Investigating burst mode ultrashort pulse laser ablation on stainless steel: a combined numerical and experimental study leading to an analytical model

Investigating burst mode ultrashort pulse laser ablation on stainless steel: a combined numerical and experimental study leading to an analytical model | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Investigating burst mode ultrashort pulse laser ablation on stainless steel: a combined numerical and experimental study leading to an analytical model Luis OMEÑACA, Santiago Miguel OLAIZOLA, Ainara RODRÍGUEZ, Mikel GOMEZ-ARANZADI, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7682607/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 27 Jan, 2026 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 12 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Femtosecond lasers have proven to be a highly effective tool for surface micro- and nanomachining, offering high precision through minimal heat-affected zones compared to longer-pulse lasers. Moreover, recent advancements in burst technology show great promise for enhancing both efficiency and precision. This study investigates the dependence of fluence and sub-pulses on the ablation depth and diameter of 316L Stainless Steel with a MHz intraburst repetition rate is investigated. An extended two-temperature model, incorporating the heat diffusion between sub-pulses, is introduced to predict ablation depth and diameter for varying number of sub-pulses. Simulated results are compared with experimental data, showing a good qualitative agreement between them. The findings reveal that burst mode can significantly improve ablation rates by mitigating efficiency loses at high fluence and provide insights into how to achieve the optimal parameters for its application. Physical sciences/Engineering Physical sciences/Optics and photonics Physical sciences/Physics Ultrafast Laser-Metal Interaction Femtosecond Laser Burst mode Stainless Steel Two-Temperature Model. Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files SupplementaryData.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 27 Jan, 2026 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 28 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 21 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 20 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 30 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 30 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 29 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 28 Sep, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 28 Sep, 2025 Editor invited by journal 26 Sep, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 26 Sep, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 25 Sep, 2025 First submitted to journal 22 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7682607","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":522868157,"identity":"d5e763a8-af96-4ebb-b53c-e19522b688aa","order_by":0,"name":"Luis OMEÑACA","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"CEIT-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Luis","middleName":"","lastName":"OMEÑACA","suffix":""},{"id":522868158,"identity":"d2856950-60e2-47ba-89c9-66c49a4e19dd","order_by":1,"name":"Santiago Miguel OLAIZOLA","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"CEIT-Basque Research and Technology 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