Two-fluid numerical model of chromospheric1heating and plasma outflows in a quiet-Sun

Two-fluid numerical model of chromospheric1heating and plasma outflows in a quiet-Sun | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Two-fluid numerical model of chromospheric1heating and plasma outflows in a quiet-Sun Kris Murawski, Zdzislaw Musielak, Stefaan Poedts, Abhishek Srivastava This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1896552/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 7 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Purpose: This paper addresses long-standing solar physics problems, namely, the heating of the solar chromosphere and the origin of the solar wind. Our aim is to reveal the related mechanisms behind chromospheric heating and plasma outflows in a quiet-Sun. Methods: The approach is based on a two-fluid numerical model that accounts for thermal non-equilibrium (ionization/recombination), non-adiabatic and non-ideal dynamics of protons+electrons and hydrogen atoms. The model is applied to numerically simulate the propagation and dissipation of granulation-generated waves in the chromosphere and plasma flows inside a quiet region. Results: The obtained results demonstrate that collisions between protons+electrons and hydrogen atoms supplemented by plasma viscosity, magnetic resistivity, and recombination lead to thermal energy release, which compensates radiative and thermal losses in the chromosphere, and sustains the atmosphere with vertical profiles of averaged temperature and periods of generated waves that are consistent with recent observational data. Conclusion: Our model conjectures a most robust and global physical picture of granulation generated wave motions, plasma flows, and subsequent heating, which form and dynamically couple the various layers of the solar atmosphere. Methods numerical – Sun atmosphere – Sun activity Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Major revision 15 Sep, 2022 Reviews received at journal 15 Sep, 2022 Reviewers agreed at journal 05 Sep, 2022 Reviewers invited by journal 03 Aug, 2022 Editor assigned by journal 02 Aug, 2022 Submission checks completed at journal 27 Jul, 2022 First submitted to journal 26 Jul, 2022 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-1896552","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":124441399,"identity":"ab78ab8e-8625-41da-b16a-ed8424f1eb82","order_by":0,"name":"Kris Murawski","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA90lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACCQbGBhibmSGhAkQxN+BUjkXLGRCFEMGhBQGYGRjbQDQBLZKzDzd/YMw5nM8/I/2xwcN5tdH87UAtPyq24dQizZfYJsG47bDljBs5xgmJ247nzjjM2MDYc+Y2Ti1yPEDHALUYMNzOYT6QuO1YbgNQCzNjG14tQIcBtcjfTn98IHHOsdz5hLRI8zA2gBxmYHA7AeiwhprcDYS0SPYwtkkkbks3MLz/xtgg4diB3I1ALQfx+UXiDPvjDx+3WRvInTn+WPJHTV3uvPOHDz74UYFbCxgkIJiHweQB/OpRQR0pikfBKBgFo2CEAAC6vFta8UZi+AAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Maria Curie-Skłodowska University","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kris","middleName":"","lastName":"Murawski","suffix":""},{"id":124441404,"identity":"b48668ba-443b-4702-bd85-1fa9381df3c0","order_by":1,"name":"Zdzislaw Musielak","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"The University of Texas at Arlington","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zdzislaw","middleName":"","lastName":"Musielak","suffix":""},{"id":124441405,"identity":"5f8a8454-e8b9-4a98-96b4-a5b1a92c1cd9","order_by":2,"name":"Stefaan Poedts","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"KU Leuven","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Stefaan","middleName":"","lastName":"Poedts","suffix":""},{"id":124441406,"identity":"8de6435d-f1cb-4dfc-a7cd-aa7f9eea5399","order_by":3,"name":"Abhishek Srivastava","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Indian Institute of Technology BHU","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abhishek","middleName":"","lastName":"Srivastava","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2022-07-26 07:29:26","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1896552/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1896552/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":24621580,"identity":"f58dbd6c-fba3-4a90-9084-37152107da80","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-08-01 18:35:31","extension":"pdf","order_by":10,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1413759,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"heatwindnew.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1896552/v1_covered.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Two-fluid numerical model of chromospheric1heating and plasma outflows in a quiet-Sun","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"This preprint is available for \u003ca href='/article/rs-1896552/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003edownload as a PDF\u003c/a\u003e."}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"astrophysics-and-space-science","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"astr","sideBox":"Learn more about [Astrophysics and Space Science](https://www.springer.com/journal/10509)","snPcode":"10509","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10509/3","title":"Astrophysics and Space Science","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Methods, numerical – Sun, atmosphere – Sun, activity","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1896552/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1896552/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Purpose: This paper addresses long-standing solar physics problems, namely, the heating of the solar chromosphere and the origin of the solar wind. 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