Resource-efficient pooled sequencing expands translational impact in solid tumors

ABSTRACT Intratumoral genetic heterogeneity (ITH) poses a significant challenge to utilizing sequencing for decision making in the management of cancer. Although sequencing of multiple tumor regions can address the pitfalls of ITH, it does so at a significant increase in cost and resource utilization. We propose a pooled multiregional sequencing strategy, whereby DNA aliquots from multiple tumor regions are mixed prior to sequencing, as a cost-effective strategy to boost translational value by addressing ITH while preserving valuable residual tissue for secondary analysis. Focusing on kidney cancer, we demonstrate that DNA pooling from as few as two regions significantly increases mutation detection while reducing clonality misattribution. This leads to an increased fraction of patients identified with therapeutically actionable mutations, improved patient risk stratification, and improved inference of evolutionary trajectories with an accuracy comparable to bona fide multiregional sequencing. The same approach applied to non-small-cell lung cancer data substantially improves tumor mutational burden (TMB) detection. Our findings demonstrate that pooled DNA sequencing strategies are a cost-effective alternative to address intrinsic genetic heterogeneity in clinical settings.