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by claude@2026-07, 2026-07-04
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This narrative review compares how endometriosis is described and treated in Persian medicine versus modern medicine, examining symptoms, etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment using literature searches across major databases and Persian medicine sources. It reports that common symptoms include pain, infertility, and menstrual disorders, and that Persian medicine frames these in relation to uterine dysfunction such as uterine dystemperament or uterine tumefactions (categorized as warm, melancholic, or phlegmatic). The review also states that lifestyle modification is discussed as effective for prevention and treatment in terms of risk and protective factors, and that modern studies attribute effects of various recommended herbs to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic actions and suppression of endometrial cell proliferation and migration, while noting that the paper’s evidence synthesis is narrative rather than a systematic review. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it compares Persian and modern medical perspectives to map symptoms and proposed mechanisms and treatments.
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common gynecological disorder characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Due to the inadequacy of current treatments, complementary medicine is increasing today. The aim of this study is to conduct a comparative study of endometriosis from the perspectives of Persian and modern medicine to provide a better understanding of the disease and enable the development of more effective integrated management strategies for patients. This study is a narrative review that investigates the symptoms, etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of endometriosis from the perspectives of Persian Medicine and modern medicine. To achieve this, a comprehensive literature search was performed based on relevant keywords in major databases, and authoritative sources in Persian Medicine. The extracted data were classified and comparatively evaluated to identify similarities and differences between the two medical paradigms. Pain, infertility and menstrual disorders are the most common symptoms of endometriosis, which in Persian Medicine can occur in the context of uterine dysfunction such as uterine dystemperament or various types of uterine tumefactions, including warm, melancholic, or phlegmatic. A study of risk and protective factors in endometriosis shows that lifestyle modification plays an effective role in preventing and treating this condition. Several medicinal herbs have been recommended in Persian Medicine sources for treating different types of uterine tumefactions based on their underlying etiology. Modern studies have demonstrated that these herbs exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic effects, and suppress the proliferation and migration of endometrial cells in endometriosis. By investigating the symptoms and complications of endometriosis and comparing them with Persian medical sources, it seems that a spectrum of disorders centered on uterine dystemperament and uterine tumefactions have the greatest correspondence with endometriosis. Further studies are recommended to investigate integrated approaches in diagnostic and therapeutic dimensions.
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Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (Oct 2025)
Investigating the Etiology and Treatment of Endometriosis: Perspectives from Persian Medicine and Modern Medicine
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common gynecological disorder characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Due to the inadequacy of current treatments, complementary medicine is increasing today. The aim of this study is to conduct a comparative study of endometriosis from the perspectives of Persian and modern medicine to provide a better understanding of the disease and enable the development of more effective integrated management strategies for patients. This study is a narrative review that investigates the symptoms, etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of endometriosis from the perspectives of Persian Medicine and modern medicine. To achieve this, a comprehensive literature search was performed based on relevant keywords in major databases, and authoritative sources in Persian Medicine. The extracted data were classified and comparatively evaluated to identify similarities and differences between the two medical paradigms. Pain, infertility and menstrual disorders are the most common symptoms of endometriosis, which in Persian Medicine can occur in the context of uterine dysfunction such as uterine dystemperament or various types of uterine tumefactions, including warm, melancholic, or phlegmatic. A study of risk and protective factors in endometriosis shows that lifestyle modification plays an effective role in preventing and treating this condition. Several medicinal herbs have been recommended in Persian Medicine sources for treating different types of uterine tumefactions based on their underlying etiology. Modern studies have demonstrated that these herbs exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic effects, and suppress the proliferation and migration of endometrial cells in endometriosis. By investigating the symptoms and complications of endometriosis and comparing them with Persian medical sources, it seems that a spectrum of disorders centered on uterine dystemperament and uterine tumefactions have the greatest correspondence with endometriosis. Further studies are recommended to investigate integrated approaches in diagnostic and therapeutic dimensions.
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