atrial wall(%) 1 ( 0.9 ) 1 ( 1 ) 0 ( 0 ) NS Right heart ( % ) 18 ( 16.1 ) 18 ( 18.2 ) 0 ( 0 ) NS tricuspid valve (%) 12 ( 10.7 ) 12 ( 12.1 ) 0 ( 0 ) NS pulmonic valve (%) 6 ( 5.4 ) 6 ( 6 ) 0 ( 0 ) NS Other position ( % ) 3 ( 2.7 ) mesh vegetation(%) 2 ( 1.8 ) 0 ( 0 ) 2 ( 16.6 ) NS Descending aortic vegetations(%) 1 ( 0.9 ) 1 ( 1 ) 0 ( 0 ) NS no vegetations(%) 3 ( 2.7 ) 2 ( 2 ) 1 ( 8.3 ) NS Valve replacement before admission(%) 10 ( 8.9 ) 0 ( 0 ) 10 ( 83.3 ) <0.05 Laboratory findings WBC increase ( % ) 66(58.9) 58(58.6) 8(66.7) NS N% increase ( % ) 95(84.8) 85(85.6) 10(83.3) NS PCT increase ( % ) 89(79.5) 79(79.8) 10(83.3) NS ESR increase ( % ) 61(54.5) 56(56.6) 5(41.6) NS CRP increase ( % ) 82(73.2) 74(74.7) 8(66.7) NS Death 36(32.4) 30(30.3) 6(50) 0.331 Table 1 baseline data and laboratory findings of patients with IE All IE patients NVE patients PVE patients P value Gram-Positive Cocci (%) 96 ( 86.5 ) 87 ( 87.9% ) 9 ( 75 ) NS streptococcus (%) 66 ( 59.5 ) 63 ( 63.6 ) 3 ( 25 ) <0.05 streptococcus viridans (%) 23 ( 20.7 ) 23 ( 23.2 ) 0 ( 0 ) NS Streptococcus anginosus (%) 13 ( 11.7 ) 11 ( 11.1 ) 2 ( 16.6 ) NS Other Streptococcus (%) 30 ( 27.0 ) 29 ( 29.3 ) 1 ( 8.3 ) <0.05 staphylococcus (%) 28 ( 25.2 ) 22 ( 22.2 ) 6 ( 50 ) <0.05 staphylococcus aureus (%) 20 ( 18.0 ) 17 ( 17.2 ) 3 ( 25 ) NS CNS (%) 8 ( 7.2 ) 5 ( 5.1 ) 3 ( 25 ) <0.05 enterococcus (%) 2 ( 1.8 ) 2 ( 2.0 ) 0 ( 0 ) NS Gram Negative Bacilli ( % ) 9 ( 8.1 ) 8 ( 8.1 ) 1 ( 8.3 ) NS Escherichia coli ( % ) 5 ( 4.5 ) 4 ( 4.0 ) 1 ( 8.3 ) NS other Gram Negative Bacilli ( % ) 4 ( 3.6 ) 4 ( 4.0 ) 0 ( 0 ) NS Gram Positive Bacilli ( % ) 1 ( 0.9 ) 1 ( 1.0 ) 0 ( 0 ) NS fungus (%) 5 ( 4.5 ) 3 ( 3.0 ) 2 ( 16.6 ) <0.05 Total 111 99 12 Table 2 distribution of pathogen in patients with IE Antibiotic staphylococcus aureus CNS number resistance rate ( % ) number resistance rate ( % ) Penicillin G 19 100 8 100 oxacillin 19 26.3 8 75 erythrocin 19 52.6 8 25 clindamycin 18 33.3 8 12.5 Ciprofloxacin 19 10.5 8 0 levofloxacin 19 0 8 0 vancomycin 19 0 9 0 linezolid 19 0 9 0 tetracycline 19 15.8 9 22.2 Table 3 sensitivity of staphylococcus in patients with IE Antibiotic streptococcus viridans streptococcus anginosus number resistance rate ( % ) number resistance rate ( % ) Penicillin G 10 0 8 12.5 cefotaxime 11 0 4 25 cefepime 11 0 3 0 erythrocin 19 47.4 12 83.3 azithromycin 21 40 11 63.6 levofloxacin 10 0 6 16.7 clindamycin 10 40 5 100 tetracycline 18 38.9 9 66.7 chloramphenicol 17 0 10 0 vancomycin 23 0 13 0 Table 4 sensitivity of staphylococcal in patients with IE P OR 95% CI of OR gender 0.85 1.107 0.39-3.18 Age ≥ 60(years) 0.46 0.569 0.13-2.54 Basic heart disease 0.01 0.239 0.08-0.68 PVE 0.84 1.163 0.28-4.86 Vegetation place 0.68 -- -- WBC increase 0.19 2.375 0.65-8.71 N% increase 0.39 0.498 0.10-2.48 PCT increase 0.35 1.771 0.54-5.85 CRP increase 0.42 0.662 0.24-1.79 Staphylococcus aureus or negative bacilli 0.87 1.090 0.38-3.14 T able 5 Death risk factor analysis in IE patients Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Kang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAuElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACCSglx8BMqhZjkrUwJDYQq4NBsv3s4Vc3KizS57fzHvzAUGMTTVCLNE9emnXOGYncDYf5kiUYjqXlErROjiHHzDi3DaiFmcdAgrHhMBFa+N8AtfyTSJdv5jH+QZQWaYkc48e5DRIJDId5zIizRXLGGzPmnGMShhuAWiwSiPGLxPkc4885NXXy8v1njG98qLEhrAUI2CTgzAQilIMA8wciFY6CUTAKRsFIBQAEtjd6/VCwHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mei","middleName":"","lastName":"Kang","suffix":""},{"id":82849,"identity":"dddb95bd-9cff-464b-bbff-d43014bd9fbf","order_by":3,"name":"Ya Liu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"westchina hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ya","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""},{"id":82850,"identity":"0b741d9e-0c22-4683-9b1f-e4e8f895e95f","order_by":4,"name":"Siyin Wu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"westchina hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Siyin","middleName":"","lastName":"Wu","suffix":""},{"id":82851,"identity":"d2594259-0ae9-42a3-baf2-c27904461e98","order_by":5,"name":"Weili Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Westchina hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Weili","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":82852,"identity":"f3b8a5cb-a283-4098-a98e-9e4e51360c0f","order_by":6,"name":"Jin Deng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Westchina hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jin","middleName":"","lastName":"Deng","suffix":""},{"id":82853,"identity":"22518802-6e70-4f28-93ec-f716155d8cde","order_by":7,"name":"Yulin Xiao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Westchina hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yulin","middleName":"","lastName":"Xiao","suffix":""},{"id":82854,"identity":"89b34381-2413-44fa-9e98-e70e85865884","order_by":8,"name":"Yi Xie","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Westchina hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yi","middleName":"","lastName":"Xie","suffix":""},{"id":82855,"identity":"8457964c-144b-4e68-8223-dda0043902dd","order_by":9,"name":"Chao He","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Westchina hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chao","middleName":"","lastName":"He","suffix":""},{"id":82856,"identity":"a34973b7-ac8f-46a5-b2ba-6d064dfaeaae","order_by":10,"name":"Zhixing Chen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Westchina hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhixing","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":82857,"identity":"f4f4c2f2-ae80-47e2-b058-1f441b56cb0b","order_by":11,"name":"Ying Ma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Westchina hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ying","middleName":"","lastName":"Ma","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2019-04-15 13:28:05","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.2.9194/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.9194/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":2610799,"identity":"9bd7a1f8-0cd0-4266-8d84-112a0e46dcd8","added_by":"dbe1c910-fa3f-4a3a-a5c6-af99624d3e99","created_at":"2020-09-25 20:51:52","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":81782,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Blood reflux of Infective endocarditis patients.","description":"","filename":"figure1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-624/v1/figure_1.png"},{"id":13466360,"identity":"b0f8e551-aad9-4338-98a4-c443a94a6b40","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-16 20:50:34","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":401416,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-624/v1/dcad5ede-01f6-41c7-b287-2edaecd2eca2.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Clinical and pathogen features of infective endocarditis:A retrospective study of 111 episodes in a teaching hospital in southwest China","fulltext":[{"header":"Background","content":"\u003cp\u003eInfective Endocarditis (IE) is an infection of heart valves or a ventricular endocardium caused by bacteria, fungus and other microorganisms, such as viruses, rickettsia, chlamydia, and spirochetes. As a rapid and reproducible method, blood culture is the best way to acquire pathogen in patients with IE. A new guideline for the management of IE was published by the Annual Congress of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) in 2009\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_1\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e ,which shows regional differences in the clinical characteristics of endocarditis. As the most famous hospital in southwest China, Westchina hospital receives and treats patients of han nationality and ethnic minorities in southwest China. The types of patients have their own characteristics compared with other regions. \u0026nbsp;Since there is no large retrospective study on regional epidemic characteristics in southwest China, purpose of this study was to investigate clinical characteristics of infective endocarditis and the epidemiological characteristics of pathogens in this region.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy sample\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA retrospective analysis was performed of clinical data collected from 111 cases clinically diagnosed IE with positive blood culture at Westchina Hospital of Sichuan University from Jan 2012 to Dec 2017. The data of retrospective analysis included general information, history of heart disease, clinical manifestations and laboratory findings (taken at the time of first presentation at the hospital), pathogen and outcome.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePathogen i\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edentification\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e and antibiotic sensitivity test (AST)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIdentification and AST of pathogens were conducted by VITEK-2, ATB FUNGUS 3, and API 20C (BioMerieux, France).