Psychiatric and Systemic Risk Factors for Dry Eye Disease in Adult Korean Population Aged 40 Years or Older: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018 (KNHANES VII)

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the association between dry eye disease (DED) and various psychiatric and systemic diseases in an adult Korean population aged 40 years or older. Methods: Population-based cross-sectional data of 6,732 participants aged ≥ 40 years was extracted from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018 (KNHANES VII). Data including DED, demographic variables, behavioral factors, psychiatric conditions, and systemic diseases was analyzed to determine the prevalence and psychiatric and systemic risk factors for DED. Results: The weighted prevalence of DED was 7.9 ± 0.4% (mean ± SE). Multivariate analysis showed that female sex and urban residence were associated with an increased risk of DED. The prevalence of DED was lower in patients aged ≥70 years than in those aged 40–69 years. Psychological conditions including perceived stress and depression were associated with the risk of DED. Systemic conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, degenerative arthritis, osteoporosis, ischemic heart disease, and chronic renal failure had association with an increased risk of DED. Conclusion: DED may be associated with several psychiatric and systemic conditions, which highlights the need for an integrated approach to manage these diseases for optimal treatment of DED.