Two-dimensional perovskites with maximum symmetry enable exciton diffusion length exceeding 2 micrometers

Two-dimensional perovskites with maximum symmetry enable exciton diffusion length exceeding 2 micrometers | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Two-dimensional perovskites with maximum symmetry enable exciton diffusion length exceeding 2 micrometers Aditya Mohite, Jin Hou, Jared Fletcher, Siedah Hall, Hao Zhang, and 13 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6542627/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Realizing semiconductors with high symmetry of their crystallographic structures has been a virtue of inorganic materials and has resulted in novel physical behaviors. In contrast, hybrid (organic and inorganic) crystals such as two-dimensional metal halide perovskites exhibit much lower crystal symmetry due to in-plane or out-of-plane octahedral distortions. Despite their amazing ability for photoinduced light emission at room temperature, the Achilles' heel of this attractive class of 2D materials for optoelectronics remains the poor control and lack of performance for charge carrier transport. Inspired by the tremendous charge carrier properties of the 3D cubic perovskite phase (α) of FAPbI₃ and combining the use of the appropriate cage cation, the spacer molecule and the temperature and rate of crystallization, we report a new series of FA-based layered two-dimensional perovskites that exhibits the highest theoretically predicted symmetry with a tetragonal P4/mmm space group, resulting in no octahedral distortion in both in-plane and out-of-plane directions. These 2D perovskites present the shortest interlayer distances (4 Å), which results in systematically lower bandgaps (1.7 to 1.8 eV). Finally, the absence of octahedral distortions, results in an exciton diffusion length of 2.5 µm, and a diffusivity of 4.4 cm2s-1, both of which are an order of magnitude larger compared to previously reported 2D perovskites and on par with monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides. Physical sciences/Materials science/Materials for energy and catalysis Physical sciences/Materials science/Condensed-matter physics/Semiconductors/Two-dimensional materials Full Text Additional Declarations Yes there is potential Competing Interest. Rice University has filed a patent for a method of fabricating the FA DJ 2D perovskite. The other authors declare no competing interests. Supplementary Files HouDJFASI.pdf Supplementary Information Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6542627","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":459239384,"identity":"449d0ab8-11bb-4017-b29f-bf085a12cf8e","order_by":0,"name":"Aditya Mohite","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAqklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFCCBAaDDwwSYKYE0VoKZ5Cs5TMPlEmcFv727MTNtnss5PkZmA/e5iGsAWjwmbebjXOeSRjObGBLtiZKC8ON3G3GOQckEgwO8JhJE6VF/kbu9t8WQC32B/i/EafF4EbuBmMGkC0MPGzEaTE883aDYc8BCcMZh9mMLecQo0XueO4Ggx8H6uT525sf3nhDjBYEYCZN+SgYBaNgFIwCfAAA+Nou4XI8y9cAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8865-409X","institution":"Rice University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Aditya","middleName":"","lastName":"Mohite","suffix":""},{"id":459239385,"identity":"ab9c299b-dd71-477f-8400-8a20de9663c8","order_by":1,"name":"Jin Hou","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8786-3276","institution":"northwestern university","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jin","middleName":"","lastName":"Hou","suffix":""},{"id":459239386,"identity":"5012d4db-2c60-4390-8107-182c7e5b0b8c","order_by":2,"name":"Jared Fletcher","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Northwestern University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jared","middleName":"","lastName":"Fletcher","suffix":""},{"id":459239387,"identity":"0ffb93b0-e931-44f4-9a4a-d3bef1c0eef5","order_by":3,"name":"Siedah Hall","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5372-8332","institution":"Advanced Science Research Center - CUNY","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Siedah","middleName":"","lastName":"Hall","suffix":""},{"id":459239388,"identity":"43f15bd4-60c4-435a-a38e-b1fb974d2b23","order_by":4,"name":"Hao Zhang","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9929-7999","institution":"Rice University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hao","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":459239389,"identity":"056ef669-1262-4ce0-bd28-47658a49db8a","order_by":5,"name":"Marios Zacharias","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7052-5684","institution":"Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Marios","middleName":"","lastName":"Zacharias","suffix":""},{"id":459239390,"identity":"24278497-ed99-4fdd-9d58-9f46ed331f53","order_by":6,"name":"George Volonakis","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3047-2298","institution":"Université de Rennes","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"George","middleName":"","lastName":"Volonakis","suffix":""},{"id":459239391,"identity":"7a53dd09-48f1-4722-84d9-99a62e63eec4","order_by":7,"name":"Claire Welton","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6637-1723","institution":"University of Lille","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Claire","middleName":"","lastName":"Welton","suffix":""},{"id":459239392,"identity":"f4d64e43-7c26-4a9b-80ea-7bbf48a3bea8","order_by":8,"name":"Faiz Mandani","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Rice University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Faiz","middleName":"","lastName":"Mandani","suffix":""},{"id":459239393,"identity":"8f742266-2bef-420f-ab82-adddc62aeaf9","order_by":9,"name":"Isaac Metcalf","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Rice University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Isaac","middleName":"","lastName":"Metcalf","suffix":""},{"id":459239394,"identity":"564c7304-a877-4353-8da3-152107e3006a","order_by":10,"name":"Shuo Sun","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shuo","middleName":"","lastName":"Sun","suffix":""},{"id":459239395,"identity":"f4184989-7c8c-404b-90bc-1428c75d3d35","order_by":11,"name":"Bo Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bo","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":459239396,"identity":"65e2efd3-47af-4df6-bfb4-64e1e0a56393","order_by":12,"name":"Yinsheng Guo","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0571-8447","institution":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yinsheng","middleName":"","lastName":"Guo","suffix":""},{"id":459239397,"identity":"74321ba7-32e2-45d9-8ede-a1af97204567","order_by":13,"name":"G. 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In contrast, hybrid (organic and inorganic) crystals such as two-dimensional metal halide perovskites exhibit much lower crystal symmetry due to in-plane or out-of-plane octahedral distortions. Despite their amazing ability for photoinduced light emission at room temperature, the Achilles' heel of this attractive class of 2D materials for optoelectronics remains the poor control and lack of performance for charge carrier transport. Inspired by the tremendous charge carrier properties of the 3D cubic perovskite phase (α) of FAPbI₃ and combining the use of the appropriate cage cation, the spacer molecule and the temperature and rate of crystallization, we report a new series of FA-based layered two-dimensional perovskites that exhibits the highest theoretically predicted symmetry with a tetragonal P4/mmm space group, resulting in no octahedral distortion in both in-plane and out-of-plane directions. 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