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStatistical method\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll data were analyzed using the SPSS version 21.0 software (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeneral characteristics. \u003c/strong\u003eA total of 100 patients with NVE and 11 patients with PVE were included in our study.73 patients were male (65.2%) and 38 patients were female (34.8%). The mean age was 40.7\u0026plusmn;21.5 years, with a range from 12-78 years. 1 patient had a history of intravenous drug use(IDU).51 patients (46.4%) had history of heart disease, include 32 congenital\u0026nbsp;heart\u0026nbsp;disease (CHD), 13 rheumatic\u0026nbsp;heart\u0026nbsp;disease(RHD) ,2 coronary artery disease(CAD) and 4 valvulopathy.4 cases were hospital acquire infection (3 cases were infection after flap replacement, 1 case was infection caused by streptococcus sepsis), the remaining 107 cases were community acquire infection. The most common symptom of IE patients was fever(87.5%),followed by cardiac murmurs(78.6%) .(Table 1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLaboratory Findings. \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e66 cases(58.9%) had leukocytosis ; 95 cases(84.8%) had exhibited N%( neutrophil percentage) increased,89 cases(79.5%),61 cases(54.5%) and 82 cases(73.2%) had PCT,ESR and CRP increased respectively. (Table 1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEchocardiographic Findings. \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll the 111 patients underwent transthoracic heart color doppler ultrasound (TTE). 87 patients were left heart vegetations, including 36 cases of mitral valve vegetations, 46 cases of aortic valve vegetations, 5 cases of mixed mitral and aortic valve vegetations, and 1 case of left atrial wall vegetations. 18 patients were right heart vegetations, including 12 cases of tricuspid valve vegetations,6 cases of pulmonary valve vegetations and 2 cases of mesh vegetation. Descending aortic vegetations were found in 1 patient and no vegetations were found in 4 patients. (Table 1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAmong the 46 patients with aortic valve vegetation, 82.6% were associated with mild, moderate and severe aortic valve regurgitation (10 cases, 7 cases and 21 cases, respectively).Among the 36 cases of mitral valve vegetations, 75.0% were associated with mild, moderate and severe mitral regurgitation (4 cases, 11 cases and 12 cases, respectively).In the 12 cases with tricuspid valve vegetations, 75% of them were associated with moderate and severe tricuspid regurgitation, which were 3 cases and 6 cases respectively. Among the 5 cases of pulmonary valve vegetations, 1 was severe, 1 was moderate and 1 was mild reflux. Among the 5 patients with multiple valve excrescences, 1 patient had severe mitral regurgitation and 4 patients had multiple valve regurgitation. The other 8 cases were 2 cases of ventricular septal mesh vegetation,1 case of descending aorta vegetation and 1 case of left atrial wall vegetation, 4 cases of no vegetation and 5 cases of no reflux.(figure 1) it can be seen that although the damaged valves are different, they are all dominated by severe reflux, which has a great impact on heart function.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeneral characteristics. \u003c/strong\u003eA total of 100 patients with NVE and 11 patients with PVE were included in our study.73 patients were male (65.2%) and 38 patients were female (34.8%). The mean age was 40.7\u0026plusmn;21.5 years, with a range from 12-78 years. 1 patient had a history of intravenous drug use(IDU).51 patients (46.4%) had history of heart disease, include 32 congenital\u0026nbsp;heart\u0026nbsp;disease (CHD), 13 rheumatic\u0026nbsp;heart\u0026nbsp;disease(RHD) ,2 coronary artery disease(CAD) and 4 valvulopathy.4 cases were hospital acquire infection (3 cases were infection after flap replacement, 1 case was infection caused by streptococcus sepsis), the remaining 107 cases were community acquire infection. The most common symptom of IE patients was fever(87.5%),followed by cardiac murmurs(78.6%) .(Table 1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLaboratory Findings. \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e66 cases(58.9%) had leukocytosis ; 95 cases(84.8%) had exhibited N%( neutrophil percentage) increased,89 cases(79.5%),61 cases(54.5%) and 82 cases(73.2%) had PCT,ESR and CRP increased respectively. (Table 1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEchocardiographic Findings. \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll the 111 patients underwent transthoracic heart color doppler ultrasound (TTE). 87 patients were left heart vegetations, including 36 cases of mitral valve vegetations, 46 cases of aortic valve vegetations, 5 cases of mixed mitral and aortic valve vegetations, and 1 case of left atrial wall vegetations. 18 patients were right heart vegetations, including 12 cases of tricuspid valve vegetations,6 cases of pulmonary valve vegetations and 2 cases of mesh vegetation. Descending aortic vegetations were found in 1 patient and no vegetations were found in 4 patients. (Table 1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAmong the 46 patients with aortic valve vegetation, 82.6% were associated with mild, moderate and severe aortic valve regurgitation (10 cases, 7 cases and 21 cases, respectively).Among the 36 cases of mitral valve vegetations, 75.0% were associated with mild, moderate and severe mitral regurgitation (4 cases, 11 cases and 12 cases, respectively).In the 12 cases with tricuspid valve vegetations, 75% of them were associated with moderate and severe tricuspid regurgitation, which were 3 cases and 6 cases respectively. Among the 5 cases of pulmonary valve vegetations, 1 was severe, 1 was moderate and 1 was mild reflux. Among the 5 patients with multiple valve excrescences, 1 patient had severe mitral regurgitation and 4 patients had multiple valve regurgitation. The other 8 cases were 2 cases of ventricular septal mesh vegetation,1 case of descending aorta vegetation and 1 case of left atrial wall vegetation, 4 cases of no vegetation and 5 cases of no reflux.(figure 1) it can be seen that although the damaged valves are different, they are all dominated by severe reflux, which has a great impact on heart function.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMicrobiological findings. \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStreptococci spp (59.5%) and Staphylococcus spp (25.2%) were the most common pathogen found in bloodstream of IE patients (Table 2). Isolation rate of Streptococci spp is higher than Staphylococcus spp in 100 NVE patients, and Staphylococcus spp is higher than Streptococci spp in 11 prosthetic valve endocarditis patients(P\u0026lt;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStaphylococcus aureus has no sensitive to penicillin, resistance rate of erythromycin and clindamycin were 52.5% and 33.3%, resistance rate of other antibiotics were not more than 30%, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was 26.3%. Coagulase negative staphylococcus (CNS) had no sensitive to penicillin and methicillin-resistant\u0026nbsp;coagulase negative staphylococcus (MRCNS) was 75%, and resistance rate of other antibiotics was not exceeding 30% (table 3). Resistance rate of Streptococcus viridans and streptococcus angina to erythromycin, azithromycin, clindamycin and tetracycline were over 30 %.( table 4). Gram-Negative strains were only 7 cases and no statistical significance could be found.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003erognosis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt last, 75 patients survived and 36 patients died In 111 patients of our study. Using a logistic regression analysis, we determined that history of heart disease was the only prognostic risk factors (OR: 0.239,95%CI 0.08-0.68)(table 5)\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe incidence rate of IE is between 2-7.9 per 100,000 people\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_2\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003csup\u003e, \u003c/sup\u003e\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_3\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, and has remained stable\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_4\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;Although relatively rare, IE continues to be characterized by increased morbidity and mortality and is now the third or fourth most common life-threatening infection syndrome.\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_5\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e In 2010, IE was associated with 1.58 million disability-adjusted life-years or years of healthy life lost, as a result of death and nonfatal illness or impairment worldwide \u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_6\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e. The demographics of patients affected by IE have shifted in recent years, with an increase in mean patient age, an increase in the proportion of patients with prosthetic valves and other cardiac devices, and a decrease in the proportion of patients with rheumatic heart disease \u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_6\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003csup\u003e, \u003c/sup\u003e\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_7\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e7\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e. The average age of the patients in this study was 40.7 years old, 49.1% of the patients were over 40 years old, and 65.2% of the patients were male,and congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common cardiac disease history that showed in IE patients, a same idea we could find in the research of Fefer P, which considered no-rheumatic valvular heart disease of the elderly was the most common underlying factor.