Antimicrobial Peptides versus Antibiotics in Farm Animal Production

The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in livestock pathogens necessitates the development of effective alternatives to conventional antibiotics. This review aims to evaluate the potential of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as substitutes for traditional antibiotics in farm animal production systems, comparing their mechanisms of action, efficacy, and applications. A comprehensive analysis of recent literature was conducted to examine the properties, classification, and mechanisms of action of AMPs, their occurrence in nature, and their applications in poultry, swine, and ruminant production. The review also compared AMPs with conventional antibiotics, antifungals, and antiparasitic drugs and explored innovative delivery systems, including nano-enabled polymeric carriers. Specific AMPs have shown efficacy against livestock pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Clostridium perfringens, and drug-resistant fungi. Innovative delivery systems such as self-assembly techniques and nanoparticle encapsulation can address stability and bioavailability challenges associated with AMP administration in farm settings. AMPs represent prospecting alternatives to conventional antimicrobials in livestock production, with significant advantages including reduced resistance development, immunomodulatory effects, and broad-spectrum activity. However, addressing challenges related to production costs, stability, and delivery systems is essential for their successful commercial application. The integration of AMPs into sustainable farming practices could contribute significantly to global efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance.