Fuzzy C Means Clustering and Ant Colony Optimization based Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Fuzzy C Means Clustering and Ant Colony Optimization based Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Fuzzy C Means Clustering and Ant Colony Optimization based Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks Hetal Panchal, Sachin Gajjar This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5922628/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Routing protocol based on Fuzzy C Means Clustering and Ant Colony Optimization for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSN) is presented in this paper. The network consists of several underwater sensor nodes that transfer the data packets to the Surface Station (SS). Fuzzy C Means Clustering and Ant Colony Optimization based Routing Protocol (FACOCRP) for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks encompasses cluster formation, selection of cluster heads, and inter-cluster routing protocol. The Fuzzy C Means (FCM) clustering technique is used to create clusters. Cluster heads are chosen by considering the center of the cluster into account in the first round. The leftover energy of underwater sensor nodes’ is considered for cluster head selection by keeping the same cluster from the second round. FACOCRP uses an Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm for energy-efficient and reliable inter-cluster communication from cluster heads to the surface station. The FACOCRP is better than UWISN, SH-FEER and MH-FEER for energy consumption up to 54.22%, for network lifetime up to 53.89%, for FND up to 39.44%, and packets transmitted to surface stations up to 73.73%. Fuzzy C Means Clustering Cluster Head Selection Ant Colony Optimization Multihop Communication Routing Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5922628","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":410094481,"identity":"af3cc14e-88ad-4b40-bded-b4492f09a974","order_by":0,"name":"Hetal Panchal","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABFklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACfmbGBwyMDcwMjPMfH2BIAIsxNoBIHlxaJNubDRtAWpgb0hKI02Jw5jBEC3tDjgGRLruRzP64cIe1HG/DmW8PHu7ZJm9wu7mB4UcNg4w5Dh2MM5IZm2eeSTeWbOzdbpDw7LbhhjsHGxh7jjHwWDZg18IskX+wmbftcOLGZt5tEgkHbjNuuJHYwMDbwMBjcAC7FjYJoC1ALfX7j/E8A2mxB2lh/ItHCw/PYbCWBMYeHjaQlkSQFmZ8tkiwNzPOntmWbtg4g80MpCV5JlDLYZljEji12B9mZvhc2GYtzziD+ZnkjwO3bftupD98+KbGxh6XFnAQYIgAFUvgVo9VyygYBaNgFIwCZAAA07FkEj+5OpYAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Nirma University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hetal","middleName":"","lastName":"Panchal","suffix":""},{"id":410094484,"identity":"589a101c-b8cc-42e1-9af6-2ba1f5da7def","order_by":1,"name":"Sachin Gajjar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Nirma University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sachin","middleName":"","lastName":"Gajjar","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-01-29 07:53:23","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5922628/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5922628/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":78266408,"identity":"f6d01a41-39d8-4aec-b28d-dcd6441dffb8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-11 12:31:56","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":946310,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"snarticle.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5922628/v1_covered_ff78767f-ba94-479c-b4c7-f8054f4d6d39.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Fuzzy C Means Clustering and Ant Colony Optimization based Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Fuzzy C Means Clustering, Cluster Head Selection, Ant Colony Optimization, Multihop Communication, Routing, Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5922628/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5922628/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eRouting protocol based on Fuzzy C Means Clustering and Ant Colony Optimization for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSN) is presented in this paper. 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