\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_8\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this study , lung infection is the leading clinical features \u0026nbsp;in IE patients without heart disease history,. It was similar to the studies of Aylin Tugcu.\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_9\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e9\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.Electrocardiogram showed that valvular vegetations were mainly generated in the left heart, and most of them were accompanied with varying degrees regurgitation. Some infectious markers, such as CRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and neutrophil, may contribute to early detection of the disease.\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_10\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e10\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e In this study, more than 50% patients accompany with WBC, N% ESR, PCT and CRP increased , infectious indicators may be used as an auxiliary basis for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_4\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003csup\u003e, \u003c/sup\u003e\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_11\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e11\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003csup\u003e.\u003c/sup\u003e .However, due to the poor specificity of various infectious indicators\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_4\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, pathogen culture and electrocardiogram are required as the final basis for the diagnosis of IE\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_12\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e12\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Staphylococcus spp is the most common cause of IE, followed by Streptococci spp\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_13\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003csup\u003e, \u003c/sup\u003e\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_14\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e14\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.Staphylococcus spp associate IE has became increasingly common in most industrialized countries because of increased medical intervention\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_5\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e; meanwhile Streptococci spp has became less\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_15\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e15\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003csup\u003e, \u003c/sup\u003e\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_16\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e16\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e. the presence of\u0026nbsp;S. aureus\u0026nbsp;bacteremia should be considered a major criterion, regardless of whether the infection is nosocomially acquired or whether a removable source of infection is present\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_17\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e17\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e In the studies from Spain\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_18\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e18\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, more than one third of IE cases were related to medical treatment, and the main pathogen of these patients was staphylococcus, however, pathogens may vary in different areas.\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_11\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e11\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003csup\u003e, \u003c/sup\u003e\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_19\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e19\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003csup\u003e, \u003c/sup\u003e\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_20\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e20\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e. \u0026nbsp;in our study, the most common pathogen was Streptococcus viridans (20.7%), followed by staphylococcus aureus 18.0%.This prevalence pattern differs significantly from studies before. This may be related to economic development\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_21\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e21\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e. Patients of our research selected crowd in the southwest China where economic level and medical conditions is weak\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_5\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, few patients had medical treatment. Study from Jerusalem\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_22\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e22\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e shows that staphylococcus often exists in medical care IE patients while more streptococci is found from community infection. Study from Lauren Hartman et al. showed that\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_23\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e23\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e staphylococcus aureus is the most common in patients with IDU-IE, while streptococcus is more common in patients without IDU-IE, only 1 patient had\u0026nbsp;IDU history In our study. Above may be the reasons for the difference in distribution of pathogens. It is also reported\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_21\"\u003e21\u003c/a\u003e that this difference may be due to adhesion molecules from Streptococcus viridans and staphylococcus aureus, which are related to the presence of surface adhesion factors on valve surfaces or in favor of bacterial colonization.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIndicate in \u0026nbsp;European endocarditis management guidance, only for part of patients with congenital heart disease or valvular surgery, preventive use of antibiotics was necessary,\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_10\"\u003e10\u003c/a\u003e Empirical treatment may include vancomycin or ampicillin/ Sulbactam and aminoglycosides\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_24\"\u003e24\u003c/a\u003e, but ultimately antibiotic treatment options need to be based on antibiotic sensitive test. In this study, neither staphylococcus nor streptococcus showed resistance to vancomycin, vancomycin could be used as a preventive treatment antibiotic. The resistance rate of staphylococcus and streptococcus to erythromycin, azithromycin, clindamycin and tetracycline are all over 30%, and it is not recommended to use in the experience of treatment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo further explore the impact of the major death factors, the following information is included in the analysis model: gender, age \u0026ge; 60 years, history of heart disease, PVE, Vegetative site and some lab data. Our results indicates that only history of heart disease is major risk factors for the prognosis of IE patients(OR:0.01,95%CI:0.08-0.68),while some study indicated that age\u0026nbsp;\u0026ge;\u0026nbsp;60\u0026nbsp;years (OR\u0026nbsp;=\u0026nbsp;6.861, 0.94\u0026ndash;50.1), congestive heart failure (OR\u0026nbsp;=\u0026nbsp;8.854, 1.34\u0026ndash;54.7), diabetes (OR\u0026nbsp;=\u0026nbsp;7.224, 1.17\u0026ndash;44.7), and\u0026nbsp;Staphylococcus aureus\u0026nbsp;or negative tuberculosis infection (OR\u0026nbsp;=\u0026nbsp;18.81, 2.39\u0026ndash;148.2) were major risk factors for the prognosis of IE patients.\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_21\"\u003e21\u003c/a\u003e This may be related to regional differences in studies.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eOur study summarized the clinical and pathogenic characteristics of endocarditis patients in southwest China, and found that history of cardiac disease has an impact on the prognosis of patients\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003eIE:Infective endocarditis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNVE:Native valve endocarditis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePVE:Prosthetic valve endocarditis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eESC:The European Society of Cardiology\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCHD:Congenital\u0026nbsp;heart\u0026nbsp;disease\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRHD:Rheumatic\u0026nbsp;heart\u0026nbsp;disease\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCAD:Coronary artery disease\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTTE:Transthoracic heart color doppler ultrasound\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMRSA:Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCNS:Coagulase negative staphylococcus\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMRCNS:Methicillin-resistant\u0026nbsp;coagulase negative staphylococcus\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e:\u003c/strong\u003eEthical approval was given by Westchina Hospital of Sichuan University Biomedical Ethics Committee with the following approval number: 203(2015).