Creatinine-To-Cystatin C Ratio as a Marker of Sarcopenia for Identifying Osteoporosis in Male Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an increased incidence rate of sarcopenia and osteoporosis. Serum creatinine-to-cystatin C ratio (CCR) is a novel and simple tool which can be used as an index of sarcopenia. This study aims to investigate the association between CCR and osteoporosis and bone mineral density (BMD) in T2DM patients. Methods Recruited 166 females and 252 males with T2DM patients. Collect general information, BMD data and laboratory data. The correlation between CCR, BMD, bone metabolism markers and osteoporosis was discussed by spearman correlation, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and multiple regression analysis. Results Spearman correlation analysis showed that CCR in male patients was positively correlated with ASM/height 2 and BMD (r = 215-0.381, P < 0.01), but the female group did not show such relationship. In multivariate regression analysis, it was found that there was a significant correlation between CCR and BMD of total lumbar spine, hip and femoral neck in male patients. ROC curve showed that the optimal cut-off value of CCR for predicting osteoporosis in male patients was 6.73 with the sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 63%. Conclusion In male T2DM patients, CCR was negatively correlated with osteoporosis and positively correlated with BMD.