Sea-level rise and coastal flooding: A review of models for coastal policy and management

Abstract In the face of current uncertainties about the processes of climate change and its consequences, the search for possible response strategies is urgently needed. One of the most serious repercussions of climate change, which threatens many coastal areas globally, is the sea-level rise (SLR). To deepen understanding of this phenomenon and its related impacts, several models have recently been developed to satisfy the unique needs of coastal zone management. These models are very useful because of their visualization and prediction capabilities as they aid in decision-making regarding the adaptation of current protected area investments. This review, therefore, provides evidence of the potential and effectiveness of recent mapping models for managing the effects of sea-level rise. This study examined current models for mapping flood risk areas as a result of sea-level rise. It also provides guidelines to help coastal zone managers and policymakers decide the applicability of various models at local, regional, and global scales. There is no universally approved model, and each of the models examined in this article has its own set of advantages and limitations. However, relevant resources from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration are more frequently utilized for organizations and beyond, and they are easier to understand and relate with by scientists and those with less scientific knowledge on sea-level rise.