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e:Not applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAvailability of data and materials Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCompeting interests the authors declare that they have no competing interests\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding \u003c/strong\u003eThese authors received no specific grant from any founding agency in the public, commercial, or-not-for-profit sectors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthors' contributions:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConception:MK\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;design of the work:MK,YFW,ZXC\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;the acquisition, analysis:YL,SYW,WLZ\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003einterpretation of data:YFW,JD,YLX,YX\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edrafted the work or substantively revised it:MK,CH,YM\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e:\u003c/strong\u003eThe author thanks the medical technologists of the Microbiology laboratory for the technical assistance.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHabib G, Hoen B, Tornos P, Thuny F, Prendergast B, Vilacosta I\u003cem\u003e, et al.\u003c/em\u003e Guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infective endocarditis (new version 2009): the Task Force on the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Endorsed by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) and the International Society of Chemotherapy (ISC) for Infection and Cancer. \u003cem\u003eEur Heart J. \u003c/em\u003eOct 2009;30(19):2369-2413.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCorrea de Sa DD, Tleyjeh IM, Anavekar NS, Schultz JC, Thomas JM, Lahr BD\u003cem\u003e, et al.\u003c/em\u003e Epidemiological trends of infective endocarditis: a population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota. \u003cem\u003eMayo Clin Proc. \u003c/em\u003eMay 2010;85(5):422-426.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTernhag A, Cederstrom A, Torner A, Westling K. A nationwide cohort study of mortality risk and long-term prognosis in infective endocarditis in Sweden. \u003cem\u003ePLoS One. \u003c/em\u003e2013;8(7):e67519.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHosseini SM, Bakhshian R, Moshkani Farahani M, Abdar Esfahani M, Bahrami A, Sate A. 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The causative agents in infective endocarditis: a systematic review comprising 33,214 cases. \u003cem\u003eEur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. \u003c/em\u003eAug 2016;35(8):1227-1245.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDeSimone DC, Tleyjeh IM, Correa de Sa DD, Anavekar NS, Lahr BD, Sohail MR\u003cem\u003e, et al.\u003c/em\u003e Incidence of Infective Endocarditis Due to Viridans Group Streptococci Before and After the 2007 American Heart Association's Prevention Guidelines: An Extended Evaluation of the Olmsted County, Minnesota, Population and Nationwide Inpatient Sample. \u003cem\u003eMayo Clin Proc. \u003c/em\u003eJul 2015;90(7):874-881.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbramczuk E, Stepinska J, Hryniewiecki T. Twenty-Year Experience in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infective Endocarditis. \u003cem\u003ePLoS One. \u003c/em\u003e2015;10(7):e0134021.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLi JS, Sexton DJ, Mick N, Nettles R, Fowler VG, Jr., Ryan T\u003cem\u003e, et al.\u003c/em\u003e Proposed modifications to the Duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. \u003cem\u003eClin Infect Dis. \u003c/em\u003eApr 2000;30(4):633-638.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFernandez-Hidalgo N, Tornos Mas P. Epidemiology of infective endocarditis in Spain in the last 20 years. \u003cem\u003eRev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). \u003c/em\u003eSep 2013;66(9):728-733.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSenthilkumar S, Menon T, Subramanian G. Epidemiology of infective endocarditis in Chennai, South India. \u003cem\u003eIndian J Med Sci. \u003c/em\u003eApr 2010;64(4):187-191.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMarks DJ, Hyams C, Koo CY, Pavlou M, Robbins J, Koo CS\u003cem\u003e, et al.\u003c/em\u003e Clinical features, microbiology and surgical outcomes of infective endocarditis: a 13-year study from a UK tertiary cardiothoracic referral centre. \u003cem\u003eQJM. \u003c/em\u003eMar 2015;108(3):219-229.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZhu W, Zhang Q, Zhang J. The changing epidemiology and clinical features of infective endocarditis: A retrospective study of 196 episodes in a teaching hospital in China. \u003cem\u003eBMC Cardiovasc Disord. \u003c/em\u003eMay 8 2017;17(1):113.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKorem M, Israel S, Gilon D, Cahan A, Moses AE, Block C\u003cem\u003e, et al.\u003c/em\u003e Epidemiology of infective endocarditis in a tertiary-center in Jerusalem: a 3-year prospective survey. \u003cem\u003eEur J Intern Med. \u003c/em\u003eJul 2014;25(6):550-555.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHartman L, Barnes E, Bachmann L, Schafer K, Lovato J, Files DC. Opiate Injection-associated Infective Endocarditis in the Southeastern United States. \u003cem\u003eAm J Med Sci. \u003c/em\u003eDec 2016;352(6):603-608.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHarrison JL, Prendergast BD, Habib G. The European society of cardiology 2009 guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infective endocarditis: key messages for clinical practice. \u003cem\u003ePol Arch Med Wewn. \u003c/em\u003eDec 2009;119(12):773-776.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003ctable style=\"border-collapse: collapse; border: none;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 7.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.1pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.25pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.25pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eAll IE patients\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.25pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eNVE\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e patients\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.25pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003ePVE\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e patients\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69.0pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.25pt;\" width=\"92\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eP\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e value\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 7.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.1pt; 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border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.25pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e73(65.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.25pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e70(70.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.25pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e3(25)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.25pt;\" width=\"92\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.05\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 7.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.1pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.25pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eBasic\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e heart disease\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.25pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.25pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.25pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.25pt;\" width=\"92\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 7.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.1pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.25pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 15.0pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eCHD\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e%\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.25pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e32(28.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.25pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e29(29.