Evaluation of the convection-permitting regional climate model CNRM-AROME41t1 over northwestern Europe | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Evaluation of the convection-permitting regional climate model CNRM-AROME41t1 over northwestern Europe Philippe Lucas-Picher, Erwan Brisson, Cécile Caillaud, Antoinette Alias, and 8 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1393181/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 30 Jan, 2023 Read the published version in Climate Dynamics → Version 1 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Since a decade, convection-permitting regional climate models (CPRCM) have emerged showing promising results, especially in improving the simulation of precipitation extremes. In this article, the CPRCM CNRM-AROME developed at the Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques (CNRM) since a few years is described and evaluated using a 2.5-km long 19-year hindcast simulation over a large northwestern European domain using different observations through an added-value analysis in which a comparison with its driving 12-km RCM CNRM-ALADIN is performed. The evaluation is challenging due to the lack of high-quality observations at both high temporal and spatial resolutions. Thus, a high spatio-temporal observed gridded precipitation dataset was built from the collection of seven national datasets that helped the identification of added value from CNRM-AROME. The evaluation is based on a series of standard climatic features that include long-term means and mean annual cycles of precipitation and near-surface temperature where CNRM-AROME shows little improvements compared to CNRM-ALADIN. Additional indicators such as the summer diurnal cycle and indices of extreme precipitation show, on the contrary, a more realistic behaviour of the CNRM-AROME model. Moreover, the analysis of snow cover shows a clear added-value in the CNRM-AROME simulation, principally due to the improved description of the orography with the CPRCM high resolution. Additional analyses include the evaluation of incoming surface longwave and shortwave radiation, and cloud cover using satellite estimates. Overall, despite some systematic biases, the evaluation indicates that CNRM-AROME is a suitable CPRCM that is superior in many aspects to the RCM CNRM-ALADIN. Convection-permitting regional climate model precipitation CNRM-AROME CNRM-ALADIN added value Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 30 Jan, 2023 Read the published version in Climate Dynamics → Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 04 Mar, 2022 Reviewers invited by journal 27 Feb, 2022 Editor assigned by journal 25 Feb, 2022 First submitted to journal 24 Feb, 2022 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-1393181","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":86913625,"identity":"e8d90d58-a030-4309-95c4-bf43c7332328","order_by":0,"name":"Philippe Lucas-Picher","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8707-7745","institution":"Universite du Quebec a Montreal","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Philippe","middleName":"","lastName":"Lucas-Picher","suffix":""},{"id":86913626,"identity":"a62f64db-ca6a-419b-82ee-eaeddee32d6f","order_by":1,"name":"Erwan Brisson","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques Groupe de Meteorologie de Grande Echelle et Climat","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Erwan","middleName":"","lastName":"Brisson","suffix":""},{"id":86913627,"identity":"bfd69ba7-b17f-4604-81a0-06ddc4f30251","order_by":2,"name":"Cécile Caillaud","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques Groupe de Meteorologie de Grande Echelle et Climat","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Cécile","middleName":"","lastName":"Caillaud","suffix":""},{"id":86913628,"identity":"3c5e1aa1-86f3-4101-b7d1-52fdc6dd8e5d","order_by":3,"name":"Antoinette Alias","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques Groupe de Meteorologie de Grande Echelle et Climat","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Antoinette","middleName":"","lastName":"Alias","suffix":""},{"id":86913629,"identity":"67e9ce74-f84f-4850-9d34-2e33f6422b51","order_by":4,"name":"Pierre Nabat","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques Groupe de Meteorologie de Grande Echelle et Climat","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Pierre","middleName":"","lastName":"Nabat","suffix":""},{"id":86913630,"identity":"793043f2-fe73-4dae-a4e2-078214987bfb","order_by":5,"name":"Aude Lemonsu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques Groupe de Meteorologie de Moyenne Echelle","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Aude","middleName":"","lastName":"Lemonsu","suffix":""},{"id":86913631,"identity":"639f609f-733e-4aaa-96db-c978e070845b","order_by":6,"name":"Nils Poncet","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques Groupe de Meteorologie de Grande Echelle et Climat","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nils","middleName":"","lastName":"Poncet","suffix":""},{"id":86913632,"identity":"4e806f0f-e661-4ff3-a8a4-82e748013b20","order_by":7,"name":"Virginia Edith Cortes Hernandez","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques Groupe de Meteorologie de Grande Echelle et Climat","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Virginia","middleName":"Edith Cortes","lastName":"Hernandez","suffix":""},{"id":86913633,"identity":"59e18c2e-b5c2-4ba8-b569-19ac7ae2c3e0","order_by":8,"name":"Yohanna Michau","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques Groupe de Meteorologie de Moyenne Echelle","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yohanna","middleName":"","lastName":"Michau","suffix":""},{"id":86913634,"identity":"70969487-8108-4690-9654-76df4b411461","order_by":9,"name":"Antoine Doury","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques Groupe de Meteorologie de Grande Echelle et Climat","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Antoine","middleName":"","lastName":"Doury","suffix":""},{"id":86913635,"identity":"9c703364-8b88-48ff-9372-6c1bc5c3ad7d","order_by":10,"name":"Diego