Effects of social and economic development on CO2 emission in the countries of the Visegrad group

Effects of social and economic development on CO2 emission in the countries of the Visegrad group | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Effects of social and economic development on CO2 emission in the countries of the Visegrad group Błażej Suproń, Irena Łącka, Roman Śmietański This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3884902/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study analyses the impact of socio-economic development, renewable energy consumption, education expenditure and foreign direct investment on carbon dioxide emissions in the four Visegrad countries of Central Europe between 1991 and 2021. The Autoregressive-Distributed Lag Bound Testing method was used to test the short- and long-term relationships for each of the dependent variables to verify the hypotheses. The results obtained indicate three bidirectional relationships. For the Czech Republic and Slovakia, changes in carbon emissions can affect changes in the Human Development Index (HDI) and vice versa. Bidirectional causality was also established in the case of Poland between energy consumption from renewable sources and carbon dioxide emissions. Changes in carbon dioxide emissions can affect the country's renewable energy consumption and vice versa. For the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia, unidirectional causality was established between the variables indicated. The results of the short-term relationships revealed that in the Visegrad countries there may be an increase in carbon dioxide emissions in the short term with an increase in renewable energy production. Long-term relationships between spending on education and reductions in carbon emissions could only be demonstrated for Slovakia. Toda-Yamamoto tests showed unidirectional causality between foreign direct investment and carbon dioxide emissions for the Czech Republic and Slovakia. In contrast, no significant relationship in the long run between carbon dioxide emissions and foreign direct investment was observed for the countries studied. The findings have interesting policy implications for policy makers in the Visegrad countries. human and economic development education renewable energy consumption foreign direct investment carbon emissions Bootstrap ARDL bound Test Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3884902","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":275320934,"identity":"8366f0c5-369c-4215-a272-f777e3b8cc25","order_by":0,"name":"Błażej Suproń","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAyklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACAygtB6HYgJidSC3GDAzMUC3MRGpJbCBaizn/GbPHFRV30ufPyD/A8KHsMIM5IS2WM3LMDc+ceZbbOCOZgXHGucMMls2EHHaDx0yyse1wbrNEMgMzb9thBoPDhLScPwPWks4G0vKXKC0HcsBaEnhAWhiJ0WI5I63csOHMYcMZPI8NDvacS+ch6Bdz/sPbHjZUHJaXb098+OBHmbWcOXsDAT2QuICAA0DMY4BTITYtYECMllEwCkbBKBhZAACAoz2oiGGzzwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7432-1670","institution":"West Pomeranian University of Technology: Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Błażej","middleName":"","lastName":"Suproń","suffix":""},{"id":275320935,"identity":"631b7b87-236c-4d6e-acb7-115deb8c5ca0","order_by":1,"name":"Irena Łącka","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"West Pomeranian University of Technology: Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Irena","middleName":"","lastName":"Łącka","suffix":""},{"id":275320936,"identity":"cfb148ea-f276-4e7c-b16c-0de4afc861af","order_by":2,"name":"Roman Śmietański","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Opole University of Technology: Politechnika Opolska","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Roman","middleName":"","lastName":"Śmietański","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-01-21 13:54:03","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3884902/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3884902/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":62831182,"identity":"c4b7ba39-3916-4fe4-96c2-f7cb3a3f9892","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-20 03:45:29","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":806717,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ArticleEN.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3884902/v1_covered_a6ffc61f-6b1f-436e-96c5-7785310ec9f6.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Effects of social and economic development on CO2 emission in the countries of the Visegrad group","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"human and economic development, education, renewable energy consumption, foreign direct investment, carbon emissions, Bootstrap ARDL, bound Test","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3884902/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3884902/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study analyses the impact of socio-economic development, renewable energy consumption, education expenditure and foreign direct investment on carbon dioxide emissions in the four Visegrad countries of Central Europe between 1991 and 2021. 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