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.25pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e3(25)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.25pt;\" width=\"92\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eNS\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 15.7pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.1pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 15.0pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; 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height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e5(41.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"92\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.05\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 15.7pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.1pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 15.0pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eCAD\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e%\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e2(1.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e2(2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e0(0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"92\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eNS\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 15.7pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.1pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 15.0pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003evalvulopathy\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e%\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e3.6\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e8.3\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"92\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eNS\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 15.7pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.1pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 15.0pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eother\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e%\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; 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border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e83.3\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"92\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.05\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 15.7pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.1pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eLaboratory findings\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"92\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 15.7pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.1pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eWBC\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e increase\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e%\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e66(58.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e58(58.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e8(66.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"92\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eNS\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 15.7pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.1pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eN%\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e increase\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e%\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e95(84.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e85(85.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e10(83.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"92\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eNS\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 15.7pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.1pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003ePCT\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e increase\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e%\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e89(79.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e79(79.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e10(83.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"92\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eNS\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 15.7pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.1pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eESR\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e increase\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e%\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e61(54.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e56(56.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e5(41.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"92\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eNS\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 15.7pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.1pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eCRP\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e increase\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e%\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e82(73.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e74(74.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e8(66.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"92\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eNS\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 15.7pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.1pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eDeath\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e36(32.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e30(30.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.0pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e6(50)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69.0pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.7pt;\" width=\"92\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e0.331\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eTable 1 baseline data and laboratory findings of patients with IE\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"border-collapse: collapse; border: none;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 20.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 111.75pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"149\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.55pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eAll IE patients\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eNVE\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e patients\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003ePVE\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e patients\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eP\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e value\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 20.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 111.75pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"149\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eGram-Positive Cocci\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e96\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e86.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e87\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e87.9%\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e75\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eNS\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 20.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 111.75pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"149\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003estreptococcus\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e66\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e59.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e63\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e63.6\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.05\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 20.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 111.75pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"149\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: 20.35pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003estreptococcus viridans\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e20.7\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e23.2\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eNS\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 20.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 111.75pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"149\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: 20.05pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;\"\u003eStreptococcus anginosus\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e11.7\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e11.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e16.6\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eNS\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 20.