Monteiro","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques Centre d'Etudes de la Neige","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Diego","middleName":"","lastName":"Monteiro","suffix":""},{"id":86913636,"identity":"3056e978-b10a-4eec-8017-0144f62f5f9d","order_by":11,"name":"Samuel Somot","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques Groupe de Meteorologie de Grande Echelle et Climat","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Samuel","middleName":"","lastName":"Somot","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2022-02-24 16:20:18","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1393181/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1393181/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06637-y","type":"published","date":"2023-01-30T18:36:51+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":18738237,"identity":"cd8817f6-4756-43ac-991b-8f92f2c7f266","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-03-01 15:21:10","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1824502,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ArticleevaluationCDfinal.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1393181/v1_covered.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Evaluation of the convection-permitting regional climate model CNRM-AROME41t1 over northwestern Europe","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"This preprint is available for \u003ca href='/article/rs-1393181/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003edownload as a PDF\u003c/a\u003e."}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"
[email protected]","identity":"climate-dynamics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"cldy","sideBox":"Learn more about [Climate Dynamics](https://www.springer.com/journal/382)","snPcode":"382","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/382/3","title":"Climate Dynamics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Convection-permitting regional climate model, precipitation, CNRM-AROME, CNRM-ALADIN, added value","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1393181/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1393181/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Since a decade, convection-permitting regional climate models (CPRCM) have emerged showing promising results, especially in improving the simulation of precipitation extremes. In this article, the CPRCM CNRM-AROME developed at the Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques (CNRM) since a few years is described and evaluated using a 2.5-km long 19-year hindcast simulation over a large northwestern European domain using different observations through an added-value analysis in which a comparison with its driving 12-km RCM CNRM-ALADIN is performed. The evaluation is challenging due to the lack of high-quality observations at both high temporal and spatial resolutions. Thus, a high spatio-temporal observed gridded precipitation dataset was built from the collection of seven national datasets that helped the identification of added value from CNRM-AROME. The evaluation is based on a series of standard climatic features that include long-term means and mean annual cycles of precipitation and near-surface temperature where CNRM-AROME shows little improvements compared to CNRM-ALADIN. Additional indicators such as the summer diurnal cycle and indices of extreme precipitation show, on the contrary, a more realistic behaviour of the CNRM-AROME model. Moreover, the analysis of snow cover shows a clear added-value in the CNRM-AROME simulation, principally due to the improved description of the orography with the CPRCM high resolution. Additional analyses include the evaluation of incoming surface longwave and shortwave radiation, and cloud cover using satellite estimates. Overall, despite some systematic biases, the evaluation indicates that CNRM-AROME is a suitable CPRCM that is superior in many aspects to the RCM CNRM-ALADIN.","manuscriptTitle":"Evaluation of the convection-permitting regional climate model CNRM-AROME41t1 over northwestern Europe","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2022-03-01 15:21:01","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1393181/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2022-03-04T06:45:26+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2022-02-27T21:33:05+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2022-02-26T04:41:57+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Climate Dynamics","date":"2022-02-24T11:19:32+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"
[email protected]","identity":"climate-dynamics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"cldy","sideBox":"Learn more about [Climate Dynamics](https://www.springer.com/journal/382)","snPcode":"382","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/382/3","title":"Climate Dynamics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"69eaafb9-ce10-4e79-b6d6-f42b1353b128","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 1st, 2022","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2023-10-16T18:42:46+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-1393181","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06637-y","journal":{"identity":"climate-dynamics","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Climate Dynamics"},"publishedOn":"2023-01-30 18:36:51","publishedOnDateReadable":"January 30th, 2023"},"versionCreatedAt":"2022-03-01 15:21:01","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s00382-022-06637-y","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06637-y","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-1393181","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-1393181","identity":"rs-1393181","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"cBFmMYwuxLRRLfASyISRj","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}
Text is read by the "Ask this paper" AI Q&A widget below.
Extraction quality varies by source — PMC NXML preserves structure
cleanly, OA-HTML may include some navigation residue, and OA-PDF can
have broken hyphenation. The publisher copy
(via DOI)
is the canonical version.