Using an Online Nominal Group Technique to Determine Key Implementation Factors for COVID-19 Vaccination Programmes in Community Pharmacies

Abstract Background: One vital strategy to fight the COVID-19 pandemic is the rapid roll-out of vaccination programmes. In a number of countries pharmacists are joining the vaccination programme workforce, including plans to involve community pharmacies in the process. Objectives: (1) to determine key implementation factors for rapid roll-out of COVID-19 vaccination programmes in European community pharmacies and (2) to test an online approach of the nominal group technique (NGT) to generate ideas and reach consensus to achieve the first aim. Setting: In February 2021, during a workshop at the 12th Working Conference of the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE). Methods: An online nominal group technique workshop over 10 hours was conducted. Identified implementation factors were mapped to the Framework for the Implementation of Services in Pharmacy (FISpH) and assessed in terms of importance and changeability.Main outcome measure: Consensus of key implementation factors.Results: In total, 85 implementation factors were identified. The top 3 factors were the same for both criteria: (Regular) Staff training on correct vaccination procedure / to perform hands-on injection technique; Training in basic life support / first aid (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation), and; Definition of process, roles and responsibilities in the team. Conclusion: An online NGT process enabled international collaboration in gathering diverse perspectives on the implementation of COVID-19 vaccination programmes in a time and cost-efficient manner. The process was effective in identifying implementation factors and finding solutions. Online NGT processes may be suitable for other implementation problems, not only during a pandemic.