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 111.75pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"149\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: 10.1pt; text-indent: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eOther Streptococcus \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e27.0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e29.3\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e8.3\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.05\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 20.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 111.75pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"149\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 20.0pt; 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line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.05\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 20.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 111.75pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"149\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: 20.05pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003estaphylococcus aureus\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e18.0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e17.2\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eNS\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 20.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 111.75pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"149\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eCNS\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e7.2\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e5.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.05\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 20.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 111.75pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"149\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eenterococcus\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e1.8\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e2.0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eNS\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 20.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 111.75pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"149\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eGram Negative Bacilli\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e%\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e8.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e8.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e8.3\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eNS\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 20.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 111.75pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"149\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eEscherichia coli\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e%\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e4.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e4.0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e8.3\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eNS\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 20.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 111.75pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"149\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: 10.1pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eother Gram Negative Bacilli\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e%\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e3.6\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e4.0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eNS\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 20.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 111.75pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"149\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eGram Positive Bacilli\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e%\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e0.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e1.0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eNS\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 20.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 111.75pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"149\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003efungus\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.55pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e4.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e3.0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e16.6\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.05\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 20.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 111.75pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"149\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eTotal\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.55pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e111\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e99\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.0pt;\" width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eTable 2 distribution of pathogen in patients with IE\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"border-collapse: collapse; border: none;\" width=\"576\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 27.1pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 86.35pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 27.1pt;\" rowspan=\"2\" width=\"115\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eAntibiotic\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 172.75pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 27.1pt;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"230\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003estaphylococcus aureus\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 172.75pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 27.1pt;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"230\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eCNS\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 9.6pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 75.0pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 9.6pt;\" width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003enumber\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 97.75pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 9.6pt;\" width=\"130\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eresistance rate\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e%\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 79.45pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 9.6pt;\" width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003enumber\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 93.3pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 9.6pt;\" width=\"124\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eresistance rate\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e%\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 27.1pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 86.35pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 27.1pt;\" width=\"115\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003ePenicillin G\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 75.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 27.1pt;\" width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 97.75pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 27.1pt;\" width=\"130\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e100\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 79.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 27.1pt;\" width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 93.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 27.1pt;\" width=\"124\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e100\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 27.1pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 86.35pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 27.1pt;\" width=\"115\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eoxacillin\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 75.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 27.1pt;\" width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 97.75pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 27.1pt;\" width=\"130\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e26.3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 79.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 27.1pt;\" width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 93.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 27.1pt;\" width=\"124\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e75\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.1pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 86.35pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 26.1pt;\" width=\"115\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eerythrocin\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 75.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 26.1pt;\" width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 97.75pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 26.1pt;\" width=\"130\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e52.6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 79.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 26.1pt;\" width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 93.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 26.1pt;\" width=\"124\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.1pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 86.35pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 26.1pt;\" width=\"115\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eclindamycin\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 75.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 26.1pt;\" width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 97.75pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 26.1pt;\" width=\"130\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e33.3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 79.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 26.1pt;\" width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 93.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 26.1pt;\" width=\"124\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e12.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.1pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 86.35pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 26.1pt;\" width=\"115\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eCiprofloxacin\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 75.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 26.1pt;\" width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 97.75pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 26.1pt;\" width=\"130\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e10.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 79.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 26.1pt;\" width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 93.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 26.1pt;\" width=\"124\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 28.1pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 86.35pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 28.1pt;\" width=\"115\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003elevofloxacin\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 75.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 28.1pt;\" width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 97.75pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 28.1pt;\" width=\"130\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 79.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 28.1pt;\" width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 93.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 28.1pt;\" width=\"124\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.1pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 86.35pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 26.1pt;\" width=\"115\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003evancomycin\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 75.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 26.1pt;\" width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 97.75pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 26.1pt;\" width=\"130\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 79.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 26.1pt;\" width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 93.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 26.1pt;\" width=\"124\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 27.1pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 86.35pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 27.1pt;\" width=\"115\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003elinezolid\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 75.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 27.1pt;\" width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 97.75pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 27.1pt;\" width=\"130\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 79.45pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 27.1pt;\" width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 93.3pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 27.1pt;\" width=\"124\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 27.1pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 86.35pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 27.1pt;\" width=\"115\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003etetracycline\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 75.0pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 27.1pt;\" width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 97.75pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 27.1pt;\" width=\"130\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e15.8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 79.45pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 27.1pt;\" width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 93.3pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 27.1pt;\" width=\"124\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e22.2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eTable 3 \u0026nbsp;sensitivity of staphylococcus in patients with IE\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100.0%; border-collapse: collapse; border: none;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 20.3pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 21.02%; border: none; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.3pt;\" width=\"21%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eAntibiotic\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 39.48%; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.3pt;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"39%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003estreptococcus viridans\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 39.5%; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.3pt;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"39%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003estreptococcus anginosus\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: .1in;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 21.02%; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: .1in;\" width=\"21%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.5%; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: .1in;\" width=\"18%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003enumber\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 20.98%; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: .1in;\" width=\"20%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eresistance rate\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e%\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.28%; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: .1in;\" width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003enumber\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 22.22%; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: .1in;\" width=\"22%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eresistance rate\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e%\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 20.3pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 21.02%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.3pt;\" width=\"21%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003ePenicillin G\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.5%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.3pt;\" width=\"18%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 20.98%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.3pt;\" width=\"20%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.28%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.3pt;\" width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 22.22%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.3pt;\" width=\"22%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e12.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 20.3pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 21.02%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.3pt;\" width=\"21%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003ecefotaxime\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.5%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.3pt;\" width=\"18%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 20.98%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.3pt;\" width=\"20%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.28%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.3pt;\" width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 22.22%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.3pt;\" width=\"22%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 20.3pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 21.02%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.3pt;\" width=\"21%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003ecefepime\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.5%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.3pt;\" width=\"18%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 20.98%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.3pt;\" width=\"20%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.28%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.3pt;\" width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 22.22%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.3pt;\" width=\"22%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.55pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 21.02%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 19.55pt;\" width=\"21%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eerythrocin\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.5%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 19.55pt;\" width=\"18%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 20.98%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 19.55pt;\" width=\"20%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e47.4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.28%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 19.55pt;\" width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 22.22%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 19.55pt;\" width=\"22%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e83.3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.55pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 21.02%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 19.55pt;\" width=\"21%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eazithromycin\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.5%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 19.55pt;\" width=\"18%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 20.98%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 19.55pt;\" width=\"20%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.28%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 19.55pt;\" width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 22.22%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 19.55pt;\" width=\"22%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e63.6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.55pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 21.02%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 19.55pt;\" width=\"21%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003elevofloxacin\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.5%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 19.55pt;\" width=\"18%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 20.98%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 19.55pt;\" width=\"20%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.28%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 19.55pt;\" width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 22.22%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 19.55pt;\" width=\"22%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e16.7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 20.3pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 21.02%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.3pt;\" width=\"21%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eclindamycin\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.5%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.3pt;\" width=\"18%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 20.98%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.3pt;\" width=\"20%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.28%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.3pt;\" width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 22.22%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.3pt;\" width=\"22%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e100\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 20.55pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 21.02%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.55pt;\" width=\"21%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003etetracycline\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.5%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.55pt;\" width=\"18%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 20.98%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.55pt;\" width=\"20%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e38.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.28%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.55pt;\" width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 22.22%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 20.55pt;\" width=\"22%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e66.7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.55pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 21.02%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 19.55pt;\" width=\"21%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003echloramphenicol\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.5%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 19.55pt;\" width=\"18%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 20.98%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 19.55pt;\" width=\"20%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.28%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 19.55pt;\" width=\"17%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 22.22%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 19.55pt;\" width=\"22%\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.55pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 21.02%; 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font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eT\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eable 5 Death risk factor analysis in IE patients\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Infective endocarditis; pathogen; Clinical manifestations,southwest China","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.2.9194/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.9194/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Background\nInfective endocarditis (IE) is a health-threaten infectious disease. Diverse and complicated etiology and causative microorganisms make IE difficult to diagnose and treat. As we know, current investigations of clinical and pathogen features of IE in West china are scarce. In this study, we aimed to investigate the epidemiology and pathogen characteristic of IE in our region.\nMethods\nA retrospective analysis of clinical and laboratory data was performed from all blood culture positive IE patients between 2012 to 2017 in Westchina Hospital of Sichuan University。The diagnosis is traditionally based on the modified Duke criteria.\nResults\nThe mean age of the patient cohort was 40.7±21.5 years (ranging from 2-78); 73 cases (65.2%) were males and 39 cases (34.8%) were females. Of the 111 cases, 100 were native valve endocarditis (NVE) while 11 were prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE), 87 cases (78.4%) were left-heart infection. Congenital heart disease (28.6%) and rheumatic heart disease (11.6%) were most common history of heart disease. Primary clinical manifestations were fever (87.5%) and heart murmur (78.6%).Streptococci spp (20.7%) was the most common organism, followed by Staphylococcus spp(17.9%). Streptococcus viridians showed no resistance to penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin resistance rate were 47.4% and 40%. Benzocillin resistance rate of staphylococcus aureus to was 26.3%. Vancomycin or linezolid resistance staphylococcus aureus were not found. 75 patients died while 36 patients survived at last. With respect to risk factors, history of heart disease was the only prognostic risk factor (OR: 0.239, 95%CI 0.08-0.68)\nConclusions\nEpidemiological and clinical characteristics of infective endocarditis are various and complex, distribution of pathogen is regional difference. Our research of infective endocarditis with bloodstream infection verified regional characteristics of infective endocarditis. The variations we observed in the study will be of important value to clinical preventive medication in our region.","manuscriptTitle":"Clinical and pathogen features of infective endocarditis:A retrospective study of 111 episodes in a teaching hospital in southwest China","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2019-04-15 20:44:46","doi":"10.21203/rs.2.9194/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"bf015bee-c64b-43d7-97ad-d08226bc5f6e","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 15th, 2019","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":11365,"name":"Internal Medicine Specialties"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2019-04-15 20:44:46","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-624","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"identity":"rs-624","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"cBFmMYwuxLRRLfASyISRj","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}

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